The activity of bovine plasma amine oxidase is described by using high-performance liquid chromatography. As little as 2.0 pmol of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde formed in the amine oxidase-catalyzed reaction could be detected using 3, 4-dihydroxybenzylamine as a substrate and 2.5 pmol of benzaldehyde for benzylamine. The above process was applied to the kinetic analysis of the inhibition reaction of the enzyme by procaine and procainamide. The Michaelis constants (Km) of the reaction were 5.3×10^-4 M and 4.5×10^-4 M for 3, 4-dihydroxybenzylamine and benzylamine respectively. The inhibition constants (Ki) of procaine and procainamide were 5.0×10^-4 M and 88×10^-4 M for 3, 4-dihydroxybenzylamine and 1.3×10^-4 M and 5.3×10^-4 M for benzylamine respectively.

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The experimental infected models in the mandible of rabbits according to the Satoh-Heimdahl method were administered oral cephalosporin; cefdinir, dosage of 20 mg/kg. The transfer to serum and the oral tissues, including gingiva, submandibular lymph node, parotid gland, mandibula and maxilla, were examined and studied by the pharmacokinetics.
1) In the infected group, the time (T_max) taken to reach the maximum drug concentrations in the examined tissues was 0-26 minutes later than that of serum concentration, and the maximum concentration (C_max) of CFDN in tissues was about 17-26 % of that in serum.
Meanwhile, in the healthy group, T_max in the tissues appeared 10-23 minutes after that of serum concentration and C_max was 16-27 % of that in serum.
2) CFDN concentrations in tissues and serum were about 1.1-1.6 times higher in the infected group than in the healthy group. And also T_max was reached 12-44 minutes faster in the infected group than in the healthy group,
3) Comparatively good transfer of CFDN into the pus was observed in experimental lesion, although T_max in the pus was 6 minutes later than in the serum, and C_max in the pus reached 55 % of serum concentration.

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The susceptibility to Imipenem of 99 strains of oral Streptococci isolated from the odontogenic infections were measured according to the standard method of Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
All of them showed MIC's less than 1.56μg/ml, proving the susceptibility to Imipenem to be quite favorable.
Ccnsidering the pharmacokinetic parameter of Imipenem, the agent satisfies the standard necessary for the transient bacteremia during and following the dental surgical procedure.

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The effect of CPP on neutrophil functional impairment induced by periodontopathic bacteria was assessed. Incubation of neutrophils in the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis culture supernatant induced a significant decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen production. Whereas incubation with Streptococcus sanguis did not. CPP restored reactive oxygen production and phagocytosis of neutrophils treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis culture supernatant in a dose-dependent fashion. Addition of CPP to neutrophils incubated with PBS enhanced neutrophil phagocytizing functions dose-dependently as well. Thus, administration of CPP combined with the currently available therapeutics may offer a novel means in controlling periodontal diseases.

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To investigate the efficacy of Elase gargle containing xylocaine for herpetic gingivostoma-titis, changes in local lesions and food were compared between a treated group of patients using Elase gargle (16 patients) and a control group of patients using Azunole or Isogin gargle (12 patients) .
According to their results, the improvement in clinical symptoms were earlier in the treated group than in the control group. Likewise, the treated group was able to have normal food from day 7 of treatment but the control group was from day 12.
The results indicated that Elase gargle containing xylocaine is therapeutically effective for herpetic gingivostomatitis.

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Recently, the number of deaths by malignant tumor has been rising. In oral surgery, many types of malignant tumors, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, have been found. Firstly malignant tumor is difficult to treat, thus we have determined to reduce the tumor size. Therefore, we have infused an anti-cancer drug at a high dose even if the therapy against some side effects is incomplete.
Cisplatin is popular as an anticancer drug with some side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow suppression. The severest of these side effects are nausea and vomiting. We have used metocroplamid for prevening nausea and vomiting. But the prevention of nausea in normal dosage is very difficult. So we have used it at a high dose. In these cases, we have sometimes found side effects. This time we used granisetron instead of metocroplamid, and the following results were obtained.
1. Effective rate of granisetron for nausea and vomiting was 100 % in all cases after 24 hours.
2. Effective rate of granisetron for nausea and vomiting was 100 % in 3 mg/day/body group and 90.9 % in 6 mg/day/body group after 6 days.
3. There was no reduction of the effect of granisetron when we infused cisplatin several times.
4. While using granisetron, however, appetite was decreased. But this duration time was short.
5. No side effect that was thought to be caused by granisetron was found.

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Periodontitis which is defined as inflammation with the destruction of the connective tissue attachment to the root surface and alveolar bone loss, finally causing tooth loss, is caused by the infection of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal pockets. Based on this knowledge, various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents have been applied to kill such pathogenic bacteria during periodontal treatment. Currently, it is possible to apply antibiotics based products such as PERIOCLINE® (Sunstar Inc., Osaka, Japan) during periodontal therapy, increasing effectiveness and decreasing adverse reaction. The microbiological examination is not practically performed, however, it might be essential to diagnose periodontal diseases and monitor the results of treatment, because no practical method to evaluate subgingival pathogenic bacteria has been usable in dental clinics. In recent years, PERIOCHECK® (Sunstar Inc.), which is a diagnostic kit which can easily and quickly determine the enzymatic activity derived from periodontopathic bacteria has been developed and various microbiological and clinical properties have been reported. In the present study, in order to determine the suitable application period of local chemotherapy, fifty-five test sites affected by adult periodontitis were divided into three groups 2 weeks after initial preparation. The first group which had seventeen sites that indicated negative by PERIOCHECK test 2 weeks after initial treatment showed good healing without further treatment. The second group which had twenty-five sited that still indicated positive by PERIOCHECK and then applied PERIOCLINE for four consecutive weeks 2 to 5 weeks after initial treatment showed good results with significant pocket reduction and attachment gain. On the other hand, the thrill group of which had thirteen sited that indicated positive by PERIOCHECK 2 weeks after initial treatment and applied PERIOCLINE 6 to 9 weeks later showed some pocket reduction but a minute attachment gain. These results reveal that if local chemotherapy with PERIOCLINE is performed just after obtaining microbiological results indicating that pathogenic bacteria are remaining in periodontal pockets, it should be more effective as compared with the usual application. It is also suggested that PERIOCHECK is useful for monitoring periodontal therapy.

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Dental caries and periodontal disease are known as two major diseases in the dental clinical field. It was reported that Streptococcus mutans caused the former, and an anaerobic bacteria like a Porphyromonas gingivalis caused the latter, and tea catechins like a (-) epigalo catechingallate (EGCg) have anti-microbial effects on the mouth flora. Then the effects of tea catechins on oral odor and dental plaque were studied using 0.25 % catechin solution, and two types of tests were conducted. One group was tested after only a single mouth washing. The second group washed daily over four-week period and was tested after the second and fourth weeks. The mouth was washed using 20ml of catechin solution for thirty seconds.
The results of the first group showed that the most effective term was the first fifteen minutes after rinsing. The rinsing remained effective for another 75 minutes, declining slowly. In the second group, the oral odor was inhibited continuously over the four weeks. The inhibition rate of the catechin solution was three times more effective than the control. The plaque score was reduced continuously. The simple regression of prevention of oral odor and the reduction of plaque score were positive. From the results, prevention of oral odor and reduction of plaque score with tea catechin was confirmed, and then the possibility of prevention of periodontal diseases using tea catechins was suggested.

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The present study was made on 257 patients with oral infectious disease from January 1990 to December 1992. In 166 cases. a total of 415 strains of bacteria were detected, the majority of which were aerobic (33.4 %) . As a point worth noting, streptococci accounted for 42.7 %, and anaerobes accounted for 10.4 % of the 415 strains. Opportunistic pathogens included Pseudomonas, Candida, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) .
In the antibiotic sensitivity test α-streptococcus was highly sensitive to ampicillin, cefotiam, and flomoxef, but prevotella was resistant to ampicillin and cefotiam.

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In this study, indoor pollution of dental-oral surgery clinic was researched by counting airborne dust and bacteria. The resulting counts were high. Dust and bacterial colony increased as treatment time passed and many patients moved. Especially, 0.5μm dust count recorded over 10⁵ and also over 10⁶ (/cf) in many cases. As compared with NASA's standard of bio-clean room, this environment was not proper for usual surgery. So it is washed for contamination-control.

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There are some cases with oral phlegmon that were difficult to heal. We considered that some factor in reference to resistant cases and examined the influence of general and local status on the therapeutic effect. The subjects were 76 patients who were hospitalized with oral phlegmon from January 1981 to January 1990. We investigated Tp, Alb, Hb, Hct, RBC, age, underlying disease, severity of disease, degree of obesity, dietary intake, causal lesion and teeth, the extent of inflammation, and the duration from the onset to the first visit in relation to the therapeutic term.
As a result of a lower Alb value, the therapeutic term lasted longer, and resistant cases were frequently found in middle and old age. RBC, Hb and Hct were not correlative with the curing term. Body temperature and WBC, according to severity of disease, were not correlative either. There were no patients with underlying disease that prolonged therapeutic term in this study.
For the patients who had phlegmon following teeth extraction or pericoronitis, it took a long term to be cured. The causal teeth of the lower jaw were approximately four times as many as those of the upper jaw. Especially the lower molars were genetic teeth of the cases who were hard to cure. The extent of inflammation was not correlative with the curing term. The longer the duration from the onset to the first visit is, the longer the therapeutic term lasted.
There are many matters for therapy in relation to aged or poor nutritional patients, so we thought anew that nutritional supply was important in therapy for infection in particular. It was considered that the treatments before the first visit would be important factors related to the curing term as well. Therefore we considered that the therapeutic effect was under the influence of Alb, as well as age, in a general status of routine examinations.

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Clinical evaluation of cefodizime (CDZM, Kenicef®) in various infections in the field of oral surgery were carried out.
Cefodizime was administered by intravenous injection at a daily dose of 2g (1g× 2times) to 102 patients with various infections.
Cases consisted of 86 with maxillary ostitis, 4 pericoronitis, 3 odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, 3 phlegmon of the oral floor, 2 alveolar ostitis, 2 phlegmon of the buccal region, 1 peritonsillar abscess, and 1 angina.
The following results were obtained :
The clinical effects obtained in subjective judgement were classified as excellent in 60 cases, good in 35 cases, fair in 5 and poor in 2. The clinical effects obtained in judgement by point were classified as excellent in 31 cases. eood in 66 and poor in 5. Effective rate in subject was 93.1 %. Effective rate in judgement by point was 95.1 %.
There were no cases with side effects.
In the laboratory examinations, thrombocytosis in 2 cases, elevations of s-GOT and s-GPT in one case were observed.
The result indicated the usefulness of cefodizime in the treatment of various infections in the field of oral surgery.

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