The present paper deals with the chemical composition of tannins in green Ichida Kaki by means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and such color reagents as HCl-formalin, iron alum, bromine water, acid lead acetate, basic lead acetate and ammonium sulfide.
It was observed that the composition of tannins was dependent on the freshness and the processing method of samples.
In the unripened fruits investigated, both mobile and immobile condensed tannins were detected in the components separated by TLC. The presence of tannic acid (or gallate) and low-molecular-weight polyphenol was also confirmed.

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In a previous work we learned by organoleptic evaluation that the aroma of 'Koromo of Tempura' was formed when wheat flour was fried with corn oil, but when wheat flour was replaced by wheat starch or when corn oil was replaced by silicone oil, the aroma was not formed.
In order to determine the origin of the aroma, wheat flour was fractionated into three parts, wheat starch, gluten and water soluble components. These fractions were fried with olive oil, separately or in combination, and the aroma resulted from the deep frying was analyzed organoleptically.
It was detected that the aroma was formed by combined water soluble components and gluten. Among the water soluble components amino acid was considered to be responsible for the aroma. Therefore various amino acids were added into the mixture of starch and gluten and the batter was deep-fried with olive oil. It was discovered that either glutamic or aspartic acid was responsible for the formation of the aroma.
The effects of oils on the production of the special aroma were also investigated. The olive oil was substituted by chemically synthesized pure triolein to which various other oil materials were added.
It was observed that the aroma became much closer to that of 'Koromo of Tempura' when 5% Me. linoleate was added to triolein. Unsapponifiable matters, such as phytosterin, added to triolein had no such effect on the aroma.

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The identification of a collagen in abalone muscles was made. The changes in abalone collagen and the texture of abalone muscles during heating were investigated.
Results obtained are summarized as follows :
1) There was a larger NaOH-insoluble fraction in abalone muscles than in other kinds of muscles and about 80% of it was a collagen.
2) The abalone collagen was gradually gelatinized upon being heated at 100°C, but the amount gelatinized in 3 hour heating was only 7% of the collagen used.
3) On heating at 100°C orange-G-binding site and safranin-O-binding site of the collagen rapidly increased to some extent, and ammonia was gradually generated from the collagen. On these bases it was assumed that, on heating at 100°C, collagen fiber rapidly unfolded and amide group was degraded.
4) Of various muscles tested, only abalone muscle became soft on heating. This characteristic phenomenon was assumed to correlate with the unfolding and the degradation of amide group in abalone collagen.

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The barks of Myrica rubra have been rather extensively used as a dyeing agent since the medieval centuries in Japan. In this dyeing process, myricetin, which is a flavonol type pigment, and about 12% of condensed tannins are involved. The silk cloths dyed with this stuff mostly show the colors which are determined to be yellow based colors by Munsel color formula, tints of which being dependable upon the types of the mordants employed.
According to our extraction experiment in which silk cloths were placed in the extract, it seems quite certain that the tannins dissolve out first and then myricetin comes out. This is also demonstrated by the fact that the silk cloths dyed with pigment-tannin extracts have darker color than those dyed solely with pigment.
It can be said that tannins contribute to the reduction of chroma of dyed cloths in vegetable dyeing. The color fastness tests show that myricetin is not very much resistive to ultraviolet rays.

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In order to elucidate a better way of technical guidance in increasing sewing efficiency, we have been doing some research into cooperative sewing.
In the present paper we investigated cooperative sewing of pyjamas from the viewpoint of operation and allowance by the work sampling method.
1. The average percentage of actual sewing operation time and allowance were 84% and 21% respectively.
2. We further investigated existing allowances and found that the practice work left much to be desired. Some of those points are :
1) To reduce waiting time caused by that the work is not assigned adequately to co-workers and consequently the workers do not complete their assignments simultaneously.
2) To increase the number of tools and the area of working room in accordance with the num

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We picked out the machine operation in the cooperative sewing of pyjamas and investigated its rationality.
1. As for the machine sewing operations observed, there was difference in time required by individual operators for completion of a process.
2. The slowest operator took about two and a half times as long as the fastest one.
3. Quick and beautiful sewing can be achieved when the hours on machine controlled work and manually controlled work are arranged to permit the rational and steady cycle of the work.

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In this report 182 elementary school girls were divided into two groups by their thumb-lengths and sewing needles of three different lengths were tested by these two groups in order to find the most effective length of the needle.
The sewing efficiency was evaluated by the length of cloth sewed in a certain period of time, number of stitches and their uniformity.
It has been disclosed that the most suitable length of the needle is 64±4% of the thumblength for elementary school girls to increase the number of stitches and the length of cloth sewed in a given time.
So far as the improvement of the uniformity of stitches is concerned, a needle a little longer than that mentioned above, in other words 68+5% of the thumb-length, has been proved to be most suitable.

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In the former paper, the author reported some problems of home management in farmers. In this paper, in order to discover what problems exist in home management in shopkeepers who are considered to be as much influenced by the changes of social circumstances as farmers, the author sampled 100 shopkeepers' wives and examined their abilities to manage homes after the same method as the former.
The author concludes as follows :
1) Generally, the subjects examined were more capable of home management than farmers' wives. The comparative merits and demerits of their abilities, however, showed almost the same tendency as those of the farmers' wives' abilities.
2) Among the actions of home management, the subjects were excellent in controlling, and deficient in planning and directing.
3) As for the use of resources in home management, it cannot be said that they fully utilized household appliances and community facilities. Even so, they made more frequent use of those resources than farmers' wives did. They did not manage time efficiently and did not employ the knowledge and skills of family members to their maximum.

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In the former papers (20, 76-79 and 23, 400-403) the author reported some phases of home management in farmers and shopkeepers. In this paper the author viewed some points of home management in wage-earners. One hundred wives were picked out respectively from office workers' and manual workers' wives, and their abilities of home management were examined after the same method as the former.
The results are as follows :
1) There was difference between both groups' abilities. Office workers' wives were better at home management than manual workers' wives.
2) In the action of home management both groups were proficient in controlling. Office workers' wives were deficient in planning and directing, and manual workers' wives in planning and coordinating.
3) As for the use of resources in home management both groups were deficient in the use of time. Office workers' wives were more interested in foods, clothing, and housing than in money itself, while manual workers' wives were more interested in money and clothing than in foods and housing.

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For the purpose of improving the clothing and textile education in senior high schools, a questionnaire on clothing and textile activities in home management was administered to the parents of the girl students at six senior high schools in five prefectures. The questiones were classified into two groups : one consisted of 465 farm-homemakers and the other 755 homemakers who were not farmers and did not have any employment.
The following results have been yielded.
There are little differences between the two groups in using the washing machine. In the matter of sending out laundry, there are some differences between them. There are some differences between the two groups in the way of taking up the matter of the worn clothes, due to their attitudes towards living in general.
The survey on “At what stage are your clothers disused ?” discloses that there are differences between the homemakers and their daughters. For example, in case of slips, 30% of homemakers use them until they are worn out, but only 16% of daughters do so.
In clothing and textile education in schools, it would be required to develop the abilities to judge, select, and decide what should be bought, how they should be taken care of and how long they should be worn, in connection with consumer education.

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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the desires or the concept of senior high school girls concerning : (1) clothing and textile activities in their present living; (2) the most ideal state of clothing and textiles in their living; (3) subjects to study in the clothing and textile course.
The same families as in Part 1 were subjected to this part of studies.
Approximately 80% of 1, 134 girls checked off the item “I am conscious of wearing clean clothes tidily” in (1) mentioned above. “To wear clean clothes tidily” was supported by 82% of the girls in (2) above. Other items in (2) which were more closely connected with phases of care and economy were checked off by less number of the girls. As for the item (3) 56% of the girls wanted to acquire the knowledge to make clothes themselves, 47% to select appropriate clothes, and 46% to wear them well; but the knowledge for management of clothing and textiles was less regarded.
There were differences, significant at the 0.01 level, between freshman, junior, and senior girls in the following items : (1) desire to learn fundamental techniques of clothing construction; (2) desire to develop the ability in selecting clothing; (3) the circumstance in making living plans connected with clothing and textiles; (4) the circumstance in not wasting money on clothing and textiles.
The following three points are the conclusions :
1) The main purpose of clothing and textile education is to teach how to wear or how to manage the living concerned with clothes.
2) The necessity of clothing and textile management education will be increasing. It should meet the community needs, develop interest of the students, and be appropriate to the course in senior high schools.
3) The fundamental part of techniques of dress-making, embroidery, knitting, etc. should be taught in lower classes. In upper classes more technical phases of the works should be taught as an optional subject. Subjects in the clothing and textile management must be studied integrally and scientifically.

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