Japan is having an ever closer international relationship not only with advanced OEGD countries but also with developing countries throughout the World. It is ideal for us to live harmoniously with foreigners in Japan as well as in other countries. But we cannot deny the historical fact that within the country we Japanese have not necessarily treated foreigners equally even in the area of social services. The Author took up two issues. The one is related to those people from Taiwan and from the North and South of Korean Peninsula, including their offsprings, who came to our country before the end of World War II and have lived ever since. For quite some time we imposed Japanese Nationality on these people but we unilaterally deprived it after the War. We denied them compensation for war-time losses, and denied their equal access to social security benefits including public assistance until 1982, when we ratified the Convention relatiug to the Status of Refugees. The other issue is related to foreigners' access to social security benefits. As a matter of fact we denied their access until 1982 as mentioned above and we still deny their equal access to public assistance as of right. One major remaining issue is to what extent we should extend euqal access to those foreigners who are illegally remaining in our country.

View full abstract

International social welfare has two fields. First, it means social welfare in world wide settings. Second, it means comparative social welfare. In this paper, we focused on the second field. We discussed meanings of comparative method, basic conditions for successful comparative studies of social welfare, framework of comparison, and subjects of comparison. Our comparative studies of social welfare are in short of experiences. We are in need of accumulating our experiences of comparative studies, and as a premise, sophistcating comparative methods of social welfare.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine two assessment scales in U.S.A., the meaning of assessment, issues on the possibility of its application to Japanese cases. From 80's, assessment scales and recording forms have been used for assist by child welfare workers in determining the most critical risk factors and what services for children and families are needed to alleviate their risk. Following the court procedure, two types of assessment scales are discussed. These scales are useful as the practice framework for protection of children. Most assessment scales consist of various factors, such as the incident of maltreatment, the child(s), the parent(s), the family, the environment, the interactions between the parent(s) and the social agency. Considaring differences between the States and Japan, I focus on several factors in assessment scales that may be appropriate paticulary for Japanese cases. Reliability and validity of these assessment scales have not been established yet. However, some these scales should be useful for understanding of child abuse cases by both social workers and inter-agencies.

View full abstract

The europian gild of the medieval age has tended to stress the exclusionary aspects of geselschaft, but once the full dynamic range of social-religious activities of the gild in medieval society is considered, the significance of gemeinschaft will become apparent. Namely, gemeinschaft imbues the gild with ethical characteristics and provides for historical expansion, while at the same time giving it tremendous, chameleon-like adaptability enabling it to fulfill the new subsidiary roles brought about by the circumstances of the times. Moreover, the gild's dynamism as seen in its social flexibility endows it with a vivid, almost life like quality. By retaining some aspects of geselschaft, but including more toward gemeinschaft it is able to better orient itself for the possibility of effecting social change in the face of genossenschaft. This thesis examines the distinctiveness in historical research of the unifying aspects of the social-religious gild, which assisted in the prevention of the decline, and fostered a sense of community in the city of Coventry, and which additionally moved to revolutionize the parish gild in London from the late medieval age to the early period of the modern age. In further explores the possibility of adaptation of the gild to contemporary intermediate organizations to create subsidiary networks for promotion of social welfare within the nation, the market and various intermediate organizations.

View full abstract

In this thesis I consider the family from the concept of "Family Subculture " and try to take a new turn of family social work. I think that Family Welfare as a whole is not formulated scientifically. Today, however, the main stream of administrative policies for social welfare has converged into the community-based services and the community care, so the needs for the change of so-called vertically-structured systems in every fields of social welfare such as the services for the elderly, for the disabled etc. is much increased. We need to pay attention to the significant meaning of the family as a basic component of a society, and have to develop the social welfare policies on the basis of the family and the life of each family members in totality. In this context, I propose the concept, Family Sub-Culture, which must be the key to develope my study. It is the fundamental points for the family welfare that every families consist of the community life in accordance with the totality of life. Family Sub-Gulture is an essential skill to develop family social work. In other words, it is the starting point to develop family social work when one precisely seize the meaning of Family Sub-Culture. In this thesis I consider Family Sub-Culture from the four points : (a) the sub-culture (b) historical and social background (c) successiveness and totality of life (d) collectiveness of individual culture.

View full abstract

In this report, we carried out an analysis of what factors were involved in introducing techno-aids into households of elderly staying at home. The techno-aids used in this analysis was a mat to prevent slipping in the bathtub. It was statistically indicated that two factors ...... 1) the elderly person's ability to move and 2) the condition of the residence had significant influence on introducing the non-slippage mat. It was found that the mat was introduced for groups of elderly with the physical ability to maintain a standing position or turn over in bed, but it was not for those healthy enough to climb up and down stairs or, on the opposite pole, for those elderly who could not turn over in bed; i.e. those largely unable to move on their own.

View full abstract