Uirusu
Online ISSN : 1884-3433
Print ISSN : 0042-6857
ISSN-L : 0042-6857
Volume 28, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Tomoko URASAWA, Shozo URASAWA, Suminori AKIBA, Koki TANIGUCHI, Shunzo ...
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The etiological significance of human reovirus-like agent (HRLA) has recently been established in acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis of infants and children. It is yet impossible to prepare a large amount of virus antigen for a serological survey because of lack of cell cultures suitable for virus multiplication. The present study was performed to measure complement-fixing (CF), neutralizing (NT) and precipitating (PT, detectable by counter-immunoelectro-osmophoresis developed by Middleton et al.) antibody titers in human serum by using Nebrasca calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) cross-reacting with HRLA as antigen. Its results were compared with those obtained by the CF test with HRLA antigen prepared from human stool specimens. Antibody titrations were carried out by the microtiter technique.
    1. When paired or triplicate serum samples from patients with this disease were examined, it was found that the increase of HRLA-CF antibody strongly correlated with that of NCDV-NT and NCDV-PT antibodies, and to a lesser extent with that of NCDV-CF antibody.
    2. Age distribution of NCDV-NT and NCDV-CF antibodies was examined by using sera from human beings without the disease. It was found that individuals with relatively high titers of both antibodies began to increase in number at about one year of age. Then the NT antibody-positive rate increased with the advance in age, reaching 96% at 20-26 years of age, while the CF antibody-positive rate tended to decrease at 15 years and over of age, showing 63% among adults.
    From these results, the NCDV-NT test is considered to be the most suitable of all the tests examined for a seroepidemiologic survey, as a substitute for the HRLA-CF test at present.
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  • MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
    Kazuo SUGIYAMA, Tsunehisa SUTO, Yasuji AMANO
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 10-18
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies were made on the morphological and biological characteristics of the diarrhea virus of infant mice (DVIM) isolated by Sato et al.
    When BALB/c-3 T3 cells were inoculated with the virus, infectivity was detected in the cytoplasm and in the culture fluid four and six hours after inoculation, respectively. The maximum virus titer in the culture fluid was 105.3TCID 50/0.1ml, reached eight to ten hours after inoculation.
    DVIM was an enveloped virus 100nm in diameter covered with two types of projections. The projection of one type was club-shaped and 20nm in length. The projection of the other type was small, granular, and 5nm in size. It may possibly be the remaining part of the 20nm projection. The envelope was about 10nm in thickness. The inner structure of the virion was not clarified by the electronmicroscopic negative staining technique.
    DVIM agglutinated rat and mouse red blood celles at a low temperature in three to four hours of incubation. The 20nm projections of DVIM disappeared readily in the process of purification or sonication (20KHz). The 5nm projections, however, remained firmly attached to the envelope, suggesting that they might probably be related to the hemagglutinating activity.
    DVIM induced the formation of syncytia in BALB/c-3 T3 cell cultures within ten hours after inoculation. Mouse red blood cells were adsorbed by the syncytium at a low temperature and then released after incubation at a high temperature (37°C or room temperature). The mechanism of this phenomenon was somewhat similar to that of hemadsorption of myxovirus.
    By immuno-fluorescent microscopy, viral antigens were found on the syncytium. Virus-like particles were observed on the surface of the syncytium by scanning electron microscopy.
    DVIM may be classified as a virus related to the coronaviridae for convenience sake. Its characteristics, however, are quite different from those of any of the existing members of the coronaviridae.
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  • Kazuo SUGIYAMA, Tsunehisa SUTO, Yasuji AMANO
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Diarrhea virus of infant mice (DVIM), isolated by Sato et al., seemed to be a new member of the coronaviridae.
    DVIM agglutinated mouse and rat erythrocytes at 4°C and dissociated them irreversibly at 37°C. The optimal pH ranged from 6.50 to 6.82 for the hemagglutination reaction. Dissociation of agglutinated erythrocytes was accelerated most remarkably at pH 7.43, but did not take place at pH 6.50.
    Mouse erythrocytes treated with DVIM, influenza virus type A (Inf.-A), Sendai virus (HVJ), and receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) were used to test the hemagglutinating activity of each virus. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
    (1) DVIM receptor on the mouse erythrocyte was destroyed by DVIM itself, but not by Inf.-A, HVJ, or RDE. (2) When DVIM-treated mouse erythrocytes were used, HA titers of Inf.-A and HVJ became two to four times as high as that of the control. (3) The receptor-de-stroying activity of DVIM was possibly derived from an enzyme-like substance located in the virion. This substance however, was clearly different from neuraminidase or RDE.
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  • POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS IN VACCINE REACTOGENICITY
    Yasuo CHIBA, Tooru NAKAO, Pearay L. Ogra
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies were made on the development of rubella-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) response in different age groups of rubella-seronegative normal subjects at various intervals after subcutaneous inoculation of attenuated live HPV-77/DE5 rubella vaccine. The technique of in-vitro lymphocyte transformation (LTF) was used and the Putnam strain of rubella virus as antigen. The rubella-specific CMI response of children ranging from two to twelve years of age was characterized by a significant LTF activity appearing two months after inoculation, which exhibited a gradual decrease after that. The CMI response to rubella of subjects 18 to 35 years of age was a little slow initially to appear. The maximum LTF activity of these adult subjects was three to four times lower (P<0.01) than that of the children. There was no difference in maximum antibody titer to rubella virus between these two groups of subjects. These results suggested that the age-related difference in the lymphoprolif erative response might be associated with the adverse effects of the rubella vaccine which had been known to occur more frequently in adolescent and adult patients than in infant and child patients after the establishment of vaccine-induced rubella infection.
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  • Isao HASHIMOTO, Nobuyuki UCHIDA, Toshihiko KOMATSU
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 31-40
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mice infected with Coxsackie virus B 3 and suffering from pancreatitis were examined virologically and histopathologically for 2 years. The virus was isolated from the myocardium and brown fat in some of them sacrificed on days 7, after virus inoculation. On or after days 14, however, no virus was recovered. Coxsackie virus B 3 produced severe pancreatitis with degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, giant cell formation, calcification and fat replacement in the acinar cells, and mild or moderate changes, proliferation and degeneration in the islet cells. These changes were marked when examined on days 7, 14, and 30 after infection. On and after days 60, however, the incidence and degree of the intensity of acute inflammatory changes were lower than those on day 7, 14, or 30. Mild or moderate degeneration, necrosis, cell infiltration, calcification in the acinar cells, and degeneration in the islet cells persisted as long as 2 years. Pancreatitis caused by subclinical infection with Coxsackie virus B 3 may result in permanent pancreatic injury.
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  • Hisao IZAWA, Yoshio EIGUCHI, Toshihiko NAGABAYASHI
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To obtain an avirulent strain for chickens, infectious bursal disease(IBD) virus was subjected to serial passages up to the 25th passage through chicken embryonated eggs (CE), chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF), or duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEF). As a result, it became attenuated only by CE-passage. The strains of IBD virus obtained at the 25th passage were materially the same in virulence for CE, judging from the induction of death and hemorrhage of the embryo. The attenuated virus obtained by CE-passage however, seemed to be more virulent than that obtained by passage through CEF or DEF, indicating the adaptation of the attenuated virus to CE.
    Lines of precipitate were formed by agar gel immunodiffusion between IBD viral antigen and serum samples collected from chickens inoculated with the CE-passage virus. They appeared to decrease gradually in number with the progress in passage. Finally, all the samples collected from chickens inoculated with the attenuated virus developed a single precipitation line. On the contrary, some serum samples collected from chickens inoculated with the virulent virus still produced more than one line.
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  • Minoru HIGASHIHARA, Yujiro SUZUKI, Yasuji SAITO, Yoshiteru IGARASHI, I ...
    1978 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 46-48
    Published: June 01, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (395K)
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