The problem in renovation work is that several works happen on the same time, which reduces workability and produces lots of construction wastes in interior and installation work. The purposes of this research are as follows ; 1. Find out the problem in renovation process, while dwellers stay at their house. 2. Find out the problem in reconstruction of variable infill. 3. Examine the possibility of reusing the variable infill materials. The results are as follows ; Working process and working hour are important elements to minimize the construction period when dwellers are staying at their house. The non-modular parts of the variable infill materials are difficult to reuse. It is examined that most variable infill materials, except flooring, have possibility to reuse at renovation work.

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The purpose of this research is verification the Infill Management System (IMS) by examining the usage of variable infill in the Flex Court Yoshida to which the Infill Management System (IMS) is applied. The followings are grasped ; because changing dweller's needs take a time, it is hard to say that the IMS is useful in the early stage of dwelling. Thus in the IMS, it is important to consider movable storing furniture in the early stage of dwelling and to give information of partitions and fittings to dweller in the long term of dwelling.

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the specialty of guidelines and to organize problems on the evaluation of the registration system for anti-crime condominium in Hiroshima. The evaluation of the registration system in Hiroshima is the first institution that gives shape to the concept of crime prevention in Japan. We adopted interviews as investigation methods. The result is as follows. The institutional specialty is that the screening standard is simple. The registration system in Hiroshima is one of the way which spread the CPTED concept among the developers and residents. It is the problems of the system that the screening standard should be reviewed, and supported by residents' security activities.

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We researched the house plan, living style of houses in Shen Yang, northeast China. We cleared how to use a Kang and living conditions of houses. We can find the tipycal northern life style that people use a Kang as original heating system and they have unique activities on the Kang. Many life work is developing on the Kang, for example sleeping, eating, firesude, relax and so on. A Kang is most important system ranked in northeast China.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the way of living of middle-aged people (50-64 years old people) when they get older. We conduct the questionnaire survey for middle-aged people who lives in Kizu-cho, Kyoto. The results are as follows : 1) 60% of them think about the living plan of their advanced age term. 2) If they become alone, 30-40% of them hope that they continue to live in the present house, but other people are going to choose place from various choices. 3) Over 60 years old, they suffer inconvenience with their house and improve their house.

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The densely populated areas with which this study is concerned suffer from lack of privacy for residents, due to the fact that houses are placed so closely that noises from the neighbors can be interfering. This study aims at grasping the characteristics of "built-in storage space" of residential structures that is used as buffering space from neighboring environments. We analyzed the relationship between storage space and the conditions of its environment by investigating fishing villages of a remote island. In brief, we have found out that the storage space of a house is mostly arranged on the side that is closest to the neighboring houses. We suspect that such an arrangement is intentionally made considering that the most closely facing side to the neighboring houses tends to be used as a storage space.

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Multi-unit residential building based on the Open Building concept is called "S/I house" in Japan, and the number of S/I house construction is on the increase. On the other hand, the demand of infill refurbishment of existing buildings, which was constructed in mass-housing era, is also increasing. Field observations of infill refurbishment of three dwelling units in existing S/I building which had their own infill systems in each were conducted, and construction efficiency and construction process were discussed. It revealed their characteristics and problems in case of individual infill refurbishment, which differ from newly infill construction in various respects.

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We field surveyed 4 architectual spaces which are enclosed or surrounded by darkness, and estimated relations of their spatial images with physical design elements paying attention to darkness distribution and luminance contrast. We also examined relations by models in 1/10 scale. As the sesult, we have found that (1) spatial order images such as enclosure surrounding, expanding are created by placement and size of the openings which inflence darkness distribution, (2) atmosphere images such as serenity and vividness are created by luminance contrast which are created by exposed beams and columuns and by reflection of sun light on the floor, and (3) attractiveness of the spaces is created by combination of the spatial order images and the atmosphere images.

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The subject of this paper is to make evident the changes in farmhouse plans in Harbin city and Shenyan city, Northeast of China. We surveyed farmhouses from traditional to modern near Harbin city and Shenyan city. But, concerning old farmhouses built before World War II, we depended on the reports that were written by Japanese researchers at that time. The results showed that plans for farmhouses changed according to progress in the heating system.

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Facing to the beginning of the 21st century, the situation involving the city in Japan is changing drastically. It is necessary to reorganize the central city area where was not considered and planned as area which bears the core of the city in urbanized society. This paper focuses on four subjects on reorganization of the central city area in urbanized society; necessity of reorganization of the central city area as measure of the city planning, existence of many theme which relate various fields broadly and across boundaries, systematization of related plans in a local government, systematization of related organs.

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Once, Niigata was the Canal City. The canals covered the town and rowboats were coming and going. However, these canals were filled in at the time of the rapid economic growth of the Showa 30s. Although the reclamation of the canals and the Shinano River have an important meaning in Niigata's city formation, there is no detailed research, studies nor data on this process. In this research, the process in which the canals are lost from Niigata is clarified toward the revitalization of the canals expected in the future.

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This aim of this study is to examine the large scale nature rehabilitation by focusing on Changing Places Project of Groundwork Trust, the U.K. It investigated Berryhill fields and Griffith park projects by interviews and site visits. It can be summarized as follows. Both projects are millennium celebration projects, which enabled to obtain National Lottery Fund and undertake large scale projects. Partnerships can vary by projects but public participation is practiced from planning phase by building partnership. Future tasks are the management methods and cost, and especially to encourage the use by the public.

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Important considerations on landscape redesign of streets are as follows : Landscape image of the street in urban planning and continuity of the planner-designner such as a committee including citizens. Steps of design decision and informed consent of design. The relation of the landscape of streets and that of surrounding. Partnership and cooperation of the persons concerned from planning to maintenance, especially the existence of the coordinater and the decision of the supervisor. Refinement of the design methods of urban design and architecture, civil engineering, landscape gardening, etc. Making guidelines for refinement of the design methods and order system in cooperation with relevant academic societies.

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The Scheme of Management (SM) based on the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 is playing important roles in the UK's garden cities for the maintenance of living environment. Although the contents of the SMs of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City are similar, the actual administration of the SM in each garden city has clear characteristics of its own. While Letchworth's living environment is preserved through inhabitants' voluntary compliance to the SM, Welwyn's SM is being hidden behind planning control. We can explain this difference in the administration by the differences in size, inhabitants' homogeneity, historical experience and relationship with public authorities between the two garden cities.

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Reclamation of the woods of Obihiro is performed by collaboration of administration and citizens. The woods design of Obihiro started in administration initiative. Then, citizens also joined argument of the woods of Obihiro positively. Systematization also of the citizen activity was carried out, and Arbor Day etc are held in cooperation with administration every year. Reclamation of the woods of Obihiro is developed with cooperation between both. Collaboration of administration and citizens in the woods of Obihiro can be regarded as town management. This research is an investigation report based on a field survey.

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This report shows the planning method of "process of community based planning which starts after the decision of master plan". The process seems to consist of serious of "field of consultation" and the core of the method in the "4 decision type ; NPO type, Person with territorial right type, District type and the Citizen type" which is set as the purpose of it. The report clarify the detail of the method analyzing the gap between the decision type which is set as a purpose and which is done as a result of "field of consultation" which are held in Tsuruoka city.

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The purpose of this paper is to verify the accountability and transparency in urban planning in Denmark after analyzing the history of decentralization, urban planning system, and public participation. Since the start of decentralization in 1970s, the governance structure of Denmark has been evenly trifurcated into three tiers, national, county, and local levels. Beyond what is required by the planning act, municipalities encourage public participation by making announcements in various medias and cooperating with resident groups from the beginning of local planning process. This results in increased accountability and transparency in local governance in Denmark.

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It is anticipated and hoped that World Cup Soccer will not only activate its convening organization but will also afford opportunities to the localities in which the participating teams will establish camps for training and lodging. There is a tendency to discuss only the economic effects that will accompany the regional activation, but societal results are also an important aspect. Accordingly, the case of the 1998 World Cup Soccer Tournament in France, which was the immediate precedent to the 2002 Tournament that was held in Japan and the Republic of Korea, was taken up for study, with an examination of the societal aspects of the conditions of activation in the localities where the teams had camps, by means of questionnaires sent to local governments and through on-the-spot polls and surveys.

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In Japan, There has been a strong demand that building construction sites should reduce construction byproducts to decrease the burden to the environment. Recently, we have administered an investigation to grasp the amount of construction byproducts at construction sites, with which we examined various methods to diminish construction byproducts and analyzed their efficiency. For this study we have continuously investigated the kinds and the amount of construction byproducts in the construction process. As the result, various factors at the construction sites revealed the effectiveness of sorting out mixed byproducts of the construction byproducts. We suspect that controlling the amount of byproducts at construction sites would contribute to reducing the burden on nearby environments.

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This study examines the legislation and management system for multifamily housing in the Republic of Korea. A part of them has a striking similarity to Japan, but the other has distinctive characteristics, such as the relationship between laws, management issues by developers, capacity building in the management, maintenance systems. This study analyzes these issues in comparison with Japan, extracts strong points and problems in theoretical and practical aspects, and shows some suggestions to Japan.

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Under the background of aging society proceeding in earnest, the expectation on housing improvement that basis of elderly people's community life is increasing. But the condition from the view of the building contractors which concerning with housing improvement site directly has little known. In this paper, according to the questionnaire survey on construction companies in Fukui prefecture, the purpose is to clear that effort on housing improvement and improvement content of building contractors, and for this purpose, we analyzed 326 housing improvement cases by 119 contractors. The main conclusions are summarized as follows : (1) About the effort on housing improvement, medium-scale building contractors is more active than large-scale building contractors. (2) The participation to the workshop will make the effort on housing improvement better. (3) However the participation to the workshop will not necessarily reflect to place or content of housing improvement.

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This report is part of a series of studies (preceded by Parts 1 through 4) targeting the residents of a rental type community cooperative housing complex. The study goes beyond conventional concepts for facility planning involving the providing of needed functions, by clarifying the need for living space planning with a mutual permeation of consciousness with regard to people, activities and spaces, in order to form an all-encompassing creativity for group living and leisure time. This paper reports on the joint activities involving residents of the cooperative apartment house Aruju. It reveals that the value of collective living at Aruju is enhanced by various activities in the collective lives of residents, including events, the rotation of meetings, and communication that takes place on the continuous balconies.

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Autonomous regenerating mechanism will be facilitated by leasing infill of building if infill could be movable property. The report presents technology development of floor system by which infill can be treated as movable property. The developed floor system involves innovative flexible interface between pipes and equipments that enables quick and easy connection and removal.

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Some of "Nagaya", the Japanese traditional townhouses, have survivied over a century, by undergoing several renovations. But the way of renovation is very temporary and gradual. Why the Nagaya survived in spite of the weak way of renovation? The purpose of this study is to find a reason of their long surviving with their weak renovational technologies.

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This report presents the kiwari-systems in the architectural manual books that were written before the early part of the 17th century. Those old records were handed down to the recent years by the KOBAYASHIS who were inaugurated as the DAIKU-TORYO that was the post for the authorized carpenters in SHONAI-HAN. Their descriptions are about the architectural techniques to all kinds of architectures and the architectural formalities, so they are important to study Japanese Middle Ages architectures. Among those architectural techniques, this report presents especially the kiwari-systems of the gate.

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Old Tottori feudal clan man's families were immigrated at Asaka wilderness in Fukushima Prefecture for reclamation in early stage of Meiji government. That is decided for the Life foundation of Old Tottori feudal clan man's families and the National promotion of industry strategy. We have got the documents of Tottori Reclamation Company in Kohriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture. In this report, we will show the survey maps and architectural drawings in the documents and will define the early process of reclamation in Asaka wilderness, by verifying these documents.

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The existing walls of the historical building "Kurohane Clinic" (1912) were examined with the X-ray non-destructive investigation. The investigation was to confirm the way was constructed, such as the structural members, the rot of materials and the condition of the wall sheathing. It was not possible to confirm them with inspection. It would be historical buildings. As the result of the investigation, there are no bracings found. Also it is clear that the two methods were used for the wall sheathing, one is the wood lath is laid across the studs 45degree in "Okabe" and the other is the "Takekomai-sitazi" in "Shinkabe". However, the rotten members have not been found.

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We compared coastal areas and inland areas in the region of Tokyo Bay in terms of the characteristics of how green open spaces are arranged. This paper assesses the relationships of their characteristics in reference to population density and green open space. We discovered the following points about coastal areas (1000 meters to 2000 meters from the shore line) and areas with the population density of 150 people/ha. 1. There is a lot of agricultural space in inland areas that are less populated. 2. There is a lot of green open space in coastal areas, and they are mainly placed in densely populated areas. Therefore, from the research results, we point out that there need to be plans that support arrangement characteristics of both inland areas and coastal areas about how the green open spaces should generally be arranged in regions such as Tokyo Bay.

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A computer system to produce zoning patterns of a model house in preservation districts for groups of historic buildings in Kanegasaki, Iwate pref. has been developed (Grid-System for zoning). We have been surveyed and researched Jonai-Suwakoji district from 1996, and the results are used in order to compose conditions with which the Grid-System automatically produces the zoning patterns of a model house. An algorithm based on stepwise moving grid has been applied. Some simulated results by using the Grid-System for zoning has been demonstrated.

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It is highly desirable to be able to reproduce the brightness of the real space by the virtual reality system. The effect of the luminance adaptation and background luminance was examined, using the CABIN -a large stereo- scopic imaging system-, to compensate for the insufficient power of the projector units. Light quantity was surely important for the brightness, but this study shows that some extent of luminosity insufficiency could be made up by the adequate control of the luminance adaptation.

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In the Japanese building construction filed, it is very hard to use of PM (Project Management) supporting systems made in foreign countries. Since these soft wares are difficult to fit for Japanese special culture and costume. Therefore we researched and developed the PM Supporting system (named CAMES : Collaborative AEC Management Enhanced Supports) for Japanese building construction market. CAMES was developed on package software (Microsoft Project 2002 & Project Server 2002) and we made an automatic producing WBS function, special viewing functions, and so on.

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We have been applying the rapid prototype method to communicate with designers and customers. In this report, we describe the development of virtual simulation system for condominium. The features of this system are the technology about taking background picture using balloon and about reproduction for noise environment. And it is reported that our challenge was aimed at integration of the environmental simulation.

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These days the study in community comes into notice. This paper reports the method of architectural professional education connected with the local community choosing Houeihigashi park redesign in Kure city as a case study. The analysis is based on the data of questionnaires for students and hearing for workshop staff and local government officer about the effects on the study in community. This architectural exercise connected with the local community has some effects not only to study practical methods but also to develop citizen's opinion at the workshop for visual drawings and models.

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The author has experienced continual learning in architecture and physical chemistry. In this series of this study, the difference of study between HOW TO and WHY has been disappeared. Especially, in this report, necessity of the parameter for study of WHY, fusion of two special subjects, idealistic situation of graduate school of science and engineering have been cleared.

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This paper shows the questionnaire survey results on education of building steel structures in technical colleges and universities. This questionnaire contains the questions on the present state and importance of study items in education of steel structures. According to this survey, ranking of the important items and present state of the educational problems are presented. These results will become useful information for selecting the education items for the limited time of lectures.

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This report describes an outline of "The Symposium of Architectural Education" at AIJ, between educational field, industrial world, and society. Additionally, we analyze some problems for innovation of architectural education at the age of "Life-long Learning, which brought forward at the symposium and opinionnaire, as Continuing education, Education for children and citizen, and so on."

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Damage due to the Northern Miyagi-ken earthquake of May 12, 1900 is surveyed through reconnaissance reports and newspaper articles at that time. Damages are rearranged by local municipality unit and listed. Damage degrees are evaluated by these damage data and plotted on a map. Heavy damaged towns and villages are found on the lowland along the rivers. Details of human casualties can be also revealed from newspaper articles. Two persons were injured by housing collapse and the others were injured during evacuations.

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The Nagaoka earthquake of February 2, 1961 is well known as that it occurred under the condition of deep snow deposits as high as 2 meters. At that time main attention was focused on the relation between building damage and snow load and these discussions can be traced on the related reports. However, emergency response after this earthquake was not discussed in details. This is a phenomenal earthquake occurred in deep snow condition and many lessons should be learned from this earthquake for disaster management in snowy district. Details of this earthquake were surveyed through reconnaissance reports and newspaper articles at that time. Emergency responses after the event are revealed.

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Discussion is presented on the following items of the report. (1) Description of building conditions with regard to the report of effective infiltration area Needs of the description of building conditions influential to the effective infiltration area are pointed out for the improvement of the predictability of the infiltration area at the fire safety design of commercial buildings. (2) Reported smoke layer interface height in the fire initiation room The smoke layer interface height in the fire zone just after the ignition reported in Figure 3 (a) is too low, which is probably attributed to the innocent application of the N% principle to the temperature profile in an originally thermally stratified fire room.

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The author thanks Yuji Hasemi, for his discussion, and the answers are as follows ; (1) The space around the selling floor is classified into such components as peripheral walls, doors and equipments. Specifications are presented for respective components. Thirteen types of peripheral walls are covered. The method blocked up infiltration area between peripheral walls is described. (2) The reason why the height of the layer of smoke that is determined using the N% method based on the temperature at T3 measured in the test is at a low level in approximately 100 seconds after ignition is identified. The phenomenon is attributed to the vertical distribution of temperature before ignition.

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