Japanese Journal of Social Welfare

Study on MITSUHAMAGAKUEN as a Factor in the Establishment of OUMIGAKUEN, and its Association with the Idea of JYUKUKYOUIKU

Toshitaka HACHIYA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 5-16
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_5

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This paper presents research on MITSUHAMAGAKUEN-an institution for physically weak children-that existed in Shiga Prefecture from 1943 to 1946. ITOGA Kazuo and IKEDA Taro who established OUMIGAKUEN after the Second World War were associated with this institution. It has been pointed out that there is a possibility that this institute had an influence on the establishment of OUMIGAKUEN. However, there have been few studies on this institute, and its characteristics are yet to be clarified. As such, this study collected historical materials, and clarified the building and room layouts, treatment, cost, etc., of this institute. In addition, when the establishment of the institute was clarified in detail, it was found that the institution's founders were influenced by KEMURINAKAMA that can be related to SHIMOMURA Kojin, and planned this institute as a place where JYUKUKYOUIKU can be practiced. It seems that OUMIGAKUEN's founders succeeded in replicating the results of this institute, given the mixed composition of the children accommodated in OUMIGAKUEN. OUMIGAKUEN accommodated both children with and without mental disabilities. Moreover, the JYUKUKYOUIKU ideology, which subsequently influenced OUMIGAKUEN, was very important for the formation of the basic principles of this institute.

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How the Drama Method Works for the Education of the Micro Level Social Work : Response to Criticisms of Micro Level Social Work

Satoko OYAMA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 17-31
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_17

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The importance of "self awareness and the ability to understand others" as well as "the ability to communicate with others" is emphasized in the counseling-practice curriculum of social work education. In order to foster these abilities, a department of social work introduced group work with a theater-art component in its communication course. This paper (1) reviews criticisms of Micro social work and psychotherapy approaches, social constructionism, and the social model of disability; (2) presents the utilization of drama as a method in a communication course; and (3) analyzes the course itself. The findings include that the students (1) experienced holistic cognition of self and sensitivity to others, and (2) discovered free expression within the non-judgmental class environment. It is important to understand the changes observed in the class as changes in awareness within a Mezzo-level system, rather than as individuals within a Micro-level system.

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Factors that Influence the Practice Process of School Social Workers : Focus on School Social Workers in the Area Where the Parties Concerned Do Not Have Awareness of Their Issues

Kenichi ZUSHI, Noriko YAMANO

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 32-42
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_32

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This study aims to clarify, by means of evidence, the factors that influence the practice process of school social workers. The study analyzes the data acquired through semi-structured interviews with nine practitioners who have practice experience of three years or more, using a modified grounded theory approach. The result reveals that three types of recognition influence the practice process of school social workers: the recognition of teacher consultants who work for the school board, recognition of teachers, and recognition of school social workers. Moreover, these three types of recognition influence one other. Finally, this study explores future challenges in school social work practice.

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The Longitudinal Dynamics of the Relationship between the Foster Care Placement and the Residential Care : Time-series Analyses of the Macro Data 1953-2008 Japan

Kiyoko MIWA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 43-53
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_43

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In Japan, about 90% of children who are in out-of-home care, are placed in residential care, and another 10% of those children are placed in foster care. This trend has been consistently observed since post World War II in Japan. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between the placement of foster care and residential care quantitatively by using Japanese macro-data, and thus to answer the question why the placement in foster care has not increased in Japan. First, we examine the longitudinal dynamics of the relationship between the placement of foster care and residential care by time-series analysis. Next, we examine the existing hypothesis that "the foster care system has not developed because the residential care system has continuously been considered to be primary" Time-series multiple regression analysis showed the strong negative effect of the quota fulfilling rate of the residential care institution on the foster care placement rates. The hypothesis was supported. Residual analysis showed that the period 1994 to 2000 was a specific time when foster care placement was far more restricted than other periods, and the period around 2003 was also unique, in that the foster care placement was extremely expanded, more than in other periods.

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Disability Experiences and Self-evaluation of People with Intellectual Disabilities : Based on Life Stories Told by Six Women

Yasuko SUGITA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 54-66
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_54

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This paper aims to identify common patterns in the development of the self-evaluations of people with intellectual disabilities as influenced by their experiences of social attitudes and responses ("disability") and to explore ideas for improving social welfare practices from a Social Model viewpoint, which strives to include the personal experience of disabilities. Based on the life stories told by six women, a common pattern emerged. These women developed negative self-evaluations through their experiences of negative social attitudes and responses such as bullying, disregard for their wishes at school, difficult jobs and being fired from the workplace. These experiences generally resulted in social withdrawal. A turning point in their lives came when a choice of social welfare services was offered to them in a way that respected their decisions and choices. All of their self-evaluations became more positive and this trend increased as they experienced further positive social attitudes and responses such as independent living support and the opportunity to assume a self-advocacy role. This pattern strongly indicates to social welfare practitioners, among others, that it is most important to reflect the wishes of service recipients through trial experiences and through consultation when choosing educational courses or welfare service venues.

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The Changing Process of Mothers with Disabled Infants : Four Narratives in Early Intervention

Sayuri ICHISE

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 67-79
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_67

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Twenty years have passed since the regional child health and rehabilitation system was developed. The system is set up based on the assumption that "early diagnosis, early intervention" is desirable. In this paper, it is clarified how mothers, who have been informed of their infants' disabilities at an early stage, undergo their changing process. Qualitative research method is used to analyse narratives by mothers with disabled infants. The mothers' feelings and interactions with others are also analyzed. At the early stage, the mothers present how shaky their "own positioning" is. Their "own positioning" includes both their own image and relations with other people in a broad sense. As a result, it was clarified that there are four different kinds of narratives: "regeneration", "escape", "acquirement" and "liminality" in this changing process.

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Analysis of Characteristics of Cases in Which Social Workers Have Difficulties in Supporting Slightly Intellectually Disabled People

Kumiko MORIMOTO

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 80-93
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_80

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Social work for slightly intellectually disabled people living in the community is becoming more important. However, social workers define particular cases as 'difficult cases', and have trouble with them. Analyzing their characteristics, we adopted the method of "Analyzing Social Setting by J & L Lofland". As a result, we recognized four problems in solving the approach to 'difficult cases'. Firstly we clarified that there is a lack of knowledge of autism spectrum disorders. Secondly we recognized that a long period of time is needed to discover abuse of the client by the family. Thirdly we found the seriousness of the problems occurring with people when retired, who got jobs with no support after graduating from schools. Lastly we recognized workers have unreasonable effort to realize individual style of living. As a result of the analysis, we also discovered two characteristics of the attitudes of social workers. First, flexible and immediate reactions to the needs of the client and his family can be a good opportunity to make a relationship between them. Second, social workers keep trying to know the real intention by assessing many aspects of the clients' lives, and imagining the meaning of their actions and attitude, not only asking what they need.

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How Victims of Domestic Violence Make the Decision to Leave Their Partner : Process to "the Definitive Sense of Reaching the Bottom" and "Surviving-self"

Kanako MASUI

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 94-106
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_94

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Objective: To clarify the process of how victims of domestic violence make the decision to leave their partner and to consider appropriate support by professionals in this process. Method: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with seven victims and analyzed with Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Result: From the result of qualitative analysis on interviews, it was found that the decision to leave their partner was made by victims' definitive sense of reaching the bottom. The process leading to this definitive sense was founded by "the sense of piling-up limits". Through this process, victims finally recognized their own limitation that had not been recognized before, and reconstructed the meaning of their current situation. "Surviving-self" was a firm base to hold and support this process. Consideration: It is important for professionals to support "surviving-self" as a firm base of this process.

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Examination of Critical Ingredients in an Effective Discharge Support Program for Persons with Mental Illness : Results from National Formative Evaluation over 1 Year by 18 Sites in Japan

Ayano DOMYO, Iwao OSHIMA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 107-120
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_107

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The Discharge Support Program for Persons with Severe Mental Illness implemented by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has yet to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, this program should be improved to increase the number of persons with mental illness who are discharged following long-term hospitalization and who are able to transition to a stable living environment in the community. The current study aims to refine a "provisional model" of the program based on program theory. This study also aims to examine good practices by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing critical ingredients in order to make the program more effective. In the intervention, performed by 18 sites nationwide, factors that increased the number of new program participants and patients discharged following long-term hospitalization were determined. Results indicated that several ingredients were correlated with outcomes; this correlation was greatest for patients with the same goals and philosophies as the provisional model (group I). In addition, case studies revealed the need to alter some of the factors such as the number of staff, the tone taken by program personnel, and the patient's destination after discharge. Results have suggested factors that should help to improve the program.

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Daily Life Needs of Persons with Physical Disabilities in Facilities for the Physically Handicapped : Suggestions for Analysis and Practices from the Viewpoint of Their Subjective Needs

Kyoko FUKIZAKI, Chiharu HATAKEYAMA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 121-135
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_121

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Objectives: To ascertain the subjective needs in the daily life of persons with physical disabilities living in facilities for the physically handicapped, and to make some practical suggestions in response to the discovered needs. Method of research: A self-completed questionnaire (mailed) containing 79 questions on daily life needs. Number of responses collected: 354; respondents were persons with physical disabilities living in 133 facilities for the physically handicapped (response ratio: 53.2%). Conclusions: (1) The research organized the daily life needs based on the high-average needs discovered by the questionnaire. (1: 'Base of life' needs, which affect the respondents' life in general. 2: needs related to 'the respondents' health and body' and 'daily life', which can affect the continuation of their living and survival. 3: 'communication and decision-making' needs, which are related to the service infrastructure. 4: 'participation and activity' needs, especially those related to hobbies and outings) (2) A comparative analysis of each attribute confirmed significant differences in some needs with respect to 'disability', 'gender' and 'age' of respondents with cerebral palsy or cervical cord damage. (3) The survey found that approximately 70% of all the respondents hoped to stay in their facilities. Based on this finding, this research points out four issues in the transition to community living.

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Toward Integration of Enviromental Policies and Welfare Policies(Main Symposium)

Shigeru SUMITANI

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 136-137
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_136

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Health Policy after Change of Government in 2009 and a Framework of Health Policy in the Near Future(Main Symposium)

Ryu NIKI

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 138-141
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_138

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Requirements for Social Work to Transact Complementally with Social Policies(Main Symposium)

Masakazu SHIRASAWA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 142-149
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_142

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For the Future of Social Welfare System(Main Symposium)

Shogo TAKEGAWA, Kayoko UENOYA

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 150-153
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_150

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Transition from Welfare Service Delivery System to Inclusive Community Care System(International Symposium)

Sadahisa NOGUCHI

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 154-157
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_154

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 158-160
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_158

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 161-163
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_161

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 164-166
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_164

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2011 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 167-169
Published: August 31, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.52.2_167

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