Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-9213
Print ISSN : 0369-4550
ISSN-L : 0369-4550
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Volume 69, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Greeting
Special Issue : “Effects of Air-Borne or Intentionally-Applied Seawater on Crop Cultivation”
Introduction
Original Paper
  • Plant Nutrients Naturally Supplied to Land from Seawater
    Yasuhiro NAKANISHI, Tatsuma MATSUTANI, Kiyoshi OZAWA, Hajime NARIOKA, ...
    2015 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 4-13
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.69.4
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    On small islands like the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan, salts derived from seawater frequently drift to land, and the amounts carried by typhoons or monsoons become larger and can cause serious damage to crops. However, such a transfer of sea salts means a natural supply of plant nutrients contained in seawater to agricultural land. This study evaluated the amount of salts transferred from seawater to land in the Ryukyu Archipelago. The measurements were carried out in the southern part of Okinawa Is（26 oN）, Miyako Is. and Ishigaki Is.（24 oN both）, and were compared to the Tsu area（34 oN）on the mainland of Japan. In each area, 5 spatially open points were selected to set up an aerosol gauge developed for this study. The amounts of Na＋ trapped in the gauge were in the range of 1.8～2.6, 13.9～30.7, 10.8～22.4 and 10.6～16.4 g m－2 y－1 in Tsu, Okinawa, Miyako, and Ishigaki, respectively. The concentration ratios of Cl－/Na＋ in each area were almost the same as that of seawater, 1.798. The amount of K＋ derived from seawater in the archipelago areas was 0.4～1.2 g m－2 y－1. Na＋ trapped in typhoon events had a high positive correlation with the maximum spontaneous wind speed at some study points on Miyako and Ishigaki islands. The amount of Na＋ trapped in typhoon events in the archipelago areas was 11～22 times higher than that in the Tsu area.
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Review
  • Salt Tolerance in Pyrus Species and the Potential of Cultivation Using Saline Water
    Kazuhiro MATSUMOTO
    2015 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 14-20
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.69.14
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The fruit of the Japanese pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）has certain unique attractive features, including a crisp-textured juicy flesh. As a consequence, the cultivation of this fruit has extended beyond East Asian countries. However, knowledge about Japanese pear cultivation under salt stress is limited. In general, the salt tolerance of deciduous fruit trees is relatively poor. Nevertheless, the use of suitable rootstocks is enhancing the salt tolerance and fruit productivity of such trees. In the present review, I summarize the study of salt-tolerant rootstocks in Pyrus species, and describe the salt tolerance mechanisms that have developed in P. betulaefolia. In addition, practical techniques for enhancing the salt tolerance of Japanese pear are described, and the possibility of using saline water in the cultivation of Japanese pear is discussed.
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Original Paper
  • Effects of Salt Water Application on Defoliation and Growth of Pear Trees
    Tatsuya MATSUMOTO, Kiyoshi NEDU, Shuji CHINO, Kiyohide KOJIMA
    2015 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 21-30
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.69.21
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The objective of this study is the development of a defoliation technology for pear trees by spraying salt water. The effects of the concentration of the NaCl solution on defoliation were investigated. The defoliation period of Japanese pear ‘Shinko’ treated with 3 ％ NaCl solution was the same as 6 or 10 ％ NaCl solution, and the leaves of those treated were lost earlier than those of the control（NaCl solution of 0 ％）. However, the promotion effect on the fallen leaves by the NaCl solution was not seen on European pear ‘Le Lectier’. To clarify the influence of early defoliation by spraying salt water on tree growth, elongation of the shoots, growth of fruits and starch content of the branches were investigated. In previous years, the adult trees of Japanese pear ‘Hosui’ and ‘Shinko’ were treated with 6 ％ NaCl solution in 2009 and 2010. The defoliation of the branches of two pear cultivars were promoted by spraying the NaCl solution. In 2010, elongation of the shoots on Japanese pear ‘Housui’ and ‘Shinko’ showed little difference. However, in 2011, elongation of the shoots of ‘Hosui’ and growth of fruits of ‘Shinko’ treated with NaCl solution were clearly reduced. The starch content was investigated by a simple assay method. The starch content of the shoots was decreased by early treatment of NaCl solution. These results show that early defoliation was caused by spraying the NaCl solution. In addition, these findings suggest that accumulation of starch content and the growth of pear trees in the following year might be affected by second consecutive year treatment with the NaCl solution.
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Commentary
Original Paper
  • Effects of Lactoferrin and Its Pepsin Hydrolysate on Physiological Conditions of Fish
    －Reduction of Physiological Dysfunctions of Methotrexate-treated fish－
    Kiyomi TAKASE, Izuru KAKUTA
    2015 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 36-41
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.69.36
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Lactoferrin（LF）has a profound modulatory effect on the adaptive immune system, as well as improves nutritional and physiological conditions. LF is easily degraded by pepsin in the stomach and it is reported that its pepsin hydrolysate may diminish the activity. Some cultured fish have a stomach, and others do not. In this study, we investigated the effects of bovine LF, its pepsin hydrolysate on the physiological dysfunctions of stomachless fish treated with methotrexate（MTX）. Goldfish, weighing about 15 g, was treated intramuscularly with MTX（2.5 mg/kg body weight）three times every other day. In control fish fed a commercial diet, MTX induced severe immune suppression, and an increase in the number of total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal tract, as well as intestinal damage such as lowered and thickened mucosa and thinned muscularis externa. Pretreatment of LF（oral administration of LF at 200 mg/kg BW/day）for 2 weeks reduced remarkably the deleterious side effects induced by MTX. LF treated at pH 4.0 with 2 ％ porcine pepsin for 2 h at 37 ℃（D4-LF : LF moderate hydrolysate）enhanced the immune response and reduced significantly the physiological dysfunctions of MTX-treated fish. In MTX-treated fish fed LF hydrolysed at pH 2.0 with pepsin（D2-LF : LF severe hydrolysate）, however, little significant improvement of the physiological dysfunctions was found. Oral administration of LF moderate pepsin hydrolysate, that is, reduced the physiological dysfunctions of fish treated with MTX, and its severe pepsin hydrolysate was much less effective than undigested LF. These results suggest that for cultured fish possessing high pepsin activity with low pH in the stomach, administration of enteric-coated LF or simultaneous administration of LF and substances for neutralizing excessive acids in the stomach is more effective.
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  • Removal of Cesium Ions from Contaminated Seawater in Closed Area Using Adsorptive Fiber
    Taka-aki SOMEYA, Shiho ASAI, Kunio FUJIWARA, Takanobu SUGO, Daisuke UM ...
    2015 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 42-48
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.69.42
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Insoluble cobalt ferrocyanide（Co-FC）microparticles were impregnated onto a polymer chain grafted onto the surface of a 6-nylon fiber by means of radiation-induced graft polymerization and subsequent precipitation. The resultant Co-FC-impregnated fiber was immersed in either nonradioactive or radioactive cesium（Cs）solution in seawater in an initial Cs concentration range from 60 to 5.0×10－4 g-Cs/m3．The adsorption isotherm correlated well with a Langmuir-type equation. In addition, the mass-transfer capacity coefficient was determined by fitting the experimental data of the rate of Cs adsorption onto the Co-FC-impregnated fiber to theoretical adsorption curves based on the Cs concentration difference between the bulk and the interface in seawater as a driving force of the overall adsorption rate. Decontamination factors（DFs）as functions of fiber weight and the contact time required for the removal of cesium ions from the contaminated seawater in a closed area were estimated using the above-mentioned values.
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Commentary
Relay Essay (11)
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