Between or among different strains of phage ε 15 which were obtained from S. newington, S. selandia, S. newbrunswick, S. cambridge and S. kinshasa of group E₂, and S. canoga, S. illinois and S. thomasville of group E₃ no difference was noticed in their host range, heat resistance, resistance to ultraviolet light, effect of pH and effect of citrate.

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The attempts were made to isolate the agents into the tissue culture human embryonal skin muscle cells, from the fecal specimen of a case with typical Guillain-Barré syndrome, namely the dissociation of “cyto-albumique” of spinal fluid, paralysis of both legs and without fever, of age 5 years old boy. The cytopathogenicity was observed clearly at 5th tissue culture passage level following three days of incubation. The pattern of this changes were of similar nature to that of polio's. The maximum TCID₅₀ was revealed to be of the vicinity of 10^-4.5/ml. Neutralizing antibody was found in the patients sera against this agent, which was not apparently neutralized with 3 types of polio-antisera and their mixture sera. The agent was temporary designated as “Kakiki Strain”, of which neutralizing antibody titre exhibited 1:64 in both paired sera obtained at 12th and 21st day of illness. No discernible changes were observed in the tissue culture HeLa cells and chick embryo fibroblast cells No pathogenic effect was shown in suckling and adult mice as well as in the developing chick embryo inoculated through the chorioallantoic route and yolk sack route. The suggestion would seem to be made in the line that this agent could be of similar character to ECHO viruses.

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The formation of antiserum against this strain was observed in rabbit. The tissue culture fluid used as an antigen was weekly inoculated through intramuscular route. The neutralizing titre was 1:80 after a week which remained unchanged for several repeated inoculations.
The antibody distribution of this “Kakiki strain” was screened in employment of the sera obtained from the group of the children with Guillain-Barré syndrome, paralytic polio, and control healthy individuals respectively. The figure revealed positive antibody presence 8/10 in Guillain-Barré syndrome, 3/10 in polio, and 6/10 in controls. The positives were mostly found in the sera age over 3 years in the view of age distribution. The relation of this Kakiki Strain to the Guillain-Barré Syndrome was discussed.

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While studying the hemolytic activity of HVJ, it was hound that various preparations of allantoic fluid virus differed markedly in their hemolytic ability. 0.01M phosphate buffered saline suspension of virus prepared from these allantoic fluids of highly egg-adapted HVJ also showed considerable differences in their hemolytic ability. It was supposed, therefore, that the difference was not due to the different amount of inhibitor contained in each allantoic fluid and also not due to the heritable properties of virus. These findings raised a possibility that there existed some other factors affecting the hemolytic activity of this virus. Indeed, it was observed that the size of inoculum and the incubation period of infected egg markedly affected the hemolytic ability of yielded virus. Hemolytic ability of virus increased with increasing dose of inoculum but decreased as an incubation period was lengthened. Furthermore, it was also discovered that, the hemolytic ability of HVJ decreased during the incubation of allantoic fluid above 12 hours at 37°C and by repeating of absorption to and elution from chick red blood cells.
When HVJ transfered from mouse to chick embryo, the variation in hemolytic activity was observed. The mouse passage line virus material prepared from infected mouse lung had no hemolytic activity. On the other hand, the 1st egg-passage virus (from mouse) behaved as a nonhemolytic form but after the treatment of freezing and thawing this virus was found to be highly hemolytic. However, the virus multiplied in the lung of mouse inoculated with 1st egg passag virus was found to have no hemolytic ability. A possibility that this is an example of host controlled variation was discussed.
An attempt to find a lecithinase activity in highly hemolytic HVJ particles was made, but no evidence for enzymatic activity in this virus was obtained in this experiment.

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Facts that the Sendai virus has a characteristic growth curve both in a tissue culture system and in eggs, i.e. a longer latent period for a cycle growth when compared to that of the other viruses, belonging to MNI group has stimulated this work. The successful serotherapy of Sendai virus infections in mice is the subject of this communication.
The antiviral serum obtained from rabbit immunized with the chorioallantoic fluid culture of this virus was used throughout the experiment.
In order to get the uniform infections among experimental mice, preliminary studies were performed to establish the standard condition of the infection. For this purpose, 3 weeks old ddmice were choosen and the inoculum virus was atominzed. Allantoic fluid culture of mouse adapted strain was used as the seed because of its high content of complete particles, when compared to the virus of mouse lung.
Effects of time of administration and the absolute amount of immune serum on the fate of infections, were chiefly examined with two different inoculum size. In general, earlier the administration time and smaller the size of inoculum, the higher the survival rate. When the serum was given as early as 6 hrs. after infection, the amount of antibody did not show the signifficant influence on the survival rate within the limit of this experiment. But the effect of the amount of antibody was quite remarkable when the serum was given later, e. g. 12hrs. after infection. 80% of the mice infected with 3 LD₅₀ followed by the treatment at 6 hrs. after infection survived more than 2 weeks. With this group of mice, the virus growth in lungs and the concentration of antibody in the blood stream were pursued day by day. When compared to the control mice without any treatment maximum growth of virus with treated was as low as 1/100 in the sense of EID₅₀. Also the characteristic change of virus particles to incompletness has been noticed in the lung of treated mice.
The immune serum here used did not contain any precipitins against aqueous extract of normal mouse lung.

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In a previous paper, some purification studies on the receptor destroying enzyme (RDE) produced in a particular medium containing hog stomac mucin, which allowed the highest production of RDE by V. cholerae, have been reported.
For the application of this purified preparation on serological studies of influenza infections and also for detecting the viral hemagglutinins in the organ of animals infected with influenza virus, some systematic researches on the optimum conditions for the action of RDE, seemed advisable to investigate. The results of basic studies obtained along this line are the subject of this communication.
1) Using chicken red cells and ovomucin as the substrates, quantitative studies of RDE activity have been performed. The higher the concentration of the substrate, the higher concentration of enzyme was necessary. Linear relationship was obtained between the log concentration of the substrate and of enzyme in order to destroy the activity of the substrate completely after fixed period of incubation.
2) Optimum temperature and pH for the action of RDE was 37°C and between 6.5 and 7.0, respectively.
3) Ca ion concentration was an important factor for the RDE action and the optimum concentrations laied between M/100 and M/200. Deionization with EDTA, sod. citrate and sod. oxalate worked out to inhibit the RDE action and the effectiveness of these substances was in this order.
4) The provisional working standard of determining the titer of both α-inhibitor and RDE has been proposed. Following to this standard, x/4 unit of RDE was necessary to destroy the x unit of α-inhibitor under standard condition of incubation, i.e. at 37°C for 1hr.
5) Methods to remove the residual activity of RDE after the completion of the reaction have been examined. Heating was favourable for practical use particularly at the time of serodiagnosis. However, there was the difference of heat stability between purified RDE and just cholerae filtrate. The assay with 2.5% sod. citrate saline, which have been customly used as the routine procedure to remove the residual RDE activity was not so satisfactory when high concentration of RDE was used. 1% aqueous solution of EDTA was preferrable with regard to this respect.
The conditions determined above will give us an idea that how much unit of RDE should be used in order to remove the known amount of α-inhibitor contained in the specimens to be tested, and also how to remove the residual activity of used RDE. However, the existence of the other kind of α-inhibitors among the biological specimens which is not impaired by the above procedure was not ruled out.

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A method of propagating Newcastle disease virus in a static culture of adult chicken tissue (spleen) was described in the previous paper. Influence of various conditions for this type of culture upon the virus propagation was further investigated in the present study. The important results are summarized as follows.
1. There was no remarkable difference in final virus titers among cultures using different material, such as Japanese rice paper, filter paper, perforated cellophane, glass surface and agar bed, to fix tissue fragments. Of there materials, Japanese rice paper was the most convenient for practical use.
2. There was no difference in final titers between cultures under anaerobic conditions (using nitrogen) and those under aerobic condition (using air or oxygen). This fact seems to indicate that no oxygen is necessary at least practically, for the multiplication of virus in tissue culture.
3. Rubber stopper or carbon dioxide gas is used usually in culture with a low concentration (below 1%) of tissue. In a culture with a higher concentration (1 to 3%) of tissue, however, the multiplication of virus was more conspicuous when cotton stopper was used. It seemed that the cotton plug served for the discharge of excess carbon dioxide gas which was usually produced in the culture with such a high concentration of tissue and that consequently, it also served to prevent the pH of the medium from unfavorable lowering.
4. The virus propagated in tissue cultures with spleen from a highly immune chicken to almost the same level of virus titer as in those with spleen from a normal chicken.

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The present paper deals with the susceptibility of several species of Triticum, Aegilops and Agropyron, and certain hybrids between them, to wheat yellow-mosaic virus (Marmor tritici var. fulvum Mck.) when these plants were grown on virus-infested soil in boxes, with special reference to the relation between the susceptibility and genome constitution of the plants. The experimental results shown in Taales 1 and 2 may be summarized as follows:
(1) Regarding the genus Triticum, no plants belonging to ‘Einkorn’ (genome constitution: AA) and ‘Timopheevi’ (AAGG) were infected with the virus, but some of the tested plants belonging to ‘Emmer’ (AABB) and ‘Dinkel’ (AABBDD) showed the ordinary mosaic mottling with different infection rates.
(2) Three plants of Aegilops, Ae, caudata var. polyathera No. 1 (genomes: CC), Ae. squarrosa var. typica No. 1 (DD) and Ae. crassa No. 2 (DDM^cr M^cr), were found susceptible.
(3) Among the tested plants of Agropyron, Ag. triticeum No. 1 and Ag. ciliare No. 2 showed only faint mottling on the young leaves, in which no intracellular inclusions (X-bodies) were recognized.
(4) In the test of hybrids, the plants of T. vulgare×Ag. elongatum (genomes: AABBDD) and Ae. sharonensis×T. durum (S_s¹S_s¹ AABB) were found to be susceptible to the virus, particulary the latter expressed severe mottling with the infection rate of 100 percent. On the other hand, however, the plants of Ae. sharonesis×T. aegilopoides (S_s¹S_s1¹ AA) were immune.
(5) From these results, it seems that the genome ‘A’ in the plants tested bears no relation to the susceptibility of plants to the virus but that genomes ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’ have some connection with the susceptibility. It appears, moreover, that the genome‘B’ is more dominant than the other genomes mentioned above.

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It was shown that poliovirus type I (Brunhilde strain) and type III (Nakamura strain) can be serially cultivated over many generations in the developing chick embryo and this can be verified by the interference diagnosis test which is specifically prevented by sera of monkeys taken during the convalescent phase of poliomyelitis.

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