Uirusu
Online ISSN : 1884-3433
Print ISSN : 0042-6857
ISSN-L : 0042-6857
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Volume 70, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Reviews
  • Review Norovirus
    Kazuhiko KATAYAMA
    2020 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 117-128
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: September 18, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.70.117
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Noroviruses commonly cause infectious gastroenteritis and massive food poisoning. There is an urgent need to elucidate the infection mechanism of noroviruses and to develop vaccines and therapeutic drugs. In addition to human disease, noroviruses have been implicated in animal disease. Noroviruses that cause murine diseases can be propagated in strained cultured cells, and for many years, murine norovirus has been used as a model for human noroviruses that could not be propagated in cultured cells. That model and advances in technology have been instrumental in basic studies of noroviruses. From structural biology, noroviruses undergo dynamic shape changes to improve their infectivity when they infect cells. New culture techniques have made human intestinal organoids available for studying the mechanisms of pathogenic expression of human noroviruses in the intestinal tract, mechanisms of infection growth, and the search for receptor molecules. Vaccines and antivirals using human intestinal organoids are under active development, and some are already in clinical trials. In this paper, I review the latest research results, vaccine development, and other advances from the history of norovirus discovery.
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  • Hepatitis C virus research so far and in the future
    Koichi WATASHI
    2020 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 129-134
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: September 18, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.70.129
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three researchers who contributed to the development of the disease concept ''non-A, non-B hepatitis'' and the isolation of its causative agent, hepatitis C virus (HCV). Technologies and experimental systems to analyze HCV have been greatly improved for these three decades, and the antiviral treatments against HCV have been developed. This review summarizes the effort to elucidate the HCV biology so far and the remaining subject to be solved in the future. I also introduce the studies to identify bioactive natural products by taking advantage of the HCV infection cell culture system.
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  • Development of hepatitis B virus culture systems
    Yuichi AKAHORI, Makoto HIJIKATA
    2020 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 135-146
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: September 18, 2021
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2222/jsv.70.135
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Recent development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) culture systems has proceeded the molecular virological studies of the life cycle of HBV including infection step. However, the reproduction of HBV life cycle under the more physiological condition may be required to know the nature of HBV more precisely. The HBV culture system, we recently developed using immortalized human hepatocytes cultured in the three dimensional condition, seemed to be one of good tools for that purpose.
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Special Issue: SARS-CoV-2
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