A path analysis model for determining the subjective well-being was used to investigate the correlation between variables for aged people living at home. From 2,949 aged people, who were residents of I town as of the time of this survey in October 1993, 441 residents were randomly selected as the subjects of this study. Of the 441 selected subjects, data was used from 384 subjects who were capable of carrying out activities of daily living by themselves and who were also able to fill in the questionnaire unaided. The items surveyed were sex, age, educational background, presence / absence of a spouse, activities of daily living, activities parallel to daily living, social integration, subjective well-being, and self-rated health. Path analysis was carried on these data, and the following results were obtained : 1) educational background, which is a personal attribute (tertiary factor) was a contributory factor to social integration, which is a secondary factor, and age and sex were contributory factors to activities parallel to daily living, which are secondary factors. 2) these secondary factors determined self-rated health, which is a primary factor. 3) Self-rated health, which is a primary factor strongly determined the subjective quwell-being. 4) Social integration and activities parallel to daily living, which are secondary factors, directly determined the subjective well-being. Appropriate homecare services for aged people in the future are discussed, based on these results.

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The Beveridge's National Minimum is similar to that of S & B.Webb in that it aimed to resolve simultaneously labor and social problems. That is, it considered maintenance of employment=creation of means for contribution, and avoidance of dependency → ensuring the national minimum (ie, sustaining poverty line)=standardized labor force, floating labor markets and stability of purchasing power by built-in stabilizer → maintenance of employment. Beveridge's contribution was to extend the concept of the national minimum constructed by S & B. Webb in order to realize what they termed 'upward ways'. The extension was intended to solve the problems of the wants resulting from interruption or loss of earnings which S & B. Webb had not assumed will occur. But, he failed to secure adequately national minimum because of trade-off between benefit level and universal coverage in his flat rate systems. This was because fundamentally his scheme was premised on maintenance of full time employment. In 50 years after the publication of his report, this premise has became increasingly more difficult to sustain. To overcome its limits, we have to change Beveridge's scheme's central principle - the insurance based systems.

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After the Russo-Japanese War, the National Government strengthened its political pressure on local governments. First it amended the law concerning the municipalities and then introduced "Local Reform Works" and "the Reformatory Measures and Moral Direction Relief Policy" into these local bodies. This policy was aimed at (a) promoting the local contribution to the national economic growth, (b) re-integrating "national spirit" which seemed losing cohesion after the Russo-Japanese War, and (c) preparing preventive measures against future social unrest. This change as a whole was named by the Home Ministry "Kanka (reformatory and moral direction)". In most of the Western countries around the turn of the century, people felt some kind of public social service was necessary and thought it appropriate for their national government to assume the responsibility. In Japan, however, it was argued that the governmental leadership in social services would discourage people's moral independence and hamper a steady national economic growth. Thus, the Japanese government maintained that it would assume the responsibility of moral guidance of the people, but not of practical measures in social services. This peculiar stance adopted by the government had a profound influence on the development of Japanese social work until the end of World War II.

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This paper deals with the relationship between Gunpei Yamamuro and leprosy relief policy and points out the relationship between the quarantine policy to leprosy patients and social work. In the beginning, Salvation Army managed the day nursery for patients' children. On the other hand, Salvation Army thought out a leprosy relief in earnest. But leprosy relief didn't come out because the government carried out leprosy relief and that Salvation Army had the financial problem. This paper examines how Salvation Army thought about Lepra and leprosy relief policy through the writings of Gunpei Yamamuro he was a leader of Salvation Army. Yamamuro understood Lepra as a symbol of sin according to the Bible. He was sure to agree to the quarantine policy. His thinking was a kind of common sense at that time but resulted in follower of the quarantine policy. From the fact mentioned above, this paper points out Gunpei Yamamuro didn't see through the problems of the policy, even though had excellent practices, also this paper discusses the limit of social work before World WarII.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a new model which has developed from the social work theory by William Schwartz. This new model is called the Mediating -Process Model and a core of the "Mediating Theory of Social Work Practice" by author. This Mediating-Process Model defines an original function of social work as "Keeping on being face to face equally". It is characteristic of this model. The content not only is located on the extension line of the research of the social work theory of Schwartz, but also contains a big theme of clarifying the originality of the social work practice. Especially, the significance of this study consists in clarifying the self-determination and advocacy from the function of social worker.

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After the publication of the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps, a new study area was thought out in order to understand disablement. The aim of the study was to describe the threefold distinction of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps and their mutual relation by means of the WHO model. However, it did not adequately reflect some problems of disablement. One of the most difficult points was that the model could represent the static handicap structure, but not the dynamic process of making handicaps. Therefore, this paper attempted to construct "a Theory of the Handicap Making Process" as one of the middle range theories for understanding disablement. At first, "the handicap condition" was held by three components of 1) needs, 2) role expectation by others, and 3) actual behavior. Some types and moving patterns of the handicap conditions are delineated. Then, a process model named "the Interaction Model of Making Handicaps" were proposed. The model included the following variables : handicap conditions as explained ones, and self and interaction as explanatory ones. Further, two different types of the growth-restricted persons were analyzed by the model. As a result, it was concluded that the model and the concept of handicap conditions in this paper help us to recognize some types of handicap problems.

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A case common in health care setting is formulated, and doctors, nurses and social workers are questioned as to their helping actions in such a case. Purpose of study is to compare helping activities of three professions in terms of underlying values. The data is analysed by Chi-Square and the third method of quantification. The result showed social workers tend to conduct interviews reflecting feelings, but doctors and nurses relate to clients for the utilization of social resources. This result reveal social workers help clients and emphasis on basic values of absolute respect of human being and self-determination.

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