Journal of Home Economics of Japan
Online ISSN : 1884-7870
Print ISSN : 0449-9069
ISSN-L : 0449-9069
Volume 24, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Junko IYODA, Shun NOGUCHI
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 169-175
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The “nuts” in this paper is not necessarily strictly classified botanically but includes the nuts as ordinarily used, and distinguished from the “seeds” and “fruits.” The fatty acid compositions of oils obtained from various familiar nuts, seeds and fruits by means of gas-liquid chromatography were comparatively investigated. In general, major components of the nut oil were oleic, linolic and palmitic acids. The ratio of oleic to linolric acid content of any nut oil was higher than that of seed oils.
    Further it has been observed that pine seed oil contains an unidentified fatty acid in amounts of about 15% or more. The mass spectrometrical work to date has identified the acid to an isomer of linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid (6, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid).
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  • Nobuo HONMA, Noriko INAKOSHI, Utako SHIBUYA, Kazuo ISHIHARA, Reiko OKA ...
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 177-183
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Aroma is an important factor to evaluate miso-soup although it is unstable on heating. Volatile components existing in the headspace above miso-soup heated at 100°C were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and the relationship between gas chromatographic data and sensory evaluation was examined.
    The following results were obtained :
    1. Among volatile components of unheated miso-soup, the following compounds were identified; acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. In addition, isovaleraldehyde and/or α-methylbutyraldehyde were identified with heated misosoup.
    2. During heating, quantities of the aldehydes in the headspace vapor increased, while alcohols and esters decreased.
    3. Aroma of miso-soup which was heated in closed container was stronger than that heated in open container.
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  • Kohji HORI, Ikuko SONODA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 185-187
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Some investigations were made on the effect of seasonings on the viscosity of the aqueous solutions containing the mucous substance prepared from okra (Abelmoschus esulentus). The seasonings studied were vinegar, salt and sugar; and the reagents of acetic acid, sodium chloride and sucrose were employed.
    The mucous substance of okra was extracted with hot water and precipitated twice with ethylalcohol. One part of 0.2% aqueous solution of this precipitation and ten parts of various “seasoning” solutions of different concentrations indicated in the figures were mixed together and the viscosity of the mixture was measured by Ostwald's viscometer. Special attention was given to pH values of the mixture solution.
    The viscosity decreased as the acetic acid concentration increased. The viscosity was the maximum at pH of 5.5.
    The viscosity was high at high sucrose concentrations.
    Sodium chloride did not affect the viscosity. Except for this point, characteristics of mucous substance obtained from okra were similar to acidic polysaccharide in respect of the viscosity of its aqueous solution.
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  • Deformation in a Piece of Fuse cut by Kitchen-Knife
    Takako OKAMURA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 189-195
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The cross-section of the kitchen-knife having the thin cutting edge were observed and photographed by means of travelling microscope.
    It was observed that the very edge of the kitchen-knife was not formed by two blade surfaces but formed by two other surfaces. The angle contained by these two surfaces that formed the edge was larger than that which should be formed by the two surfaces of the blade. In the cross-section of the kitchen-knife the angle contained by the line of the sharp edge surface and the line connecting the very edge point and the intersecting point of the lines of the blade surfaces was larger than the angle contained by the dull edge line and the connecting line stated above.
    The strains induced in the piece cut by the kitchen-knife were measured on both sharp edge side and dull edge side. It was detected that the deformation on the sharp edge side was greater than that on the dull edge side.
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  • Fungus Stains on Fiber and How to Remove Them
    Sachiko FURUTA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 197-202
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Several kinds of fungi isolated from the air were cultivated on fabrics and their growth and way of making spots were observed. Then the method of removing the spots was studied. It was found that silk and wool were stained with water soluble colored products of fungi, in a similar way to dyes. When colored hyphae grew only on the surface of fabric, we could remove them rather easily. However, when inner parts of fabrics were infested by fungi, especially by fiber digestible fungi, the fabrics were apt to be deteriorated by removing the spot.
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  • Factors which affect the Detergency of Sodium Oleate Solution
    Kiyoko FUJII, Mihoko ONO, Reiko SUGIHARA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 203-208
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to estimate the influence of ten factors which may contribute to the detergency of fabrics in Na oleate solution, a series of experiments was carried out with artificially soiled pieces of cotton and polyester cloth. Statistical analyses of 252 cases were conducted by the multiple correlation method by the use of TOSBAC-3400.
    The results obtained are as follows :
    1. The multiple correlation coefficient for the detergency and ten factors was 0.606 for cotton and 0.950 for polyester.
    2. Comparing the standardized weight vectors of ten factors with one another, the values concerning the interfacial phenomena were high, but those concerning washing conditions were low, both with polyester and cotton.
    3. The experimental values closely agreed with the values calculated from the multiple regression equations.
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  • Some Effects of Panty Hoses on PhysiologicalFunctions in Hot and Humid Atmosphere
    Sada MORISE, Yoko ISHIBASHI, Yoshiko KAGANO
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 209-216
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Panty hoses are considered to be excellent in retention of heat in cold weather. They are supposed, however, to have some effects on physiological functions in the hot and humid season. The authors are reporting how physiological functions are affected by wearing panty hoses in hot and humid atmosphere.
    Six female adults wearing panty hoses and ordinary summer clothes of the same fabric and texture as well as design were physiologically examined while they were sitting still, reading, step pint up and down, and undergoing the ergometer test in an air-conditioned room of 36±1°C and 80±3% R. H. for 40 minutes. The items examined were : body temperature, extrarenal water loss, heart rate, comfort, and the temperature and humidity of the part next to the skin.
    Compared to ordinary hosiery worn with the garter-belt, panty hoses seem to be much uncomfortable in hot and humid atmosphere and to cause a severe strain on the circulatory system in view of the greater quantity of extrarenal water loss and an increase in the heart rate.
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  • The General Living Structure of Wiveswho have Employment (Part 1)
    Masu OKAMURA, Mariko KABEYAZAWA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 217-221
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is said that the problems of home management are the largest in number with the wives who are employed in blue-collar jobs. The purpose of the present research has been to understand the general living structure of such wives; to elucidate the change of the structure according to the family structure, family life cycle, and the husband's occupation; and to observe the influence of the local environment. The subjects chosen for the research were the wives who were employed by a canning company in Kitakata City in Fukushima Prefecture. A questionnaire was administered to them in October 1970 and 93 answers were collected. The findings are as follows :
    (1) The subjects are predominantly of middle age and older, with working experience of eight to ten years. Most of the families are nuclear family types. A percentage of 74.2 of the husbands are blue-collar workers with low incomes. On account of this the wives are anxious to work, with the husbands' approval, to supplement their income.
    (2) Since both husband and wife work for a low salary, their standard of living is low in spite of their combined income. For instance, the area of living quarters does not show significant increase in relation to the increase of the family size; the way they save money is not regular and systematic.
    (3) Their expenditures for durable goods are predominantly for pleasure rather than for helpful household equipment, indicating their low level of living and the lack of a proper appraisal of values of life in the entire district.
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  • The General Living Structure of Wives who have Employment (Part 2)
    Masu OKAMURA, Mariko KABEYAZAWA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 223-227
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report is the result of the research carried on with the same purpose and method as Part 1, but with the married women working for a factory producing parts of computer machines in the same city. One hundred and eight subjects were obtained. Part 1 and Part 2 also differ in the family structure and family life cycle. Therefore, the analysis was done with the focus on the change in such characteristics and regional features. The following results were obtained.
    1) Though 77.8% of the husbands are blue-collar workers, they are different from those in Part 1 in that they live in the agricultural back ground, for many of their parents are farmers. Consequently very often extended families are found among them. The average age of the subjects of this part of our statistic research is younger than that of Part 1 and most of them are in the child-rearing stage in the family life cycle. Other than for financial reasons, they give the reason for working that there are other members (their mothers-in-law in most cases) who can look after the housekeeping. Parents play an important role in family budgeting and social relations.
    2) The structure of their way of living indicates the low socioeconomic status of the area. For instance, heating methods have not yet been advanced in spite of the cold climate of the area.
    3) Due to the fact that many of the subjects got their first job only after marriage, their attitude towards realizing responsibilities for the work or duly appraising the value of labor has not yet been fully cultivated. The domestic problems arising from working couples have not been clearly settled between them.
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  • In the Case of “Anori, ” a Fishing Village in Shima
    Yasuhiko YUZAWA, Toshiko SUZUKI
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 229-237
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this report is to show empirically the husband-wife relationship in the fishing family by analyzing its power and authority and to find out the factors determining them.
    Samples are 112 housewives who have elementary school children in “Anori, ” one of the fishing villages in Shima peninsula. The authors interviewed them at their homes in July, 1970.
    1. Percentages of four types of the conjugal authority are as follows : wifedominant type 27%, autonomic type 25%, syncretic type 18% and husband-dominant type 12%.
    In this survey, percentage of the wife-dominant type is much higher than that obtained by the urban families in Kobe and Detroit. This fact shows that more wives in Anori take the lead in making decisions for home management and that their social status is comparatively high.
    2. The major factors which determine the conjugal authority are the family constitution and the wife's job. In case where both husband and wife are engaged in fishing, the authority is more syncretic and in case where the wife is “Ama” (fisher woman), it is rather wifedominant, type.
    3. The change in the industrial structure of this community will bring about an upward trend in autonomic and wife-dominant type families.
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  • Yasuharu FUJIWARA, Ayako TAKADA, Takeshi YASUDA
    1973 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 239-243
    Published: June 20, 1973
    Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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