Recently, tourism becomes the important policy in Japan. Therefore, it is necessary to examine effects of tourism not only quantitative effects to regional economy but also the qualitative effects such as the improvement of the local place attachment in future. In this study, we conducted surveys to verify how the tourism effect the stakeholder's place attachment as a case study of Niseko-Kucchan area.
The result showed that the exchanges with local residents had a significant positive effect on the place attachment of tourists. In addition, it was shown that the more active local residents did exchanges with their neighbors and participated in community action, the higher the place attachment of local residents was. It was also shown that the residents' attitude toward tourism was consist of four elements, “Landscape and Public peace”, “Culture and Tradition”, “Public facilities and Public service”, “Economy and Commercial activity”. It was shown that the residents' positive attitude toward tourism had positive effect on the preference to their place. But on the sustainment desire toward the residential place, the residents' positive attitude toward tourism had negative effect.

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In this study, we developed a forecast model using person trip data and commercial statistics data to analyze the effect of traffic demand to retail sales. According to the results of analysis, we found a positive correlation between "centralized traffic" and "commercial sales", in addition, the impact on retail sales differs depending on trip purpose and mode. Furthermore, we conducted a sensibility analysis to develop the forecast model. According to that analysis, we found that the retail sales are affected by changes of mode share.

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Most of the public transportation planning has not paid attention to travel fatigue enough, though it should be important in the ageing society. This study investigated the impact of travel fatigue on user's preference in travel mode choice through the WEB questionnaire and field experiments to find the optimal manner to promote the public transportation. First, we analysed the preference structure of travel mode choice, where travelers were assumed to consider travel time, fare and travel fatigue as the factors of travel mode choice, by applying AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). It revealed that travelers significantly considered the travel fatigue in travel mode choice and this tendency got clearer in the elder travelers. Then, to make clear how travelers feel travel fatigue, the field experiments, where the relationship between the objective travel fatigue and the physical load was analysed. For the objective part, an experiment was designed to measure travelers' energy expenditure rates using a heart rate monitor while walking on level ground, going up and down stairs, and while riding on a bus and subway. For the subjective part, free modulus magnitude estimation (FMME) was used to investigate travelers' subjective perceptions of fatigue while traveling. As a result of comparison, it was revealed that travel fatigue during riding on a bus and a subway is estimated larger than walking on level ground and going down stairs. It was also revealed that travel fatigue during riding on bus is estimated larger than riding on subway.

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In order to explore transportation-related actions that can be taken in response to falling birthrates, the present study investigates the characteristic travel behavior of women who have an infant or toddler. Data from the 4th Person Trip Survey in the Northern Kyushu Region was used for analysis. The female subjects were classified into three groups: 1) women with an infant, 2) women with a toddler, and 3) women with an elementary school age child, an older child, or no children. The three groups were compared to determine what percentage of the subjects made at least one trip per day, the average number of trips per person per day, the typical mode of transportation, the distance of the trips, and the duration of the trips. The results revealed statistically significant differences among the three groups. Specifically, women with an infant or toddler were less likely to use public transportation, and exhibited a higher dependency on private vehicle. Furthermore, with regard to how the subjects selected the mode of transportation, a parameter estimation was obtained by using a disaggregate logit model. This also indicated that women with an infant or toddler show a stronger dependence on their private vehicle than those without an infant or toddler.

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Bus-trigger system is a scheme that bus operation companies and users aim for an improvement in both bus services and the number of passengers by neutral consent. The first aim of this study is to design and conduct a stated preference survey in laboratory using Web and to estimate an individual discrete choice model with social interactions effects for Bus-trigger system. After an aggregated behavioral outcomes and the target index are introduced, the effectiveness of Bus-trigger contract criterion based on the balance ratio is investigated.

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Many studies of the development, on-road compatibility, and market potential of personal mobility vehicles have been conducted in recent years. The focus has shifted toward understanding the social ac-ceptability of personal mobility vehicles by the general public, which is a key success factor in the future introduction and implementation of these vehicles. Using survey data collected from 124 respondents in the city of Toyota, where a social trial was conducted in 2010, this study empirically explores basic atti-tudes of the general public toward self-balancing two-wheeled vehicles and differences in acceptability before and after experience with the vehicle. An experimental group and a control group, each with 62 respondents, with and without vehicle experience, respectively were interviewed. Potential uses of these vehicles include tourism and excursions, short-distance trips in the downtown area, and moving around inside buildings. The survey results also indicate that usage intentions pertaining to access between des-tinations and train stations or bus stops and for business travel in urban areas are significantly reduced after vehicle experience. Causal relationships of acceptability-attitude-belief regarding self-balancing two-wheeled vehicles are assumed in this study. Beliefs are measured using a 5-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from very bad/unlikely to very good/likely reflecting respondents' thoughts about the vehicle. The empirical results indicate that belief scores increase after vehicle experience. Specifically, compared to the control group, the respondents in the experimental group believed that the vehicle was significantly more useful in buildings and more harmonious both inside buildings and on roads as well as rated the design and size of the vehicle higher. Causal relationships of the acceptability-attitude-belief of the vehicle are identified using structural equation modeling.

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It is the matter for achievement of the low carbon transport system that the excessive use of private vehicles can be controlled appropriately or not. It is aimed in the study that the structure of decision making process for modal shift to the eco-commuting mode in the local city is described considering with environmental consciousness and social interaction. Therefore, the intention of modal shift for the commuting mode is analyzed with the questionnaire survey data for the company employees at the suburban area in the local city. It can be found out that the environmental consciousness is not statistically significant for commuting mode choice with the present poor level of service of public transport. However, the intention of self-sacrifice for the prevention of the global warming is statistically confirmed as the factor of modal shift with the operation of eco-commuting bus service with the RP/SP model. On the other hand, it can be confirmed with the structural equation model that the individual environmental consciousness is strongly related with the intention of self-sacrifice and is influenced with the local interaction of the individual connections.

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It is necessary to understand the traffic demand (OD traffic volume) at the time of congestion in the urban area in order to do the congestion easing and the transportation demand management. So far, in order to grasp the traffic demand, the observation of license plate primarily has been used, but the observer's safety management was a problem. In this study, the OD traffic volume by the aerial video filming of the helicopter that did not need the investigators in the investigation site was observed, and the feature of this survey method was arranged.
Moreover, a lot of estimation methods of the OD traffic volume at the time of congestion have been researched so far. In this study, after the statical estimation of the OD traffic volume at the time of congestion by the existing OD traffic volume estimation technique, the applicability to dynamic analysis of a statical method of OD traffic volume estimation is verified with using the traffic micro simulation that is used in various dynamic analysis recently.

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The global warming problem by greenhouse gas emission has become more serious. Also in the transportation section, construction of the sustainable transportation system in environment has been an important subject. Not only improvement of service level of modes except private vehicle, but also consciousness for environmental problem of individual trip maker is important for eco-commuting promotion. Eco-consciousness would be changed by influence of other person. The multi agent simulation system for planning of eco-commuting promotion is developed with social interaction model for eco consciousness in the study. Modal shift is modeled by considering the result of a transport social experiment for ecocommuting as reference. Influence of promotion plan such as improvement of service level of public transport, promotion of individual eco consciousness and strengthening interaction of individuals can be analyzed with the proposed model. Finally, it can be concluded that the proposed multi agent simulation with social interaction for eco-consciousness is useful for planning of eco-commuting promotion.

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It is well known that population density affects car ownership and its use. However, its extent is not clear enough. This paper analyzed the population density elasticity with respect to car ownership and usage taking individual's environmental attitude which I estimate from the stated preference data such as against public transport and government transport policies, into account to avoid so-called omitted variable bias. I showed that environmental attitude affected car ownership and its use and that population density elasticities with respect to car ownership and usage were decreased when considering environmental attitudes.

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As the falling birthrate and the aging population, increasing suburban shopping malls, urban area is on a cavitations phenomenon. In order to solve the problem, a lot of countermeasures like digging up concealed spots by local residents, transmitting information about sightseeing, are worked on positively for local revitalization.
In all of the countermeasures, “Pedestrian ITS (Intelligent Transport System)” is in a center of attention to deliver information for sightseeing,
Recently, wide variety town navigation systems are adopted in each place. However, most of them aren't done well for themselves because their operations are stopped soon after management is started. External factor bring down the problems and contents doesn't attend to user's needs are causes of that difficulties.
In this study, we clear up the causes of that and modeling of sightseeing spot choices required for user recommendation system.

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The usage of expressways in Keihanshin area by freight carrying vehicles is examined by processing the probe data which was gathered for two weeks and from 300 vehicles. It is confirmed that the travel velocity is significantly affected by the usage of experessways which increases as the trip length increases. Case study on trips which depart from Osaka port area is examinded and the results show that the expressways play a major role in obtaining mODerately high speed in most of trip directions with an exception of east-bound trip direction of straight trip length of from 10 to 20km region. The slow velocity toward this region is due to the existene of so-called missing link in Keihanshin area.

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As a basic step to consider the planning of school commuting roads based on CPTED, this study pro-poses a model to describe the relationship between the crimes targeting school children and the influence factors given to them. Since the most of these crimes belongs to the opportunity crime, this model is based on the hypothesis that the encounter with target and environmental factors around the school-commuting roads influence criminals.
As the result of the application to actual situations, the model provided reasonable predictions for dis-tribution of likelihood of crime incidence according to the distance from school. In addition, we can quan-tify the influence of the encounter with the target and environmental factors given to the criminals.

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Promotion of inbound tourism is an important issue in Japan. Under the agenda set by Japan Tourism Agency, the number of inbound tourists is expected to increase up to 15 millions by their target year 2013. In recent years, the number of Chinese inbound tourists has been significantly growing and China is a major target for inbound tourism promotion in Japan. However, there is insufficient number of quantitative studies on behavior analysis of Chinese tourists and their recent behavior changes have not been shown. This study aims to find a suggestion for appropriate utilization of nationwide survey data through giving quantitative time-series analysis in Chinese tourist's destination choices. It shows the differences and changes in destination choices and its multiplicities in each region in China to reveal the current trends of their tourism behaviors in Japan.

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Analysing pedestrian behaviour is important for better design of facility, evacuation planning and so on. In this study, we propose an econometric based pedestrians' walking behaviour model. In real situations, it is only possible to observe pedestrians' trajectories and their final choice results on destination (e.g. the ticket gate they actually chosen) and the targeted destination en route are latent and unobservable. To reflect this fact Plan-Action Model has been extensively utilised by assuming destination choice as a decision at plan level and walking at action level. The latent plans (destination) by pedestrians may dynamically change subject to environment and it further leads to the dynamical and structural change in their action choices (walking trajectories). The parameter calibration result indicates that the proposed model fits the real data much better than the simple model of walking behaviour. Finally, a pedestrian simulator is implemented and tested for evaluating pedestrian movements.

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Passenger cars are major source of CO₂ emission in Japan. The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) would contribute to CO₂ reduction. The purpose of this study is to clarify the promoting factors of EVs, and to propose effective EVs promoting policies. A questionnaire survey in Tottori Prefecture was conducted through a Web survey. The collected data was analyzed by using a new vehicle-type choice model, which can consider social conformity, the choice set forming, and heterogeneities in their preference. The estimated model gave an empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed model. Moreover, the estimation results concerning the membership probability clarified that household characteristics were significant factors to explain inter-personal heterogeneity. Social conformity was significant not only for the choice set forming, but also for the vehicle-type choice.

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This paper proposes an evaluation method of the travel time reliability of public transportation network. The method uses a transit assignment model incorporating the capacity constraints and the correlation of the vehicles, where passengers are firstly assigned to a network with the norm of expected waiting time and then travel time reliability is evaluated using the expected waiting time from the output of the model. Since the travel times between stops are assumed to be constant, the sources of fluctuations of the travel time in this study are the waiting times at the stop which depend on the congestion and the correlation among vehicles. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a toy network to demonstrate how the overcapacity and the correlation of vehicles affect travel time reliability.

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In this study, we tried to find out both the advantages and disadvantages of relinquishing their driver's license focusing on their residential area in accordance with the survey taken by those who have relinquished their driver's license in Okayama. As showed below, several opinions have been discovered.
1, It is inconvenient for those who had been driving a car to being unable to move freely after the relinquishment. 2, It is inconvenient for those who hadn't been driving a car to being unable to have their identification card after the relinquishment. Also, 3, There are more people who have trouble not having driver's license in suburban and mountainous areas than urban area. 4, The reasons of the trouble differ depending on the area that people live. For example, people who live in urban area feel it is hard to go to hospital for such a long distance. On the other hand, people who live in suburban and mountainous area feel it is inconvenient to go shopping and being unable to use public transportation.

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This research firstly proposes a model to predict bus arrival time based on signal database and image processing sensor. Applying the prediction model to specific scenarios with different bus priority levels, the research makes a comparison among bus priority strategies. These priority strategies include bus signal priority strategy with timing techniques of early green or green extension; bus preemption strategy with exclusive lanes; and bus preemption strategy without exclusive lanes. The comparison's results show that the increases of bus priority level can improve the service level of buses significantly, which can make the bus turn-delays at the intersection reduce by up to 100% compared with that of the normal base case. However, high priority levels for buses may negatively affect non-bus vehicles at the intersection, causing an increase in the turn delay of non-bus vehicles, by up to 94.2% for the preemption strategy with exclusive lanes. The bus priority level not only shapes the specific characteristics of bus trajectory as well as impacts on vehicle travel times in the main and side streets but also figures out the role of bus occupancy in the intersection performance.

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Traffic incidents such as traffic accident sometimes bring severe congestion in urban expressway networks. Providing traffic incident information to drivers becomes important for keeping the level of service in urban expressway networks. The traffic information will help drivers' route choice behaviour, and mitigate the impacts of the incidents. The purpose of this study is to show driver's route choice behaviour when traffic incident information is provided on the VMS in urban expressway networks. SP (Statedpreference) survey is conducted to observe travelers' behaviour when travelers get the incident information on the urban expressway. The survey is combined with PP (Probe Person) survey in order to let respondents easily respond the questionnaire about the non-recurrent incident. The result of the survey shows that incident information affects drivers' route choice. Behavioural differences caused by the type of impact indices of the incident congestion are quantitatively represented.

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There are numerous route alternatives on a large-scale network, most of which are overlapping. In general, we cannot enumerate all route alternatives because of numerous number of alternative routes. Thus, it is difficult to estimate route choice parameters on a large-scale network. In this study, we propose a maximum likelihood method of estimating route choice parameters on a link-basis without enumerating route choice alternatives, using the path size logit model that considers path overlapping.

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A concept of the functionally hierarchical road network has been recognized with the purpose to provide the required service for road of each class. Especially in Japan, practical use of this concept has been intensively discussed from the viewpoint of both mobility improvement of arterial roads and traffic calming in local streets. However, the impact of junctions, which is regarded as a key issue of the hierarchical road network, has not been quantitatively evaluated with the performance of individual roads and further the entire network at planning stage. Therefore, in this paper, a methodology to evaluate the impacts of junction types on the performance of the network is developed by considering junction delay into user equilibrium assignment. By applying it, case studies with hypothetical grid network showed that reduction in junction delays at arterial roads is significant to realize hierarchical road network; and if it is achieved, traffic calming in local roads can also effectively work.

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U-turn movement at the midblock median opening is primarily based on gap acceptance process. This research investigated the factors affecting the u-turn decision of the drivers and evaluated the statistical significance and influence levels of each factor. The u-turn decision prediction model had been developed after finalizing the significant factors. The field data was collected at 3 u-turn locations on an urban arterial in Bangkok, Thailand. The u-turning vehicles in the study included car, taxi, and pick-up, which the passenger car equivalent (PCE) equal to 1. The binary logistic regression technique was employed in the data analysis and model development. From the considered eight factors, gap size, speed of conflicting vehicle, and wait time at the front position of the queue were statistically significant at the confidence interval of 95%. In this study, the effects of wait time and queue time were separately examined. It was interesting to found that the queue time did not significantly affect the u-turn decision. The developed decision model, which explanatory variables included gap size, conflicting speed, and wait time, could predict the u-turn decision well with the percentage correctness of more than 85%.

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This study aims to determine an appropriate method for modal choice in the urban area. In our research fields, we usually use disaggregate behavioural models for modal choice analysis. The random forest method as ensemble learning technique is applied to describe the decision mechanism in the travel behaviour. As the result of this study, it is confirmed that ensemble learning method is more effective than other conventional methods.

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The purpose of this study is to show the effects and benefit of the travel time reliability information for travellers on urban expressway. This study investigates how the travel time information and its reliability information affect travellers' departure time choice behaviour and reduction of travel costs. In order to deal with effects of information on variability of travel time, this study describes travellers' departure time choice behaviour as the scheduling approach based on the expected utility model. SP survey using the Web based survey system is conducted to the Hanshin Expressway in Japan. Drivers' preferences of departure time choices are obtained when the travel time and its reliability information are provided. Characteristics of departure time choice when the information is provided to the travellers are analysed by using the proposed model. The results show that the reliability information is preferable for the travellers. The reliability information contributes to improve travel cost when the standard deviation of the variability of travel time is more than 10 minutes.

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Day-to-day dynamics of a transportation network and its stability are deeply related each other, and studying them are very important in view of traffic management or control. There are many previous studies, but the fundamental questions on network equilibrium stability have not been solved and we need more studies on what are factors related to the stability. In this paper, we formulate a difference equation model of day-to-day dynamics of the simple network, which is comparable to the previous studies. Then, we make an analysis of day-to-day dynamics or stability of network equilibrium flow, and compare it with those of the previous studies. This enable us deepen the understanding of network equilibrium flow stability.

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We study a variant of the undirected Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP). This problem is motivated from debris collection operation after disaster. In this study, the sequences in visiting and servicing arcs are very important. It is because one section may block other sections. Only adjacent arcs can be connected with each other, while for distant arcs there may be no way to be connected before removing the blocked access first. The debris collection operation after disaster is a new CARP problem and not much research has been done in this topic. The uniqueness of this kind of CARP problem is due to the limited access from one section to the other, as a result of the blocked access by debris. Therefore a modification in classical CARP is required to solve this kind of problem. It is executed by adding a new constraint, which is mentioned in this study as possibility access constraint. This constraint sets whether a vehicle can possibly move from one node to another in a particular structure, or not. We tested our model on small problem instances and proposed a tabu search metaheuristics to solve the problem. In the problem instances, besides a single depot as the route starting point as well as the final destination point after all required arcs are completely serviced, intermediate depots can also be considered which serve as vehicles destination points to empty the load. Multi-vehicles operation is also applied in problem instances because operating more than one vehicle which starts simultaneously and with different routes can definitely decrease total required time, particularly in case of operation with time restriction.

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The number of traffic accidents between bicycle and pedestrian has increased in these years, and the cases where a large amount of compensation was claimed to bicyclist are also increasing. Thus, more significant safety measures are required. In order to examine desirable insurance system, current insurance system for bicycle accidents especially liability insurance are investigated. Also, attitudinal survey of bicyclists towards liability insurance are carried out. The results suggest that subscription rate of liability insurance is low, and that insurance companies have withdrawn from the market recently. The results also suggest that the lack of knowledge on the liability insurance and the bias in risk perception of bicycle accidents may be the reasons for the low subscription rate of the liability insurance.

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Although motorization can contribute to mobility improvement in urban growth, the excessive level of it may cause some problems to the economy and the environment. One of the reasons why the levels of motorization vary by city is a difference in the development levels of public transport infrastructure, particularly urban railway, as an alternative mode to cars. This study is aimed at quantitatively capturing the impact of early-stage railway development on calming motorization growth. First, the impacts of railway and road development on urban density and car ownership are modeled, taking account of development timing, using the panel data of Japan's large cities over their motorization period. Then, the model is applied to mega-cities in Asian developing countries to estimate the long-term impacts of early-stage railway development, late-stage railway development and no railway development. The results showed how effective early-stage railway development is in Asian mega-cities.

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In order to realize environment-friendly and vigorous urban space, a transport system not depending too much on cars plays more important role. Here, transportation measures for pedestrians must be indispensable. Continuous pedestrian space is important for a safe and comfortable pedestrian traffic system. This study investigates pedestrian space from a view point of pedestrian's circulation potential, analyzing the effects of the setback line for building construction in Semba district, Osaka Japan. The setback line for building construction policy was not introduced in order to expand pedestrian space, but the policy has a possibility to improve pedestrian circulation movements in the district. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of the space produced by the Semba construction setback line, and considers effective use of the setback space.

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This study analyzes the impact of foldable containers on cost savings in empty container relocation over the hinterland transport of seaports. Folding empty containers to be bundled in one trip offers opportunities to save distribution costs in container drayage in the hinterland. We model empty container relocation by trucks as a vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery to optimize the number and the trip distance of trucks. Numerical experiments are carried out with serious empty container repositioning scenarios that are caused by extreme imbalanced trades. The study finds that foldable containers can significantly reduce the number and the trip distance of trucks compared to standard containers and hence will result in substantial cost savings.

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With the continual decrease in the bus users due to the rapid motorization, a large number of bus routes have been disused in many local regions, and it reduce the mobility especially for the elderly persons. Therefore, many local governments have considered the introduction of the Demand Responsive Transport (DRT). The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive method of DRT user in order to reduce the error between actual and predicted value. As the result of research, it is obvious that the DRT user would be increased by infiltration of operating information. And convenient forecasting model was proposed in case of high correlation between the population of women over age 70 and the DRT user.

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As Asian developing countries become more responsible for CO₂ emissions from the transport sector according to their rapid economic growth, they are increasingly required to draw roadmaps for realizing new low-carbon transport systems to decouple emission growth with economic growth. Such transport systems need to actively introduce advanced technologies and strong intervention of land-use transport planning in a leapfrog manner. Accordingly, it is important to identify a policy package and its implementation process to develop a desirable low-carbon transport system for Asian developing cities with a backcasting approach. This study is aimed at proposing the approach to designing Asian low-carbon transport systems to meet the target of CO₂ mitigation with 3 transport strategies to AOVID unnecessary travel demand, to SHIFT travel to lower-carbon modes, and to IMPROVE transport technologies for less intensity of transport-oriented emission.

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In Japan, there are huge number of bicycles and little length of bicycle facilities. In 2009 and 2010, the model projects of developing bicycle facilities on carriageways were conducted, but 75% of those facilities were on sidewalks. It is pointed out that a reason of the lack in bicycling space is probably absence of bicycle transport planning scheme, but on the contrary, in recent years, some municipalities begin to develop the bicycle network plan. In this study, we conducted interview survey at 17 cities where are active in the area of bicycle transport in Japan, and revealed the objectives, scheme, and problems in planmaking.
As the result, it was revealed that some of the people in charge of bicycle transport can't break away from the traditional rules of cycling on sidewalks and the facilities which are new developed are not match the ready-made facilities. In addition, it is needed that information about the facility design guideline and the case examples by the national government and the financial support at the planning phase.

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In recent years, bicycle use as urban transport mode is reconsidered and modal shift from vehicle use to bicycle use is expected for reduction of environmental load on vehicle use. Generally, it is known that travel time of bicycle use is expected to be shortest if trip distance is less than 5 km and it is a valid trip distance for bicycle use promotion. However, estimation of the valid trip distance is based on the service level of each transport mode in inner area of large cities. It is considered to be different in local cities and its suburban areas because service level of each transport mode is different with inner area of large cities. In this research, valid trip distances for bicycle use promotion in local cities and its suburban areas are estimated and compared in three areas, Nakagyo Ward in Kyoto City, Muko City in Kyoto Prefecture, and Kusatsu City in Shiga Prefecture.

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Recently in Japan, personal compact transports are remarkably diversifying by reason of social changes such as the needs for high mobility, aged society, and environmental problems. The characteristics are electrification and miniaturization. Then some transports are nearly same in size, performance, and form, though those legal positioning is different. So it is difficult to distinguish the similar modes.
This paper grasps the tendency of the diversification and traffic problems on road and depicts the points for the compatibility of the transports on the road.

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Commuters' returning home behavior at disaster in Chukyo metropolitan area is investigated by using traffic simulation. Disaster prevention manual by the Government suggests to return home on foot, but it is expected that many people are unable to walk home because of long distance to home as in Tokyo metropolitan area. Car share in Chukyo area is higher than that in Tokyo area, so the effect of car use should be more carefully considered in the former area. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of the car use by simulating the traffic conditions when the car use is allowed at the disaster. The estimation results suggest that more people can return home if the car use is allowed but it causes a severe traffic jam potentially preventing rescue traffic.

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Although various kinds of signage for bicycles have been adopted in trial projects to improve bicycle friendly street environment in Japan, it is not enough to consider the visibility for cyclists in many cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate bicycle signage type and propose the principle of the arrangement, by analyzing the characteristics of eye fixation to in bicycling. As results, the side mounted or overhead sign is gazed form long distance and is appropriate to set at junctions. The post sign is noticed from a distance, recognized from near and is appropriate to set at start point of street sections. The fixation rate of road surface markings becomes higher in approaching. Road surface marking has good evaluation in visibility and is appropriate to be installed at intervals along the cycling space.

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Personal Transporter such as Segway is expected as a new individual regional transport mode. It has already started to use in private road and area in Japan as well, but not public street and road because of its safety issue. Therefore it is required to evaluate the impact of PTs on the safety in the situation that PTs and other transportation mode are mixed. However, there is no data and method to evaluate the safety in case Personal Transporter is introduced on the road due to the lack of the knowledge about the running characteristics of such vehicles. This paper therefore analyzes fundamental characteristics of Segway's running behavior through the test course experiment, in particular, considering the difference in the experience of using Segway. Trajectory data of Segway was collected for 14 male subjects, and running situation were assumed to be five running scenes which are acceleration, deceleration, rotating by slalom running, overtaking and passing with pedestrian and urgent stopping. Though the experiment results focusing on the experiments level of Segway riding, there is difference tendency between beginners and experiencer that deceleration and rotating behavior since experiencer could smoothly decrease and small variance of rotating angle of traverse during their slalom test. On the other hand, beginners tends to make jerky movements when they need to achieve a balance safely stands on Segway. For the urgent stopping, the experiments shows there is not much difference by the experience, but it indicated similarity of Segway with stopping behavior of Bicycle. These results are expected to be useful information for designing Segway training scheme and evaluating Segway running road and its rule using microscopic traffic simulation.

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Currently, road network improvement projects are independently evaluated by using the cost-benefit ratio which is calculated under a static network, referring to ‘Cost-Benefit Analysis Manual’ published by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). However, the road improvement project should be dynamically evaluated by considering network externality caused by the order of individual project implementation. This study proposes a dynamic evaluation model for road network improvement that enables to endogenously determine an effective combination and priority of projects. Through a case study, an effectiveness of the proposed model is confirmed.

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PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle is a widespread application as a quality management tool in various areas. However, the truly understanding PDCA is often neglected and this leads to a decrease in its ridership, especially in bus service. Thus, the objectives of this study are to define an ideal PDCA cycle and to verify the utility of the cycle which is applied to bus route service in Hidaka City, Saitama Prefecture. In addition, the efficiency of the PDCA has been considered. As results from our study, it is to confirm that when improving the service, not only user's satisfaction level is increased but also the ridership get improved caused by responses from potential demand.

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Local public transport plan is formulated all over the country after the bus deregulation in 2002. It is important to notice the opportunity of activity instead of activity needs in local public transport planning. It is also important that residents choose the combination of the opportunity of activity secured by the public transport service and payment for it. Based on the idea, we have proposed the framework of local public transport planning, but there are still few examples actually planned according to its scheme.
In such a situation, local public transport plan of Ikoma was formulated in accordance with the meaning our proposal. It is provided the contents used as a future indicator.
In this paper, we consider the meaning of the local public transport plan and the usefulness of the framework through a case study.

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Currently it is necessary for the local government to develop local transport plan. In early stage of planning, the potential ridership of public transport service is needed to assess the sustainability and the adequateness of the service level. For the practitioners in the local governments, simple methods based on four arithmetic operations to estimate the potential ridership are helpful. In this study, the unit value of the potential ridership for is estimated. The estimated value is tested with many cities and municipalities so as to verify its usefulness and validness.

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This study aims to discuss the characteristics and analysis method of free answers in a questionnaire survey in comparison with precode data and free answers analyzed by a morphological analysis, one of the language processing techniques for text data acquired from free answers. As a test sample, a questionnaire survey on the preferences of tram users is used. Next, the usefulness and problem of applying morphological analysis are discussed by performing the appearance frequency analysis of extracted words and co-occurrence network analysis that employs the Jaccard coefficient. Furthermore, free answers are quantified for all groups, classified on the basis of frequency of use, age, and gender, and their characteristics are clarified.

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Since transport is derived demand, it is important to evaluate how easy to obtain activities by using public transport. We have built the accessibility index which shows the acquisition level of the opportunity of activity.
The index is supposed that everyone can use public transport service. Therefore, the index is not able to explain that people who have restrictions in physical function cannot obtain the opportunity of activity sufficiently. Then, we integrated the index of the ease of public transport use and the research which evaluated the influence of a physical function on a walk of a slope, and we developed a new index that evaluated the ease of acquisition of the opportunity of activity considered physical function. And we carried out the case study in the steep area, and showed the usefulness of the new index.

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Recently, several researches showed that riding bicycle has some health benefits in many countries. Riding bicycle in Japan also attracts people who have concerns about their health and environment while bicycle trip statistics showed that the average trip distance was much shorter than other countries. Under these condition, some bicycle transport planners focuses on the engineering property of bicycle network to realize health benefit effectively, but there is few researches describing the health effects on existent bicycle path conditions.
Therefore we conducted the preliminary experiment that 8 students ride on 3 courses representing urban road conditions with approx. 5km length including different types of bicycle path and traffic condition. During the experiment, heart rate was monitored as dependent variable. Before the experiment, expiratory gas analysis was conducted in laboratory which gives an indirect estimation of energy consumption using the relationship between the load strength of physical activity and energy consumption.
This study analyses the relationship between energy consumption rate and bicycle path conditions such as degree of gradient, interval of signals, and accumulation of physical tiredness using indirect energy consumption estimation method. It also investigated the effect of psychological pressures on heart rate caused by road or traffic conditions.

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The deregulation in aviation market in Japan have effected on major carriers cutting route from regional airports. Furthermore, the introduction of the environmental tax will accelerate the vicious circle such as boosting fares up, decreasing aviation demand and decreasing frequency. Then, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the introduction of environmental tax in intercity passenger transport sector in Japan, especially focused on aviation market, with the new analytic model based on the theory of monopolistic competition structuring the mechanism of vicious circle.

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This paper examines the response of collection systems to fluctuations in demand and exogenous collection amount. We consider a wholesaler, that collects used products through market (Market Collection System) or by itself directly (Direct Collection System). The amount of used product depends on life span of the product and consumer behavior. It is difficult for wholesaler to determine endogenously or forecast the amount of used product. And the more used product recycled by firms, the effect of market fluctuation to the collection amount will be stronger. We provide a model and found that the collection amount of the direct collection system become greater and more fluctuate than that of the market collection system. Furthermore, we reveal that the market collection system can achieve greater and more stable amount of collection, when the collection of used product become more lower because of effort of collector.

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This paper proposes a railway operation control strategy that prevents delay propagation in high-frequency railway systems. We first formulate a dynamical system of a train motion that includes two types of delay propagation models: one is a passenger boarding model at each station, and the other is a train-following model in each railway section between stations. We then introduce a feedback control method to maintain scheduled operation. It is proved that the dynamical system under the proposed method is asymptotically stable at some equilibrium states.

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Okhotsk electric vehicles society monitored electric vehicle twice in Eastern Hokkaido. And an important subject is the examination of charger facility location for electric vehicle by analysis of tourism behavior in wide area. From the inspection of putting in place the infrastructure for electric vehicles and the examination of a measure for effective using it.
This study examine setting up charger facility location for electric vehicle in Eastern Hokkaido by visualizing cruising range of electric vehicles and analyzing of tourism behavior. As a result setting charger facility location for electric vehicle for runnable range in Eastern Hokkaido and setting rapid charger facility location for electric vehicle in the order of ascending priorities.

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