We investigated the release behavior of dental drugs by dissolution test in artificial saliva. This knowledge is impotant for judging their medical effects.
The commercial dental drugs studied were nine kinds of troches, five kinds of ointments, four kinds of dental corns and a few others. The dissolution test was modified from the paddle method of JPXI. The dissolution solutions used both artificial saliva I (I) of only inorganic salts and artificial saliva II (II) with inorganic salts and CMC-Na.
The 50% dissolution time of troches at I was 5 min-more than 120min and we found large differences among each of the brands. The dissolution of dental ointments at I could not be observed except for Periocline^® and showed the greatest rate of 60% at II. All dental corns were dissolved completely within 30 min at I.

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We used spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) to study the effects of calcium channel blockers diltiazem and nicardipine on the sympathetic nervous activity.
Energy in the low-frequency range (0.04 to 0.12Hz) in supine position was used as a quantitative index of sympathetic nervous activity.
Ten male patients were studied. Four patients were received diltiazem 10mg ; six patients were received nicardipine 0.5mg. HRV and arterial blood pressure were recorded 10 min before injection and 10 min after injection.
The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were both reduced after injection of either drugs. Diltiazem significantly reduced low-frequency range, but nicardipine revealed no obvious changes. There results suggest that diltiazem may reduce sympathetic nervous activity.

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The analgesic effect of ampiroxicam on postoperative pain after removal of the lower impacted wisdom tooth was clinically evaluated by a double blind test with indomethacin. After a 27 mg dose of ampiroxicam was confirmed to be sufficient to relieve the postoperative pain in a preliminary study, the clinical effect of a 27mg dose of ampiroxicam given in 153 cases (APM group) was compared to that of a 25mg dose of indomethacin in 152 cases (IND group) . The results were as follows :
1) 22 of the 29 cases in the preliminary test and 227 of the total 305 cases in the double blind test needed analgesics after extraction of the lower impacted wisdom tooth.
2) The preliminary study showed that 27mg of ampiroxicam was clinically sufficient to relieve postoperative pain after extraction of the lower impacted wisdom tooth.
3) The double blind test revealed that the pain was markedly relieved in 10.9% of the APM group and 12.0% of the IND group and over moderately in 69.1% of the APM group and 55.6% of the IND group. The analgesic effect was higher in the APM group than in the IND group although both analgesics controlled pain well.
4) Side effects were observed in only two cases. One was skin eruption in the preliminary APM's study and the other was slight vomiting in the IND group.
5) The usefulness of analgesics as assessed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons was higher in the APM group than in the IND group. The “markedly useful” rating was 11.8% in the APM group and 12.0% in the IND group, and the over “useful” rating was 70.0% in the APM group and 56.5% in the IND group.
6) These results indicate that the administration of 27mg of ampiroxicam will be useful in relieving postoperative pain after extraction of the impacted lower wisdom tooth.

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An evaluation of TSG-88, which contains soluble azulene (sodium azulene sulfonate), cetyl pyridinium chloride and alminium chlorohydroxyallantoinate and is prepared for patient home use to improve periodontal disease, was performed in a clinical application for 64 patients with symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis, who consisted of 31 maled and 33 females aged 15 to 65 years.
All patients offered the therapy of TSG-88 were checked clinicaly an improvement on symptoms and participated the quetionarie.
14 cases were scored by means of Gingival Index and Bleeding Index.
The results obtained were as follows.
1) The improvement on symptoms was obviously observed in 80.8% of gingivitis patients and 74.2% of periodontitis patients.
2) Bleeding and pus exudation were significantly improved and their efficiency was show on Gingival Index and Bleeding Index.
3) No side effect was observed among all cases employed.
4) 96.0% of all patients didn't feel discomfort when TSG-88 was applied into oral cavity.
Consequently, it was suggested that the application of TSG-88 on gingival tissue by patient is effective as a part of periodontal treatment.

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To evaluate the analgesic effect of CN-100, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, we conducted a double blind clinical study comparing the efficacy of CN-100 (CN) with that of mefenamic acid (MA) on pain after the extraction of impacted wisdom tooth of the mandible and the following results were obtained:
1) There were 140 participants, with 139 cases included in the evaluation of effectiveness and usefulness, consisting of 65 cases in the CN group and 74 cases in the MA group. In the safety evaluation, 70 cases in the CN group and 79 cases in the MA group were included.
2) The rats of “Excellent” efficacy and “Good” or better efficacy as shown by patients' impressions and investigators' judgment were slightly higher in the CN group than in the MA group, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups.
3) The efficacy rates on the evaluation items shown according to the Criteria of the Committee in the CN group were equivalent or slightly superior to those in the MA group, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups.
4) No adverse reaction was observed in either group.
5) In total, the results suggested that CN-100 has an excellent analgesic effect for pain relief after tooth extraction and is highly safe, and therefore CN-100 has been considered to be a useful agent.

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In daily clinical practice, antacids have been shown to affect and for interfere with the absorption of antimicrobial agents in many cases. Since Lenampicillin is often used for infection in oral surgery, it is very impotant to study the effects of antacids on Lenampicillin's absorption.
It appears that there is no significance difference of Cmax and AUC of the group given Lenampicillin and the group given Lenampicillin plus antacids. There also seems to be no difference in blood concentration between the two groups, which means that the absorption of Lenampicillin is not affected even by antacids in combined dosage.

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Fleroxacin (FLRX), an oral antimicrobial agent of a new quinolone derivative, was evaluated clinically and bacteriologically in 90 cases with oral infections such as periodontitis, pericoronitis and osteitis of the jaw.
A dose level of 200.300mg once daily was used, and the following results were obtained.
1) The clinical efficacy rats was 90.0 % according to the numerical rating on the 3rd day of treatment, and 88.9 % by the judgement of the doctors in charge.
2) Side effects were obtained in four cases (4.2 %), however, the symptoms were not serious.
Abnormal changes of laboratory findings were noted in three cases, but these were not serious.
3) A total of 101 strains were isolated from the pus of abscesses, of which 53 strains (52.5 %) were anaerobes, indicating the important role of anaerobes in oral infections.

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Clincal evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone was carried out in 10 cases of osteitis of jaw and in 8cases of cellulitis.
1. The clinical efficacy rate was 77.8 % according to the evaluation score on the 3rd day of treatment, and 72.2 % by the doctor's judgement.
2. Of 14 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 11 (78.6 %) were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ.
3. MICs of SBT/CPZ against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were low, and SBT/CPZ resistant strains were not found.
4. As for side effects, they were moderate-some diarrhea appeared in one case. Abnormal findings in the hepatic function test were noted in 3 cases, but the changes were not clinically important.
5. These results indicate the usefulness of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the treatment of odontogenic infections.

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CA-1 is an important home remedy for gingivitis when applied to the month and gums when brushing.
Recently in order to promote brushing with an appropriate denifrice among children several studies have been made at the source.
Just recently, Sato Seiyaku Co., Ltd. presented the“CA-1”after performing an investigation into its clinical effects as a children's gingivitis manage agent.
The findings were as follows :
1. Of the total 81 cases, there were 32 males and 49 females. Their ages ranged from 6 to 14.
2. This agent tested at 76.5% efficacy.
3. This agent is quiet effective against gingivitis, especially for reducing inflammation and stopping bleeding and the feeling of adhesion.
4. The rate of usefulness, for both“very useful”and“useful”cases, was as high as 77.8%.
5. There appear to be no side effects.

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