The changes of properties of cooked rices (non-glutinous rice (Non-Glut.) and glutinous rice (Glut.)) during storage at 5 °C were studied in relation to the retrogradation of starch. The results were as follows :
1) The amount of water-soluble fraction of Glut. was larger than that of Non-Glut. The amount of total carbohydrate of the fraction of Non-Glut. firstly increased, showing the maximum value at 3 hr after the storage, and thereafter, continuously decreased. In the case of Glut., the amount of the carbohydrate was almost constant for 3 hr and thereafter decreased.
The molecular size distribution of the carbohydrates of these fractions was analyzed by GPC and pursued their changes with time.
2) During the storage, the degree of gelatinization of Glut. was usually higher than that of Non-Glut. At 3 hr after the storage, the degree of gelatinization of Non-Glut. reached maximum value and decreased, while that of Glut. gradually decreased from the beginning.
3) X-ray diffraction patterns of both Non-Glut. and Glut. were changed from A type to V type by cooking. The V type pattern of Non-Glut. was characterized by the presence of a few helical complex of amylose and fatty acids and that of Glut. was of completely amorphous. Crystalline structures were partially recovered at 24 hr after the storage and B type patterns were apparently appeared after 144 hr.

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Flow properties of gelatinized pastes of non-glutinous rice flour (Nihonbare and Honenwase) and glutinous flour stored at the different temperatures (5°C and room temperature) were investigated.
1) The gelatinized pastes of non-glutinous rice flours exhibited non-Newtonian flow behavior with a yield value. The behavior also showed the existence of hysteresis loop. The viscosity of these pastes increased with extending the storage periods.
2) The gelatinized paste of glutinous rice flour exhibited non-Newtonian flow behavior with such a yield value as that of non-glutinous flour. The flow behavior, however, did not show the existence of hysteresis loop. For the storage effect on the increase of viscosity the glutinous rice flour was not so significant as that of non-glutinous rice flour.

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Effect of butter content on the texture of sponge cake was studied using seven kinds of samples of various butter contents : 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 % of butter content to flour. Batters were prepared by mixing with a hand mixer and baked for 30 min at 170°C. The specific gravity of the batter and the specific volume of the cake were measured. Texture was evaluated by biting test using a Rheometer and organopleptic test was also carried out.
High negative value of correlation coefficient was obtained between butter content and specific volume of the cake. High negative correlation coefficients between each texture parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness) and sensory evaluation were also obtained. In particular, mouthfeel greatly correlated with gumminess and chewiness. The addition of 60-100 % of butter to flour was found to give better mouthfeel to a sponge cake.

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In order to see whether theory of the soil detachment and redeposition process is established or not, the experiments have been made.
The results obtained are as follows :
1) Based on theory, the soil detachment rate and the soil redeposition rate have been obtained from washing results of cotton fabrics soiled with iron (III) oxide particles. They are both slightly lower for the longer washing time. The soil retention on fabric, the amount of soil detached per unit time and the amount of soil redeposited per unit time calculated from the values of the soil detachment rate and the soil redeposition rate are respectively in good agreement with the experimental values.
2) In the detergent solution containing sodium tripolyphosphate, the soil detachment rate is high and the soil redeposition rate is low when cotton fabrics soiled with carbon black particles are washed. This result agrees well in tendency with the result estimated from the previous paper of the role of interfacial electrical conditions in detergency. The experiment has also shown the same result as that obtained from iron oxide particles mentioned above.

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The relation between the soil detachment rate, the soil redeposition rate and the behavior of liquid flow has been studied theoretically on using the equation between the soil detachment rate, the soil redeposition rate and the soil retention, and the equation between the soil retention and the behavior of liquid flow. In order to see whether theory is established or not, experimental values have been compared with theory.
The results obtained are as follows :
1) The soil detachment rate and the soil redeposition rate are respectively proportional tothe energy given per unit time, that is, the cube of the liquid velocity, if soils are the same in retention.
2) The soil detachment rate and the soil redeposition rate are respectively inversely proportional to the washing time which shows the same soil retention.
3) Theory agrees well with experimental values.

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In order to obtain useful data for clothing design in future, the regional thermal resistance of various kinds of skirts have been determined by using a lifesized thermal manikin. Crepe de Chine was used as a thin cloth. Experimental results are as follows :
1) In standing posture, the thermal resistance at the abdomen and the hip is larger than that at the femurs in the case of skirt length is shorter than normal, but it is smaller in the case of skirt length is longer than normal. This is remarkable in flared skirts. And the thermal resistance at the abdomen and the hip is increased with the amount of gather, but that at the femurs is decreased with the amount of gather.
2) In seating posture, the thermal resistance is larger at the abdomen and the hip and is smaller at the front of the femurs, than in standing position. So that the difference in the thermal resistance between front and back of femurs becomes remarkably larger in seating position.
3) Clo value is effected by the amount of flare or gather, besides by the poses.
4) Even though the skirts are made of the same material, the relation between do value and weight of clothing does not show a simple linear one without classification of the styles of the skirts.

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Dependence of the sewing conditions on the seam line length was investigated widely and thread tightening has been found to influence generally the seam line length. Then the characteristics of shrinkage by the thread tightening were studied, on the clothes which can be shrunk only due to the thread tightening, by sewing under various conditions.
The results obtained are as follows :
1) Under the same static needle thread tension, the shrinkage is larger when the stitch density is smaller.
2) The shrinkage is smaller when the needle is finer and the sewing thread is thicker.
3) When the stitch density is constant, the shrinkage ratio y (%) is related to the static needle thread tension x (g), as shown by the equation : y=a (x-b) ²; where a and b are constants.

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The purpose of this study was to find out causes of decubitus ulcer of the elderly patients by using several statistical methods including the quantification method entitled “II.” The data to be analyzed are 143 bedridden elderly with decubitus ulcer, and 144 bedridden elderly with no decubitus ulcer will be used as a control group. The development of decubitus ulcer was used as the dependent variable, and the 20 items concerning the patient's personal factors as the independent variables. The result of the quantification method II indicated that the value of correlation ratio was 0.197, which was not significant. However, χ²-test showed a significant relationship between the dependent variable and 3 independent variables respectively.
It was found that the items closely related to the development of decubitus ulcer were 1) the ability to care for excretion, 2) the body shape of a patient, 3) the main factor caused the bedridden condition, 4) the age of a patient, and 5) the age of the care-giver. Among them, the first two items, i.e. the ability to care for excretion and the body shape of a patient were most important factors. The normalized score obtained through the quantification method II can be used to predict the development of decubitus ulcer and to evaluate the effects of nursing care.

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[in Japanese]

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