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Volume 23, Issue 2
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Hiromichi MIZUTANI1973 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 119-124
Published: June 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (905K) -
1. VIROLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON ADENOVIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION IN INFANT ASYLUMMuneyuki MATSUDA, Koji KATORI, Kumiko MATSUURA, Takashi NAKAYAMA, Kent ...1973 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: June 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors' virus watch program on an infant asylum in Toyama City revealed that adenoirus type 1 (Adv. 1) was prevailing in the population over a period from May, 1966, to June, 1968. Each individual was examined quantitatively for antibodies against Adv. 1 (NT and HI) in relation to virus isolation from feces. The following results were obtained.
1. A systematic pursuit was required for the study of Adv. 1 infection on virus isolation from feces and antibody contents in serum in each individual. In many cases, Adv. 1 was excreted intermittently. No significant antibody reponse was observed over a period from 2 to 4 months after the first virus isolation.
2. No antibodies in serum seemed to affect Adv. 1 in feces. The infectivity of Adv. 1 in fecal specimens to HeLa S3 cell culture was low, but remained unchanged even after antibodies against Adv. 1 were detectable in serum.
3. HEK cells exhibited a higher susceptibility to Adv. 1 than HEL and HeLa S3 cells, which became as susceptible to Adv. 1 as HEK cells after 2-3 blind passages. Hep-2 cells were less susceptible to the same virus than any of the three types of cells.
4. No significant clinical signs were manifested even by children excreting Adv. 1 intermittently for a long period of time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1103K) -
I ATTENUATED INFLUENZA A2 HONG KONG VIRUS AND ITS BIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSToshiro IZUCHI, Hiromichi MIZUTANI1973 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
Published: June 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to investigate the development of an attenuated influenza virus strain for live vaccine.
The attenuation of the A2/Hong Kong type Abe strain of influenza virus was made possible by the adaptation of the strain to such low temperature as 28°C after 20 serial passages in embryonated eggs free from avian leukovirus. During the process of adaptation, plaque purification was performed twice and 5 serial passages were also conducted by the limiting dilution technique.
The cold-adapted Abe strain of influenza virus showed an impaired capacity of reproducing at elevated temperature (38°C) and acid pH (5.7 to 5.9), as compared with the original strain. It was adsorbed more slowly to chick embryo fibroblast tissue culture cells (CEF), eluted more rapidly from chick red blood cells, and more resistant to inhibitor of horse serum than the original strain.
It had no virulence for either mice or hamsters, but elicited a good response to serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody and satisfactory nasopharyngeal IgA formation.
Reproduction of challenge virus was inhibited completely in the lungs of mice immunized with live virus vaccine. On the other hand, a virus dose of 102.5 EID50 was detected from the lungs of mice immunized with killed vaccine and 105.5 EID50 from those of untreated control mice. These characteristics were maintained even after 3 serial passages in embryonated eggs at 34°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1110K) -
II. EVALUATION OF COLD-ADAPTED INFLUENZA A2 HONG KONG VIRUS IN VOLUNTEERSHiromichi MIZUTANI, Toshiro IZUCHI1973 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: June 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn their preceding paper the authores reported that an attenuated strain of A2/HK influenza virus had been obtained by the adaptation of virus to growth at 28°C in embryonated eggs. In the present paper, the responses of volunteers administered with this cold-adapted strain of influenza virus were described. A live vaccine was prepared by differential centrifugation from the infected allantoic fluid of leukovirusfree SPF eggs. The volunteers were 18 to 62 years old and divided into three groups. The first group received 0.5ml of a commercially available inactivated influenza vaccine subcutaneously and, a week later, 0.3ml of this live vaccine nasopharyngeally. The second group received 0.5ml of the inactivated vaccine subcutaneolusly and, a week later, 0.3ml of placebo vaccine (PBS) nasopharyngeally. The third group received 0.3ml of the inactivated vaccine nasopharyngeally and, a week later, 0.3ml of the live vaccine nasopharyngeally.
Sera were collected from all the groups and examined for HI antibody. Antibody response was determined by the percentage showing a fourfold or greater rise in titer and by an increase in geometric mean titer. After the final vaccination, 45% of the sera developed an antibody response (geometric mean titer rising from 26.5 to 27-9) in the first group, 20% in the second group, and 40% in the third group. The majority of those who had been inoculated with the live vaccine manifested no clinical symptoms. It was also revealed that the live vaccine was effective for stimulating a local IgA response.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
Sakae ICHIOKA, Hiromi ISHIWA1973 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 148-156
Published: June 01, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: March 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemperature-sensitive mutants (ts mutants) of Lactobacillus casei phage J1 were isolated by treatment with nitrous acid or hydroxylamine. A total of 56 ts mutants were classified into 9 groups, I-IX, by the complementation test. The representative ts mutants of each group were assigned on a linear map according to the additive recombination frequency in two factor crosses.
In temperature-shift experiments, the ts mutants of groups II and III were shown to be defective in the early functions for phage multiplication. Groups I, VI, VIII and IX were defective in the middle functions, whereas groups, IV, V, and VII were defective in the late functions.
The formation of serum-blocking power could be detected with the ts mutants of groups I, IV, V, VII, and VIII, but not with those of groups, II, III, and VI.
The synthesis of phage-specific DNA was measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into an acid-insoluble fraction using the host bacteria whose DNA synthesis had been arrested by ultraviolet irradiation. The mutants of groups II and III were found to be incapable of synthesizing phage-specific DNA at the nonpermissible temperature.
On the basis of genetic analysis and findings on gene expressions, the ts mutants defective in the early functions (groups II and III) appeared to be located near one end of the genetic map.View full abstractDownload PDF (1220K)
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