“Sennetsu” is a well known endemic disease to cause a high fever accompanying enlargement of subcutaneous lymph nodules in Kyushu especially in Kumamoto, Miyazaki and Fukuoka Prefectures. According to the Ohtawara's report the disease would give positive Paul-Bunnel (PB) reaction, might be caused by a filtrable agent and might be the same to the glandular fever described by Pfeiffer. In the past few years a rickettsia-like body agent, however, was isolated from the patients which was nominated by Misao as Rickettsia sennetsu and by Fukuda as Rickettsia todai respectively differentiating from Rickettsia orientalis mainly through the cross challenge test in human volunteers and in animal experiments. Contrary to it the agent was described by another investigators to be Rickettsia orientalis. Furthermore, the disease could be cured by the administration with some antibiotics and it was said that a rise of titer in both Weil-Felix reaction against OXK and PB reaction was given on paired sera from the patient. Consequently it seems unlikely that “Sennetsu” in Kyushu can be the infectious mononucleosis.
On the other hand it has been made clear by Dr. Tamiya and his associates that scrub typhus patient might exsist over all Japan in any season especially in summer and the winter. Then it was necessary to elucidate relationship between scrub typhus and “Sennetsu”. Prior to differentiate scrub typhus from “Sennetsu”, attempt was made as to whether or not Rickettsia orientalis might contain a Forssman (F) antigen and whether the scrub typhus patient might give positive PB reaction on sera collected from scrub typhus patients as well as inoculated animals.
The results were obtained as follows.
1. A rise of titer of PB reaction in 20 rabbits weighing 2.5-3.0kg was seen on 1st to 3rd weeks sera among those collected weekly until the 9th week following intra-ocular, -testicular and -dermal inoculation with mouse organ emulsion infected with 10 field rodent strains and 3 patient strains of Rickettsia orientalis and then fell down. Such positive turned in negative after absorption with guinea pig kidney but the titer did not change in 2 samples and fell down by 1/2 to 3/4 in 7 samples after absorption with cow red cells according to Davidsohn's test.
2. The similar results were obtained on sera from 6 rabbits inoculated with normal mouse organ emulsion.
3. No rise of titer of PB reaction was obtained in 6 rabbits inoculated with infected rabbit testicular emulsion which was proven not to contain any F antigen. From the foregoing results it was seen that the rise of titer of PB reaction in rabbits 1) and 2) was caused by F antigens contained in mouse organ emulsion and Rickettsia orientalis may not contain any F antigen.
4. Low titer of positive PB reaction was seen on sera from 3 rabbits inoculated with infected HeLa cell suspension. Presumably it was caused by calf serum added to the culture media which was known to contain F antigens.
5. Sera from 3 guinea pigs containing F antigens did not show any positive PB reaction following intraperitoneal inoculation with normal mouse organ emulsion.
6. PB reaction on sera from 3 albino rats not to contain any F antigen resulted in negative following intraperitoneal inoculation of mouse organ emulsion infected with 2 field rodent strains respectively.
7. The rise of titer of PB reaction was seen in 4 out of 7 healthy volunteers following intradermal inoculation of normal mouse organ emulsion. The results on sera after Davidsohn's test were obtained similary to 2) in rabbits. No relation was found between a rise of titer of PB reaction and blood types especially Aiv factor.
8. The significant rise of titer of Weil-Felix reaction was given on paired sera among 20 serum samples collected from 16 scrub typhus patients in Niigata Prefecture in 1955, while sera gave a low titer O-1: 28 of PB reaction.
9. Out of 9 healthy

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Within 1 h. after inoculation of HVJ Z strain of 8, 000-80, 000 HA u. into abdominal cavity of mice implanted with Ehrlich's tumor cells, many giant polynuclear cells appeared. The process of giant polynuclear tumor cell formation was a fusion phenomenon of agglutinated cells by HVJ.
The appearance of fused cells is in need of the following condition.
1) The tumor cells are vitable.
2) The hemolytic activity of HVJ is strong enough to destroy the tumor cell membranes severely.
3) When the concentration and hemolytic activities of HVJ are sufficient, the cells grow into fused cells at high concentration and degenerate into lysis at low concentration.
4) At the optimum concentration of virus and cells, shaking incubation is very effective for fusion, on the contrary under stational condition the cells degenerate into lysis.

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In Asian'flu epidemic, 81 viruses isolated from 157 cases at Gunma prefecture and serological tests were performed with paired sera.
The virus donors showed significant rise in CF and HI antibody titers with paired sera and there was no difference between CF and HI tests for the detection of antibody responses.
Most of the sera from cases in 1st wave showed remarkable titer rises with P strain but not with Q strain. In 2nd wave, however, some cases indicated demonstrable titers against both kinds of virus.
Hemagglutination-inhibition tests were performed with paired sera from 75 patients in previous influenza outbreaks and none of these sera showed detectable antibody against the Asian'flu virus. Antibody patterns in pooled sera from the Asian patients were determined with prototype strains. Serum pools from children and young adults showed significant rises in antibody titer against Asian and FM1 viruses. The group from 30 to 40 years of age showed such rises against Asian and PR8 viruses, and antibody rises to Asian and Swine influenza were demonstrated in those above 40 year of age.
It is clear that a principle labelled “the doctrin of original antigenic sin” has been demonstrated also by the data following infection of Asian'flu virus.

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As has been reported by Markham (1957) the intravenous inoculation of large doses of fresh living NDV (Miyadera strain) into mice produced widespread hemorrhagic lesions in the intestine and the animals died. Such hemorrhagic effect was not obtained when NDV was inactivated by certain physical and chemical procedures. Mice immunized with living NDV were protected from such effect, but not when immunized with inactivated NDV.
Contrary to the cases previously inoculated with inactivated NDV or influenza virus, mice inoculated with a small dose of living NDV showed inhibition of the above effect, while mice previously administered a suitable dose of corticosteroide hormone showed also a fairly marked inhibitory effect.
Contrary to the cases immunized with inactivated NDV, mice immunized with living NDV showed asthmatic attacks following the nasal instillation of concentrated NDV. The allergy antigens of NDV and influenza virus were serologically independent. Considerations were made of the above mentioned phenomena that are based on the interaction between NDV and mice.

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1) Coxsackie virus (Group A, Type 2, Shida strain) can be serially cultivated over prolonged periods on mouse muscle tissue grafted to chick embryo chorioallantois.
2) After 11 or 12 passage by this method, the Coxsackie virus can be cultivated for more than 15 generations in chick embryo alone without reduction in virus titer.
3) The incubation period is longer with the chick embryo adapted strain when inoculated in the newborn mouse compared to the original strain.
4) The adapted strain does not show a cytopathogenic effect on L-cells but with in the range of 4 passages conducted in the study, a trend for growth of the L-cells was noted.
5) It was verified by neutralization tests using immune mouse serum that the adapted strain was Coxsackie virus Group A. Type 2.

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