Kingyokuto is an agar jelly containing sugar in high ratio. The effects of the sugar content and final cooking temperature on the texture of Kingyokuto were examined.
Proper hardness and viscosity of agar jelly are necessary for easily working Kingyokuto and for possessing good quality. The jelly texture was the hardest when final cooking temperature was 106 ± 1 °C, and the jelly had sticky texture when final cooking temperature was 108 °C.
The adhesiveness of agar jelly changed linearly with the cooking temperature. Kingyokuto was obtained in the best quality, when the ratio of the contents of water, agar and sugar was 100 : 2 : 100 and final cooking temperature was 106 °C.

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Breaking properties of cookies were investigated under compression at a constant speed. The relationships between the breaking parameters and sensory evaluations (hardness and shortness) were also studied.
The results obtained were as follows :
1) The breaking parameters obtained were regarded as apparent properties. Stress-strain curves depended on the ratio of ingredient compositions, though the rupture strain was small as 0.19-0.33.
2) A high correlation was found between rupture stress and rupture energy.
3) Regression equations were obtained between logarithm of rupture stress and hardness score, between logarithm of rupture energy and shortness score.
It was suggested that the texture qualities (hardness and shortness) of cookies might be evaluated from the stress-strain curves under compression at a constant speed.

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Chlorophyll (chl.) in spinach leaves showed remarkable red fluorescence under microspectrofluometry (SPM-RFL). Excitation and emission spectra of chi. a and b extracted and separated. from spinach leaves, were measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometry (FP-4) and a SPM-RFL.
Em. λ_max and Ex. λ_max of chl. a and b measured with a SPM-RFL were nearly equal to or somewhat different from those with a FP-4. This difference is due to the difference in measuring accuracies of the above two apparatus.
After oral administration of chl. a to mouse, fluorescence of chl. a particles were observed in villus, portal vein, mesentery, liver and thymus, when measured with a SPM-RFL.
Thus, the existence of chl. a in the tissue after its oral administration can be detectable by a SPM-RFL.

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In order to investigate the effect of residual fatty acid soils, fatty acid soaps and calcium soaps on the yellowing of fabrics washed with fatty acid soaps in hard water, detergency tests were performed 1) to remove the oleic acid as unsaturated fatty acid soils with myristic acid soap, and 2) to remove the palmitic acid as saturated fatty acid soils with oleic acid soap.
It was found that detergency of soaps in pure water for fatty acid soils was superior to that of synthetic detergents. Soaps with longer carbon chains (C₁₈>C₁₆>C₁₄) showed better detergency than C₁₂ soap.
On the other hand, detergency of soaps in hard water decreased as a result of the formation of calcium soaps, and the amount of calcium deposited on the fabrics increased as the hardness of the water increased.
Yellowing of the fabrics washed with these soaps was more remarkable as the amount of unsaturated fatty acid soils remaining on the fabrics increased and the amount of calcium deposited decreased.
It is concluded that the influence on yellowing of the fabrics washed with fatty acid soaps increased according to the amount of oleic acid soap deposited. The calcium oleate formed in the water had the least influence, the oleic acid soap had more effect, and the oleic acid had the most effect on yellowing.

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Usually we evaluate the colour fastness by the grey scale, however, there is fairly individual difference in determination of the degree of this fastness. Therefore, the more correct evaluation has been desired.
The grey scale for assessing staining is used when the stained cloths are compared with white cloths, but the grey scale for assessing change in colour is used for evaluation of the colour fastness of the cloths having various colour depth.
The grey scales are based on the Adams-Nickerson's colour difference value. But it seems to be difficult that its colour difference value is applied to the colour fastness of all coloured cloths.
Concerning the more correct evaluation, we led Nc based on the ratio of the colour depth value (ΔC^*/C₀^*)
N_c=5.5-log (ΔC^*/0.015C₀^*+1) /log2
As far as we examined the many specimens, the values led by N_c coincided more closely with the visual evaluations at the various colour depth level than the usual colour difference values.

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We inquired of five colour specialists and twenty university students to compare visual evaluation with the calculated one (N_c). This Nc values led from the grey scale for assessing change in colour coincided closely with the mean values of visual evaluations for the medium of achromatic colour, but we couldn't avoid the individual variance of visual evaluations. The only one third of visual evaluations coincided with Nc values and the others were different.
The level of evaluations were different between colour specialists and students, and the latter varied the evaluations by the instruction of grey scale. Therefore it is impossible that the visual evaluations give the correct value.
It seems reasonable that N_c can be used as the calculated evaluations of colour fastness in the discussion of hue and colour change.

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A questionnaire survey was carried out on school uniforms of junior and senior high schools in the Tokyo Metropolis. Followings have become clear.
1. Over 90% of the schools prescribe their several uniforms.
2. School uniforms of blazer type are most popular for girls, and of sailor suit type come second.
3. Most of girls' uniforms are dark blue.
4. Before the 10's of Showa, the schools preferred sailor suit type or bolero type uniforms to blazer type uniforms.
5. Private and national schools have more uniforms of sailor suit type or bolero type in proportion to the number of their uniforms than public schools.
6. Junior high schools have more uniforms of sailor suit type or bolero type than senior high schools.
7. More than 50% of girls' winter uniforms are made of all wool fabrics, while various wool/polyester blended fabrics have the preference as summer materials.
8. Private and national girls' schools regulate more rigidly the uniforms, other clothes and accessories than public schools.

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The purpose of this study was to consider cuteness in many variables. Two experiments were carried out by using the photographs of 42 children. In experiment 1, 16 adult subjects reported whatever comes into their minds about the photographs shown. In experiment 2, each of 80 subjects were asked to select 3 photographs which were felt most cute and 3 that were not felt cute out of 42, and to rate about their images.
The main results of these experiments were as follows :
1) Subjects were interested in other than child's body. But when they were asked to say the reason for their feeling cute, they stated about the Kinder Schema. 2) Social and cultural background of the subjects was one of the variables of cuteness. 3) The factors of cuteness were found by the factor analysis of semantic differential scale, concerning the image of cuteness : joyfulness, helplessness, activeness, tension, dynamics and amenability of the child.

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[in Japanese]

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