The term ‘probiotics’ is defined as ‘living microorganisms that exhibit beneficial effects for health based on improvement of balance of indigenous microbiota.’ Several strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and a certain yogurt are included in this definition. Probiotics have been developed for use in the prevention of intestinal infections, and the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and intestinal malfunction. Recently, the use of probiotics has come to exert a wide range of different effects such as the suppression of Helicobacter pylori, and the prevention of allergic disease. Moreover, evidence for the clinical effectiveness of probiotics has been reported in their use for the prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal diseases. For example, the administration of a dairy product containing L. rhamnosus appeared to reduce the risk of dental caries in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. This trial demonstrated reduced levels of dental caries and lower mutans streptococcal counts in probiotics patients after seven months of administration. From the viewpoint of periodontal diseases, it has been suggested that L. salivarius decrease the risk of periodontal disease by eliminating black-pigmented anaerobic rods (BPARs) which have been suspected of playing a role in periodontal disease. Yogurt may suppress the number of mutans streptococci in saliva and improve halitosis. However, there is little available information about the use of probiotics in dentistry. In addition, the role of indigenous Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on oral health, the adhesion of probiotics in the human oral cavity, and the mechanisms of probiotics against cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria have not been clarified. In this review, the authors would like to address the possible use and problem of probiotics in dentistry.

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A case of oral cancer at the mouth floor with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is reported. A 75-year-old male visited our department complaining of a tumor of the right mouth floor. Biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The preoperative laboratory data showed a platelet count of 5.1×10⁴/μL. He was diagnosed as ITP at the Blood Medicine Department in our hospital.
We planned tumor resection and right upper neck dissection. Before surgery, high-dose γ-globulin therapy (400mg/kg/day) was performed for five days. The platelet count increased to 14.9×10⁴/μL after 7 days from initial γ-globulin administration.
Surgery was performed successfully, and perioperative blood loss was 90 gr. After surgery, there was no abnormal bleeding, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Tumor recurrence was not observed for 1.5 years.
High-dose γ-globulin therapy appears to be a safe and useful method for the surgical treatment of ITP.

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アスピリンの鎮痛効果および解熱効果とサリチル酸血漿中濃度との相関性を検討する目的で, 家兎を用いて開口反射試験および発熱試験およびその時の血漿中濃度の測定を行った.開口反射試験を用いた鎮痛作用の場合, アスピリンの鎮痛効果はサリチル酸血漿中濃度に有意に依存していた.発熱性試験を用いた解熱作用の場合, アスピリンの解熱効果は血漿中濃度と有意な相関が認められたが, 解熱効果曲線下面積と血漿中薬物濃度曲線下面積にさらに強い相関が認められた.

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薬疹はびらん, 色素沈着, 紅斑丘疹, 毒麻疹, 固定薬疹などの軽症なものから, Stevens-Johnsonsyndromeや中毒性表皮壊死融解症 (Lyellsyndrome) のような重症型まで種々である.
重症型薬疹は口腔粘膜, 皮膚以外の臓器に重篤な後遺症を残すことがあるため, 早期診断早期治療が必要である.診断で最も重要なことは重症型の薬疹はどれであるかを明確に把握すること, どのような薬疹が重症型に移行するかを見逃さないことである.自験例から, 全身症状を伴う薬疹, 口腔粘膜のびらんが口唇の粘膜皮膚移行部を越えて拡大する場合, 皮膚の紅斑が急速に癒合拡大する場合には重症型に移行する可能性が高いと考えられた.治療は疑わしい薬剤を含め原因薬剤の投与を直ちに中止し, ステロイドの大量療法を行う.

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