This exploratory article aims to preliminarily describe and analyze the spread of new coronavirus (COVID-19) infections and its impact on global and local supply chains in Japanese manufacturing industries and firms. Based on existing literature on industries, firms, and disasters, we characterize the 2019-2020 new coronavirus pandemics as “the first global and invisible disaster in the era of global competition,” in which risks of factory shut-downs caused directly or indirectly by infections can happen at any part of the global supply chains. This is also an invisible disaster that affects human productive resources, as opposed to visible disasters that destroy non-human physical productive resources. In the latter case, the organizational capabilities for quick recovery of damaged sites and rampup of substitutive production are key factors, while the protective capability for defending the factory and keeping it uninfected is critical in the latter case. We argue that the spread of the new coronavirus infections is a global disaster that broke out in the middle of intense global competition, so dynamic balance between supply chain competitiveness and robustness/resilience, including quick switching between a competition-focused mode and a disaster-focused mode, is crucial. In this situation, certain factories with higher levels of deep-level competitiveness and anti-disaster robustness, strengthened historically by intense competition and major disasters in the past, may take central roles in enhancing the competitiveness and robustness of a firm’s global supply chain as a whole. We also discuss the future possibilities for rebalancing the supply chains of Japanese firms in Asia with the help of a triangular model consisting of Japan, China, and ASEAN countries.
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