As to the prevention of transient bacteremia after tooth extraction, the efficacy of three carbapenem antibiotics, imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/ CS), panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), and meropenem (MEPM) were examined. Healthy patients who required tooth extraction, curettage of odontogenic cysts, or other surgical treatments were selected randomly. Venous blood samples obtained after tooth extraction or other treatments during intravenous IPM/CS (0.5g), PAPM/BP (0.5g), or MEPM (0.5g) were cultured on Bactec NR16A^® and 17A^® (Becton Dickinson, U.S.A.) . Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each isolate were measured. Levels of the drug in the serum were also measured. The overall incidence of bacteremia after tooth extraction were 17.3 % (4/23), 14.8 % (4/27), and 4.1 % (1/24) respectively. The number of isolated strains were 5, 5, and 1 respectively, but streptococcal bacteremia was not recognized. It was considered that the carbapenem antibiotics, especially MEPM, have a significant effect in decreasing the risk of bacteremia after tooth extraction.

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The transfer of cefpirome (CPR), a cephem antibiotic, into human serum and oral tissues after intravenous administration of CPR at a dose of 0.5g or 1.0g was studied in 20 patients, consisting of 11 males and 9 females. The results were as follows:
1. The concentrations of CPR in the serum showed dose dependence. The serum half-life in each case was 2.01 hours. The AUC of CPR 0.5 g and 1.0 g were 128.9μg⋅ml/hr and 254.9μg⋅ml/hr respectively.
2. The ratios of oral tissues to serum concentrations ranged from 6.81-79.0 % during 1-2 hours after administration of CPR.
The transfer of CPR to oral tissues was demonstrated to be favorable and no abnormal findings were observed. CPR is expected to be useful for oral infections.

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In order to investigate how the immunological supression is related to the outbreak of oral and maxillofacial infections, using the experimental buccal abscess induced by carageenin in leukocytopenic rats, the pathological changes were examined after inoculation of S. pyogenes S-8 into the cavity of the abscess.
1. The number of white blood cells decreased by 1/8 to 1/12 after administration of cyclophosphamide (CPA), however, no rats died under this condition.
2. After inoculation of S. pyogenes, the diameter of the abscess and the wet weight of exudate in leukocytopenic rats were smaller in comparison with normal rats at most masurement points.
3. Histopathologically, inflammatory cell infiltration in normal rats was much more predominant than in leukocytopenic rats, however, the extent of infiltration in leukocytopenic rats was longer than in normal rats.
4. The number of viable cells of S. pyogenes in leukocytopenic rats was almost the same as in normal rats until 36 hours after inoculation, however, viable cell counts in normal rats tended to decrease in 48 hours.
5. From the results above, the number of viable cells of S. pyogenes in the abscess was not extremely increased even in leukocytopenic rats, so oral and maxillofacial region was thought to be very resistant to infection and the outbreak of infection did not necessarily occur in such a leukocytopenic condition.

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This study was conducted to asses the clinial efficacy of Sai-boku-to (Kanpo) in comparison to minor tranquilizer with vitamin B complex medication for the treatment of glossodynia.
Either Sai-boku-to (7.5g per day) of minor tranquilizer (Diazepam) 6mg per day with vitamine B complex medication for three months was P. O. administered to 104 cases. The clinical examination was carried out in order to evaluate the subjective symptoms such as pain, heat sensation, and unpleasent feeling in comcomitant treatment of glossodynia.
After three-month administration the success rates were 75.8 %, 87.1 %, and 88.7 % in the Sai-boku-to medication group and 73.8 %, 71.4 %, 69.0 % in the minor tranquilizer medication group. The Sai-boku-to medication group was significantry superior to the minor tranquilizer medication group. The side effect of the sleepiness was found in 13 cases in the minor tranquilizer medication group. On the contrary, a mild signs and symptoms of digestive discomfort was noted in three cases in the Sai-boku-to medication group.
These results suggested that Sai-boku-to was a clinically useful drug for the treatment of glossodvnia.

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The relation between recurrent chronic osteomyelitis and IgG subclass deficiency has been suggested. In the present study, IgG subclasses concentrations in 7 patients with chronic mandibular osteomyelitis were investigated. Two patients with chronic therapy resistant osteomyelitis had a low level of the IgG3 subclass. Impaired host defense response could be a possible factor inducing chronic osteomyelitis in the mandihle.

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