[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Acidic, basic, carbonyl and sulfur-containing volatiles in the flesh of boiled shellfish, asari (Tapes (Amygdala) philippinarum) and shijimi (Corbicula japonica) have been studied by means of the gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and infra-red spectroscopy.
Six (iso-butyric acid, n-butyric acid, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and hydrogen sulfide) and eleven (acetic acid, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, trimethylamine, ammonia, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, iso-butyraldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, and hydrogen sulfide) components have been identified in the volatiles of boiled asari and shijimi respectively.

View full abstract

This experiment was carried out in order to study what sort of fats as well as to what extent are hydrolyzed by the intestinal lipase. In addition, it was made in order to know how the activity of lipase is affected by adding bile acids. The substrates employed were tri-n-butyrin and triolein and they were hydrolyzed by the homogenates of mouse intestine.
Hydrolytic activity was calculated from the part of the substrates which was not hydrolyzed and was determined by the hydroxamic acid method. The effect of the bile acids added to the media was also studied. As a result, it was shown that tri-n-butyrin was readily hydrolyzed by the intestinal lipase and that this enzyme action was accelerated by adding a certain amount of bile acids. It was also found that triolein was hydrolyzed by the intestinal lipase, although not as readily as the case with tri-n-butyrin. The hydrolytic activity with triolein, however, was markedly accelerated in the presence of bile acids.

View full abstract

In the previous papers, the author reported the presence of lipase in the mouse intestine homogenate.
In the present paper the distribution of the enzyme activity in the subcellular fractions of this homogenate was investigated. The homogenate was fractionated into nuclei, mitochondrial, microsomal and supernatant fractions. The lipase activities of these fractions except for nuclei were determined by the same way as previously reported (Part 3).
As a result, it was shown that tributyrin was apparently hydrolyzed to the greater extent by the whole homogenate than any fractions of the homogenate, and the supernatant fraction was the next. With triolein, on the contrary, the microsomal fraction showed the highest hydrolytic activity among all fractions, and the mitochondrial fraction the next. Hydrolysis of both substrates was accelerated by adding certain amounts of bile acids. It was also found out that, when the hydrolytic activity was shown by the hydrolysis ratio per mg protein of these fractions, the mi-crosomal fraction had the highest value of this ratio.

View full abstract

The thiamine requirement for college women was calculated from the body surface area and the required amount of thiamine was given to the examinees by the same diet (thiamine, about 1.2 mg/day).
The amount of energy of the basal metabolism and that of thiamine excreted into the urine were determined. The determined value of the basal metabolism was practically in agreement with the calculated value.
The amount of thiamine excreted into the normal urine differed from one another. As with each subject, it also differed according to seasons.
However, light labor, low calorie and hunger which the examinees were subjected to in order to get ready for the assay of the basal metabolism did not have any effect on the rate of the urinary excretion of thiamine ; the rate was the same as the usual urine.
The quantity of thiamine excreted into the urine of college women was larger than that of a person who was deficient in thiamine, independent of the assay of the basal metabolism.

View full abstract

To elucidate the mechanism of fatigue of textile fabrics by repeated washings, the model experiments were carried out by employing the launder-o-meter.
The summarized results are as follows :
1. In the case of the synthetic fiber as Nylon-6, transformation of the stress-strain curve and deterioration of the modulus of initial elasticity were observed, which might indicate progress of the fatigue of Nylon-6 fiber during repeated washings.
2. The degree of the fatigue of fiber by repeated washings was affected by the proportion of the volume of washing solution to the fiber weight and by the temperature of the solution. It was found out that the modulus of initial elasticity of the fiber decreased as the proportion became smaller and the temperature rose.
3. From the estimate of the average molecular weight of Nylon-6 fiber obtained by the viscosity method, it was assumed that the physicochemical cause of the fatigue of the fiber by repeated washings was breaking of the molecular chains, which concurred with sliding or slipping-off of the molecular chains.

View full abstract

A method of soiling white cotton cloths uniformly with various kinds of mineral and humic soil was studied. The soil sample weighing 3 grams (smaller than 105μ in diameter) was suspended in 200ml water in a polyethylene bottle of 500ml
The bottle was given a horizontal shake by machine for 30 minutes, then three pieces of white cotton fabrics (5cm × 4cm) were added. The bottle was shaken again for an hour. The soiled fabrics were checked reflectmetrically.
Deposition of the mineral soil on the fabrics was uniform, while that of the humic soil was slightly less uniform. The fabrics soiled in this way by either kind of soil would be satisfactory to laundry tests.

View full abstract

The stiffness of fabrics was evaluated by means of heartloop method employing the draping quality as its measure. The change in the stiffness caused by laminating non-woven interlining was investigated. Six kinds of wool and cotton materials were used as the sample fabrics.
Effects of several factors such as the kind of texture, thickness and weight of fabrics on the stiffness and the feel of the material were also examined. The stiffness of the laminated fabric was found to be proportional to that of the outer fabric irrespective of the interlining. The increase in the stiffness caused by lamination varied with the angle between the directions of texture and of measurement. The stiffness showed its maximum in the direction of 30° for all materials studied, while values of stiffness larger than those expected from Peirce's equation were obtained in the 60° direction for all fabrics except plain-woven materials.
The possibility of presuming the stiffness of laminated fabrics was pointed out on the basis of the present results.

View full abstract

In order to study sewing buttons systematically, the conditions of the wear and tear of the thread and cloth concerning buttoning were analyzed. It is considered that there are three cases : 1) Woven yarns of the fabric where the button is sewn are broken ; 2) the button thread is broken ; 3) The buttonhole is torn. The first two cases are discussed in this paper. Through the mechanical investigation on the strength of the specimen on which a button having two perforations is sewn with button thread, the following theoretical expression which shows the relation between the strength of the woven yarns and that of the button thread has been obtained :
t₁ λTt/2υn×1/cosθm+B (n-1)
where λ is the number of turns of the button thread through perforations of the button and yarns of the fabric, Tl is the loop strength of the button thread, υ is the number of fabrics through which a button is sewn, n is the number of the woven yarns that is sewn by the button thread, θm is the angle between the central yarn and the farthest yarn which is inclined by sewing button, B is a constant determined by structual factors of the fabric, and t1 is the tensile strength of one woven yarn.
The expression shows that when the left side is larger than the right side, the button thread isbroken, and in the opposite case, the woven yarns are broken.

View full abstract

The elasticity and sewability of sewing threads, made of cellulose, protein, and synthetic fibers, were investigated respectively under the low humidity of 35%RH. When heavy cloth was sewn with these threads by the industrial sewing machine at high speed of 3000rpm, the sewability of the threads significantly lowered-the threads broke and fluff of monofibers scattered. However, oiling was able to prevent these threads from deteriorating.

View full abstract