Experiments were carried out to determine whether or not there are differences in salt absorption in fish meat among the various species of fish and to study various factors that may affect the diffusion of salt in the tissues. Six species of fish such as cod, sea bream, skipjack tuna, horse mackerel, chub mackerel and cutlass fish were studied, and the information obtained is summarized below :
1. When salt was sprinkled directly on the meat, the salt absorption was greatest in the case of the cod, followed by the sea bream, and the chub mackerel showed the least amount of salt absorption.
2. When salt was sprinkled directly on the skin of the fish, the cod also resulted in the greatest salt absorption, followed in order by the sea bream, skipjack tuna, horse mackerel, chub mackerel and the cutlass fish.
3. The fish meat with the greatest moisture content tended to absorb salt most readily, while the fish meat with the greatest fat content tended to absorb the least amount of salt.
4. The fish with the larger muscle fibers tended to absorb salt more readily than that with smaller muscle fibers.
5. The skin structure of the cutlass fish differed markedly from that in other species of fish studied.

View full abstract

The objective evaluations for staining using colour depth value difference ΔC^* and colour difference ΔE (Adams-Nickerson, Hunter, CIE-L^*a^*b^*, CIE-L^*u^*v^*) were investigated as compared with the visual evaluations by 25 panelers.
In these results, it was found that the N_s value led by ΔC^* was closer to the visual evaluation than the ΔE by colour difference.
N_s = 5.5-log (ΔC^*/0.125+1) /log2
N_s value coincided closely with the mean value of visual evaluations for achromatic colour, but the variance in visual evaluations was not avoidable in the same way as colour change. Though the only one third of visual evaluations coincided with N_s value, the others were different from this evaluations. The evaluations were severer for the chromatic colour than for the achromatic colour, but the mode of distribution coincided with N_s value.

View full abstract

The biodegradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecane-1-derived linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and sodium laurate (soap) was observed with the river die-away tests using Tama and Nogawa river water.
The course of biodegradation was followed by the measurements of the loss of organic carbon (total organic carbon : TOC) and the ferro in reagent active substances (FRAS), and the dissolved oxygen (DO) was also measured simultaneously to observe the progress of the self-purification process by biodegradation.
In the cases of SDS and soap, FRAS rapidly disappeared, whereas TOC disappeared rather slowly. On the other hand LAS was bio-degraded very slowly. All of the surfactants used in this test were almost completely decomposed into inorganic compounds during about 30 days.
The concentration of dissolved oxygen rapidly decreased at first with disappearance of FRAS, and then increased with progress of biodegradation until TOC completely disappeared.
Nearly the same results were obtained in the tests with both Tama and Nogawa river water.

View full abstract

Through the questionnaire survey reported in Part 1, followings have become clear about boys' uniforms.
1. School uniforms of close buttoned jacket type are very popular for boys, and blazer or business suit type come second.
2. Most of the close buttoned jackets are black, and blazers or business suits are dark blue.
3. The proportion of blazers or business suits to close buttoned jackets has increased with the years.
4. Various wool/polyester blended fabrics are used for boys' uniforms more than for girls' uniforms, especially in summer.
5. Regulations of private and national boys' schools are less rigid than those of private and national girls' schools.
For 83 % of the schools which prescribe their uniforms, teachers affirm the prescription of uniforms. For 30 % of the schools which have no uniform, teachers feel the necessity of uniforms. These suggest that most teachers expect some educational effects of school uniforms.

View full abstract

The aim of the present work is to study how to diminish the electrification on slacks during a walk from the point of view of its making and putting on. Mainly for slacks made of polyester cloth, the electrified tendencies on the surface due to the differences of its slackness and various parts have been studied. Measurements of voltage on the surface of slacks have been repeated during a walk and the measured values have been analyzed. The clingingness to foot has also been studied by photographic measurements. Following results have been obtained :
1) For the slacks with wide bottom and lap, high stationary voltages have generally been observed, comparing to those with narrow ones.
2) For a slacks, the stationary voltage near the bottom is highest and the second highest part is near the lap. But for the very narrow slacks, the stationary voltage near the lap becomes a little higher than that near the bottom.
3) The stationary voltage of the inside part is higher than that of the outside.
4) In the case of putting on nylon stockings, the stationary voltage of the slacks becomes higher than that without stockings.
5) In the case of the occurrence of the clingingness to foot, its degree for the wide slacks is more than that for narrow one. And the slacks with nylon stockings clings to foot much more than that without stockings.

View full abstract

In order to know what sorts of features of the neck shape may be required to make plans for a tight fitting collar, 102 young women (ages 19-21) and 100 aged women (ages 65-75) were examined under the method to develop neck-base line on a flat surface.
1) Six somatic factors necessary to develop the neck-base line on a flat surface were found, such as neck width, front neck length, front neck guide value, back neck width, back neck length and back neck guide value.
2) The back neck width was greater than the front neck width. The mean ratio of the back neck width to the front neck width was 113.4 in young women and 104.4 in aged women.
Then the mean ratio in young women was significantly larger than that in aged women (p<0.01).
The front neck length was greater than the front neck width. The mean ratio of the front neck length to the front neck width was 125.4 in aged women and 104.6 in young women respectively. Therefore, the ratio was significantly larger in aged women than in young women (p<0.01).

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the clothes color suitable for the skin color of wearer.
Skin colors and clothes colors were first determined. Then an experiment of image effects was performed using the color simulation system. Secondly, the experimental data were analyzed according to the quantification theory type III to classify the patterns of the relation between the skin colors and clothes colors.
The results are as follows :
The skin colors are classified into natural, brown, yellow and pink system. The clothes colors are distributed in wide range of both hues and tones, especially many of those in achromatic color, blue and red system.
Image of the clothes color in relation to the skin color can be represented by four factors; evaluation, activity, potentiality and clearness.
It becomes clear that there are the clothes colors in harmony with each of the skin colors in the pattern classification of the relation between the skin colors and clothes colors.
A correlation is observed between psychological values and physical determination.

View full abstract

purpose of this study is to establish the desirable standard of house planning in respect to the storage space in our houses. In the first part of the study, we made inquiries about the household goods possessed and the evaluation of the necessity for them by the housewife, the subjects.
Then we analyzed the mutual relation between those two factors. This paper, which is Part 1 of the study, is offering the result of the analysis of goods for guests' use covering 71 items.
1. In the households investigated, the number of goods for guests' use is 41 items per house. Twenty-two items among them are possessed in more than 80 % of the households, and most of them are bedding and table wares. The housewives generally tend to possess more goods for guests than they think they really need.
2. Using the method of the Regression analysis, we investigated the cause of the variance of household goods possessed. There are significant differences in the condition of a family and the size of their house, but most influential factor is the necessity evaluation of goods for guests' use by the housewives.
3. At the Cluster analysis, the subjects are classified into 4 patterns. The differences are estimated to result mainly from the quantity of household goods for guest room.

View full abstract