Introduction 1. Development of social welfare manpower policy and ensuring of Social Welfare Manpower (1) Development of social welfare manpower policy (2) A Shortage of manpower and ensuring of social welfare manpower 2. Conditions and problems of supply of social welfare manpower to welfare institution for the aged (1) Conditions of supply of social welfare manpower to welfare institution for the aged (2) Continued intentions of job in welfare institution for the aged 3. An Examination of "The Interim Report of Health, Medical and Social Welfare Manpower Headquarters" (1) "The Interim Report" and working conditions (2) "The Interim Report" and policy for ensuring of social welfare manpower (3) Reports of the extraordinary administrative investigation committee and "The Interim Report of Health, Medical and Social Welfare Headquarters" 4. Labor administration of care manpower 5. Problems around social welfare manpower policy (1) A Care holiday system of intra-industrial welfare policy (2) Social welfare manpower and foreign workers Finally

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This research measured the subjective fatigue of mothers who take care of the mentally retarded at home. And I made an analysis of the factors which had vital influence upon the mother's subjective fatigue. From results, the mothers had more the mentally burden than the physically one. And the multiple regression showed us family and neighborhood relations had most vital influence for the subjective fatigue.

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This is a study of the mentally handicapped through interviewing on eating habits. It is intended to make social workers support their living well. Interviewing on eating habits is an effective, fundamental and practical approach to understand the living problems of the mentally handicapped. Needless to say, it is an important role of social workers and case managers to help the mentally handicapped solve their living problems from the standpoint of rehabilitation and community care. In conclusion, assessment of living is indispensable in the community care planning.

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The eco-map (ecological pictorial map) was developed in 1975 by Ann Hartman. It is a simple paper-and-pencil simulation and is used as an interviewing, assessment, planning, and interventive tool. It maps in a dynamic way the ecological system, the boundaries of which encompass the person or family in the life space. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author discusses the theoretical background of the eco-map, that is, the ecological systems perspective, and stresses the necessity of application of middle-range theory into social work practice. In the second part, instruction for drawing an eco-map and its uses and advantages are described. In the last part, an example of application method of an eco-map is suggested. In putting the method into practice, measurement of the outcomes of intervention by questionnaire and drawing an eco-map are operated together. It could make the effective evaluation of intervention possible.

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