Japanese Journal of Social Welfare

On the Concept and Roots of Compassion in Social Welfare

Katsunobu KIHARA

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 3-16
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_3

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This study aims to analyze the concept of "compassion." The necessity and importance of compassion is often discussed among social workers in terms of nothing more than a slogan, and it has not been discussed academically. This article describes an attempt to conceptualize compassion as a context of social welfare and tries to determine the origin of compassion as a context of Christianity. Firstly a definition of the word "compassion" is given and it is criticized and conceptualized with reference to both Jean Jacques Rousseau and Friedrich Nietzsche. Secondly its origin is traced : σπλαγχνον in Greek which is articulated in the New Testament. And it is considered as a context of Christianity, especially on the basis of the Henry Nouwen's theology of weakness. Thirdly we discuss the idea of Hannah Arendt, and assert that it is present not only in the private domain but also in the public domain. And finally we assert the significance of compassion in social work and social welfare for the public.

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Autonomy Issues of Self-help Organizations in Contractual Relationships with Local Governments : The Construction of a Theoretical Framework by Application of Interorganizational Theory

Fumiyo MURATA

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 17-28
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_17

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This article presents a theoretical framework through the application of interorganizational theory to study empirically autonomy issues of self-help organizations in contractual relationships with local governments. Firstly, why and how contractual relationships between self-help organizations and local governments emerge and are maintained was indicated from the institutional perspective as "institutional isomorphism" in the service delivery framework of welfare pluralism, and from the resource dependence perspective as the stabilization of "resource exchange". In addition, the different ways to respond to the power imbalance were explained respectively. Finally, in order to manage to maintain autonomy, to avoid dependence on governmental agencies and to magnify own power, six strategies for self-help organizations were derived hypothetical : (1)the criticality of the resource, (2)the availability of alternatives, (the suppliers and the resources) (3)the magnification of organization sizes, (4)the change of organization structures, (5)the organizational prestige, (6)the promotion of communications. However, the power balances that would arise from the strategic balancing operations by self-help organizations seem to be unstable because of internal/external organizational reasons such as conflicts, oppositions and environmental influences. Therefore it will be necessary to assess empirically in view of interorganizational dynamism.

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Study on the Adoption System of Korea : The Family Norm and Child Welfare

Eunhwa KANG

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 29-41
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_29

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The goal of this study is to analyze the adoption system of Korea, especially focusing on the adoption process of unwed, single mothers' children, who are occupying the majority of the child adoption. Most of them are born without birth registration, and are registered illegally as the real children of adoptive parents. This study analyzes the issues of this adoption process, focusing on the influences that the "family norm" described in the Family Law have on the treatment of children born outside of legal marriage. The result of this study were as follows : firstly, it is discouraged to establish a family without a husband or father, who should be the head of family. Secondly, it is easy to adopt a single mother's child, who is not recognized by his/her real father as his legal son/daughter. Thirdly, in the establishment of new parent-child relationship, the child is given a proper position in his adoptive family as a son/daughter by being registered to be a real child. It means that the father-oriented values of the civil law exert influences on the adoption system, one of the policies aiming at enhancement of the welfare of children in need.

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A Study on the Advocacy for Children in Residential Care in Japan : The Nationwide Research of the Discourse of "Rights Handbook" for Children

Masako NAGASE

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 42-51
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_42

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the system and practice of advocacy for children in residential care in Japan, by analyzing the discourse of "Rights Handbook" for children. At first, the current situation of "Rights Handbook" is discussed in terms of its contents and characteristics. Second, we have analyzed "Child Rights Handbook" as to whether or not it provides sufficient information for the children who surfer from maltreatment. Despite the fact that "Child Rights Handbook" becomes acknowledged in the wider population, the information is not child-friendly. Finally, the issues raised here indicated that publishing "Rights Handbook" does not automatically guarantee the advocacy for children. Establishing the child advocacy system is a matter of great urgency.

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Process of Decision Making Regarding Use of Mechanical Ventilation by a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Interaction of the Patient with Family Members and Professional Staff

Yoshimi SUMIDA

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 52-64
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_52

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to consider how professional staff should support ALS patients in the process of decision making about the use of mechanical ventilation. We made a case analysis focusing on changes in the way of thinking of a patient resulting from interaction with family members and professional staff. [Methods] To gather data concerning the patient's feelings and interaction with others, the author visited the patient's home regularly and interviewed the patient, members of her family and professional support staff. [Results] There was a perceptual difference regarding the use of mechanical ventilation between the patient's family and professional staff. This gap was due to different points of view, with the patient and her family focusing on the current situation and professional staff on future developments. Differences due to information gaps could be rather easily resolved, while those due to a divergent sense of values were not easily dealt with. [Conclusion] Professional staff should take account of both types of differences when providing support. Besides giving accurate information, they need to encourage communication among family members including the patient in order to help them reach a consensus as a family.

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An Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Self-determination of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in the Relocation Process of Institution B to Community Based Residences

Ryo SUZUKI

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 65-77
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_65

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Many research projects regarding relocation of persons with intellectual disabilities from large institutions to community based residences have been focused primarily upon adaptive behavior and community participation.Self-determination in the relocation process has been less-represented in the de-institutionalization literature.In order for residents to move to community based residences without anxiety, they must be provided with opportunities for choice and decision in the process. This paper discusses environmental factors affecting self-determination of residents in the relocation process of Institution B by qualitative research.lt aims to find the methods of support for self-determination. The result points to the following environmental factors : 1. Programs for support of relocation of residents a. support for imagining community lives ; b. support based upon residents' needs ; c. time for preparation of relocation. 2. Organizational structure a. awareness and knowledge by staff about relocation ; b. decision-making system. 3. Understanding and cooperation by residents' family members 4. Social support system a. human and physical resources in the society ; b. awareness in local communities.

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Exploring the Aging Process in the Aged Society : To Identify the Causal Structure of the Well-being of the Healthy Elderly

Aya KURODA

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 78-88
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_78

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This article examines the causal relationships of latent-variables explaining the adaptive schema of the healthful elderly by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Non-demographic consequential variables, namely, "competence", "self-perceived age", "integrity", "subjective well-being" are selected for SEM analysis based on the qualitative arguments on the aging process in the Aged Society. Self-administered instruments were mailed to the elderly citizens of Hyogo Prefecture, and 303 usable responses were analyzed.A path analytic conceptualization performed well in terms of goodness-of-fit, and strong support was found for the hypothesis that the healthy elderly could acquire a coping style through the relief of aging that may rationalize the old by recognizing functional aspects of self to overcome the standing social system.

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Expectations in the Community Regarding Future Aged Residential Care

Chiaki SASAKI, Yukimichi IMAI

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 89-99
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_89

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The purpose of this study is to clarify expectations of future aged residential care in the community. We defined residential care, which is the life style of residents having both their own living space and daily intensive care. Subjects of this study were drawn from four generations, college students, professional caregivers, vocational students of social administration and seniors' club members. We provided a free-answer question and the data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. The resulting data was categorized into two domains : one was "Safety and Comfortable life" (subcategory : insurance of safety, comfortable residential conditions, services of good quality, peaceful life) , another was "Independent-minded life" (subcategory : self-determination, independence and participation, relationship with society, continuity of life, respect for the individual). Seniors' club members tended to leave their daily life up to the facility they lived in and wished for a peaceful life, while the other groups demanded independent-minded life by their own decision. This suggests that future elderly will change to the group that claims self-determination based on their own sense of value.

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An Empirical Study of Group Home Care for the Elderly with Dementia

Tsukasa YAMAGUCHI

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 100-111
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_100

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This study aims to : 1. exemplify the effect of group home care for the elderly with dementia and 2. clarify the factors contributing to the effect. The present study is based upon a case study of 5 residents of a group home for the elderly with dementia. As the case study proved the effect of group home care for the elderly with dementia, the result was analyzed with 5 frameworks ; ADL and IADL, roles in a group, emotion, communication, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia : BPSD. For the result, the factors of the effect of group home care are summarized as follows ; respect for individuality-individualized approach and protection of privacy-, environment-physical, psychological and social environment-, effectiveness of a group-grouping and group dynamics-, continuity of life-normal life and life as the past-, and a group home as pioneers of dementia care.

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Supportive Approach Model to Caregivers who Hardly Recognize Child Abuse

Hiroyuki SUZUKI

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 112-124
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_112

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The purpose of this study is to propose an effective and supportive approach model to caregivers who hardly recognize child abuse. The first point that we should discuss is the meaning of the announcement of child abuse to caregivers. Next, caregivers can be classified into four main stages when the Child Guidance Center announces child abuse to caregivers. They are consultation level, latent consultation level, confrontation level and selective consultation level. Especially, the important question is how to connect with caregivers at that specific level. "Externalization skill" is useful in order to change attitude and motivation of caregivers in the confrontation level. Furthermore, we approach caregivers in the selective consultation level with "The check list to make them think about relationship with children". We attempt to increase the motivation and ability of caregivers to recognize child abuse.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 125-127
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_125

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 128-130
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_128

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 131-133
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_131

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 134-135
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_134

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 136-138
Published: November 30, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.46.2_136

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