Mucusomembrane inflammation is common during the treatment of oral cancer by radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and makes repeated application of these treatments difficult. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the gargle containing ELASE^® on alleviating this side effect.
Eleven patients of oral cancer (radiation therapy alone : 9 cases, radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy : 2 cases) were evaluated. 5 V of ELASE^® was dissolved in 500 ml of the T-Caine/wasser, the standard prescription at our hospital (1% T-caine solution : 2 ml, simple syrup : 5 ml, 0.01 % acrinol solution : 493 ml) . Following the initiation of anticancer treatment, when pain at the oral mucosa appeared, 100 ml of the above standard regimen with ELASE^® was given as gargle 4 to 5 times a day. The control group consisted of 11 patients treated with radiation therapy alone and gargle without ELASE^®. During the study period, both subjective (bad breath, dry sensation dysgeusia, and pain) and objective (redness, erosion, and fetor) symptoms were evaluated. In the control group, these symptoms were found to be aggravated or unchanged while in the ELASE^® gargle group, some patients demonstrated improvement in pain, erosion and fetor.

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It was previously reported that pocket irrigation in combination with mechanical debridements such as scaling and root planing could be a useful therapy for the improvement of gingival conditions of severe adult periodontitis. In this study, the effect of irrigation with dilute solution of an anti-inflammatory agent, Acess^® A solution, on gingival recession following pocket curettage was examined in patients with severe adult periodontitis. Pockets were irrigated with Acess^® A solution four times at one-week intervals by using a pulsating water-jet device, then changes in clinical parameters were evaluated in comparison with those of patients undergoing pocket curettage alone or irrigation in combination with pocked curettage for three months. As a result, irrigation as a supplement to pocket curettage tended to facilitate clinical improvements in comparison with pocket curettage alone. Especially, decrease of gingival recession and gain of clinical attachment level were significantly obtained by irrigation in combination with pocket curettage at least on a short term basis.
Therefore, it was concluded that irrigation with Acess^® A solution as a supplement to pocket curettage could enhance the prevention of gingival recession in the early stage of treatment of patients with severe adult periodontitis. Thus the pocket irrigation system in conjunction with mechanical debridement could be a useful therapy for severe adult periodontitis.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of low dose daily use of Roxythromycin (RXM) for chronic periodontal disease, and the effect on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) was discussed.
Five men and five women, with a mean age of 45.5 years (range 30-63), were the subjects in this study. RXM, a dosage of 150 mg once a day, was administered for two weeks. No other treatment and instruction were performed. Most clinical parameters, which are used to assess the degree of inflammation of periodontal tissues, had decreased significantly after the administration. Some causative bacteria remained in the gingival sulcus after administration. In the evaluation of the effect on PML function, there was no significant difference between before and after administration of RXM. It was considered that this reaction was favorable to the periodontal tissues as an anti-inflammatory factor.
Due to the results of this study, it was concluded that the use of RXM was effective for reducing the inflammatory reactions of chronic periodontal diseases. In addition, it was suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect was caused not only by the antibiotic effect but also by the immunological effect of RXM.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aqua-oxidized water (aow) for root surface demineralization on fibronectin adsorption. Root segments prepared from non-periodontally-diseased teeth were thoroughly planed to remove cementum, and were divided into 5 groups (control, aow dipping treatment, aow varnishing treatment, citric acid dipping treatment, citric acid varnishing treatment) . The morphology of the root surface following each treatment was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . Fibronectin adsorption was evaluated by quantitative analysis using ¹²⁵I Fibronectin.
The results were as follows :
1. SEM observation indicated that root surfaces of the control group formed a smear layer, whereas aow varnishing treatment and citric acid varnishing treatment removed the smear layer and exposed dentinal tubule. Aow varnishing treatment has effective root demineralization.
2. Aow varnishing treatment and citric acid varnishing treatment had a significant increase in fibronectin adsorption as compared with the control, but there was no significant difference among the 2 other groups.
These results suggested that root demineralization by aow root treatment is useful for clinical application of fibronectin in periodontal surgery.

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A case of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) following orthognathic surgery is described.
A 20-year-old male underwent sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism. Postoperative prophylaxis of antibacterial drugs, aspoxicillin (2g × 2/day for 2 days), cefminox (2 g × 2/day for 4 days), tosufloxacin (100mg × 3/day for 3 days) were administered. On the 9th postoperative day, this patient developed profuse diarrhea with vomitting, high fever, and sore throat. Cefminox (1g × 2/day) was administered for 4 more days, however, the symptoms were aggravated. On the 14th day, endoscopic examination of the large intestine was performed. Based on macroscopic findings, a diagnosis of PMC was made. Clostridium difficile was not found in the stool culture. The treatment was started immediately with oral vancomycin (500mg × 4/day for 14 days) . The symptoms were alleviated 6 days later by administering other antibiotics. This patient was discharged on the 25th day and remained well with no recurrence of PMC.

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Xerostomia can predispose dentate subjects to caries, which may be rampant and difficult to manage. In addition to the subjective complaints, the patient with salivary gland dysfunction is susceptible to increased oral pain, frequent infections, and difficulties in speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Management of xerostomia is difficult. Artificial replacement saliva and several drugs have been developed, but they are not wholly satisfactory to the patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of parasympathomimetic drugs on the salivary flow rate.
The four representative parasympathomimetic drugs were Pilocarpini Hydrochloridum, Bethanecholi Chloridum, Ambemonium Chloridum, and Neostigmini Bromidum. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected immediately before drug administration and then at 20-minute intervals for 3 hours. Subjects, six healthy male volunteers, took nothing by mouth for 2 hours before the experiment and did not eat until after the third hour of sampling. Parotid saliva was collected with a Carlson-Crittenden cup.
An increase in whole and parotid salivary flow were seen within 30 minutes following pilocarpine administration. This reached a maximum at 40 minutes and rapidly declined thereafter. The salivary flow approached baseline values within 3 hours. As for three other drugs, almost the same patterns were found, but there were some variations in time for attaining maximal flow rates. Maximal flow was at least 4 times greater following pilocarpine taking than the other drugs. In conclusion, pilocarpine was considered to be the most effective drug for increasing salivary flow.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of solid dispersions of pilocarpine hydrochloride (SPC) on the salivary flow rate. Solid dispersions, including pilocarpine hydrochloride: ethylcellulos : hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (1: 9 : 10 weight ratio), showed the best sustained release behavior in the dissolution test.
Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected immediately before drug administration at 30-minute intervals for 1 hour, and 1 hour intervals for 7 hours. Subjects, ten healthy male volunteers, took nothing by mouth for 2 hours before administration and did not eat until after the third hour of sampling. The data for the salivary flow rate was compared with that for the flow rate by unadjusted pilocarpine hydrochloride (control) .
SPC significantly increased the salivary flow rate in the subjects. An increased salivary flow was seen within 30 minutes after administration. The flow rate reached the maximum 3 hours after administration and then slowly declined for 5 hours. On the other hand, the control reached the maximum 40 minute after administration and rapidly declined for 2.5 hours. Three subjects in the control group reported an increased lachrymal flow, but there were no complaints in the SPC group. In conclusion, SPC was considered to be an effective drug as a sustained-release form of pilocarpine hydrochloride.

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The penetration of Piperacillin (PIPC) to the exudate and granulation tissue in carrageenin abscess of rats was examined on days 1 and 5 to investigate the relationship between antibiotic concentration in serum and inflammatory tissue. The results were as follows :
1. Cmax and AUC in the serum, exudate and granulation tissue increased by degrees according to increase of dosage, however, T1/2 was unchanged.
2. AUC in the serum was directly proportional to the dosage, however, the change of AUC in the granulation tissue and exudate was smaller than in the serum. AUC increased 1.5-fold in the granulation tissue and 1.3-fold in the exudate when the dosage was doubled.
3. AUC in the granulation tissue on day 1 was 2-fold higher than on day 5 for each dosage (20mg, 40mg, 80mg/kg i.v.) . AUC increased with the same proportion regardless of inflammatory stages as the dosage increased.
4. From the above results, the concentrations of the granulation tissue were almost the same as serum levels, but increase of the dosage was not reflected in the concentration of the granulation directly and T1/2 was unchanged. Therefore, it was thought that consideration of the administration intervals was important.

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