Ascorbic acid (AA) content and ascorbate oxidase activity in the leaves of Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. (I), Cleyera japonica Thunb. (II) and Eurya japonica Thunb. (III) were studied.
Seasonal changes of reduced, dehydro and total AA in young leaves of I, II and III were determined. The range of changes of reduced AA in the fresh leaves of I, II and III was 0273, 0184 and 29219 mg %, respectively, and of dehydro AA it was 20158, 18683 and 991 mg%. And in the case of total AA it was 21342, 103722 and 39268 mg%.
The highest levels of reduced and total AA were found in winter and in early spring before bud formation, but in early and middle summer, their levels were very low. Little seasonal change of dehydro AA was observed; only in early spring its content was distinctly higher. In young leaves of III in the early stage of growth, however, dehydro and total AA were remarkably higher, and markedly lower with hardening of the leaves.
In early and middle summer, young leaves of I had the highest activity of ascorbate oxidase in the decreasing order of II and III.
The enzyme activity in older leaves of I and III was equal to that in young ones, but the activity of II was found almost negative.

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The interaction between β- and κ-casein-like fractions of human milk was studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and difference spectrophotometry. The mixture of human β- and κ-casein-like fractions was stabilized against precipitation by calcium. In the ultracentrifugal analysis, the sedimentation coefficient of the fast peak of the β-casein-like fraction was s20, ω=14.7 S and that of the κ-casein-like fraction was s20, ω=19.5 S. When both caseins were mixed with the ratio of 1 : 1 or 2 : 1, a new peak of 17 S was observed at 25°C.The change in difference spectrum of the mixture was larger than that in the case of each solution alone, and agreed with that of human whole casein between the temperatures of 10 and 25°C These results seemed to show that β- and κ-casein-like fractions interact at 25°C.

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Belle Lowe refers to the milk coagulation when it is heated with carrots. In order to find the cause of the coagulation, the various kinds of carrot juice were used in this work. The following results were obtained.
1) The carrot juice prepared by heating and grinding sliced carrot contains much pectin which makes the milk hard to coagulate.
2) Ca, Mg, P which are solved or suspended in the carrot juice are almost 60% of the whole quantity and more than 80% of it are in the ion state. These ions cause the heat coagulation of milk.
3) The components of carrot differ by varieties. The long carrot juice has low pH and much Ca, and makes the milk easy to coagulate.
4) The quantity of acid and the inorganic substances in the growing carrot reach the maximum at a certain growing stage.

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Properties of polyphenol oxidase purified from Garland Chrysanthemum were investigated and the effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity and on the browning was discussed in this paper.
The results were summarized as follows :
1) Polyphenol oxidases in Garland chrysanthemum were fractionated to four kinds, called E-I, II, III and IV, by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. They exhibited 'different migrations on Disk-electrophoresis. Specific activities of enzymes purified were increased to about 580-830 times as much as that of juice.
2) Optimum pH for E-I, II, III and IV are 5.0-6.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.1, respectively. E-II was specific for pyrocatechol, whereas E-III oxidized well both chlorogenic acid and monophenol, like as tyrosine.
3) The activity of the above two enzymes was little inhibited by NaCl, while inactivated by DIECA, thiourea, L-cysteine and reduced glutathione.
4) Based on the investigation as to the mechanism of various inhibitions by ultraviolet spectra and paper chromatography, it was assumed that the inhibitions by cysteine and glutathione were produced by the formation of chlorogenic acid-cysteine or chlorogenic acid-glutathione complex having yellow fluorescence.

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Studies were made on the changes in color of fresh, pre-heated and oxidized soy bean oil as effected by fried foods.
Samples of frying materials were prepared by saturating the cotton balls in starch, glucose, glycine and various types of protein suspensions.
1. It was found that the color of soy bean oil was hardly affected by frying starch suspension even though pre-heated oil was used.
2. Changes in the color of oil effected by the frying of protein suspensions were slightly greater in the pre-heated oil than the fresh oil and did not vary with the types of proteins.
3. It was observed that the clarity of the frying oil decreased when the glucose suspension was fried, but there was little noticeable changes in the tone of color.
4. The color of frying oil darkened by frying a glycine suspension and the rate of coloring by frying increased as the frying oil deteriorated by pre-heating or oxidation.

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Possibility of replacing the builder components by NaCl and other salts in sea water at a household washing bath with beef-tallow soap or Na-LAS detergent has been investigated.
Detergency was tested by artificially soiled cotton fabrics according to Japan Oil Chemists' Society recommendation method.
Results are summerized as follows :
1) Salts in sea water exhibited negative builder effect with beef-tallow soap and, on the contrary, positive effect with Na-LAS.
2) In built-detergent of general composition : Na-LAS (18%), Na₅P₃O₁₀ (25%), Na₂SO₄ (57%), satisfactory washing effect was observed when Na₂SO₄ was replaced by NaCl or other salts in sea water.
3) Even after the removal of hard water components (Ca⁺⁺ and possibly some Mg⁺⁺) from sea water by ammonium oxalate, in the case of beef-tallow soap, builder effect of salts in sea water was rather, negative, which may be attributed to the negative effect of oxalate.
On the contrary, when Na₂CO₃ was applied as a softener, beef-tallow soap exhibited the positive blend effect.

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Distribution of radii of pore space in the PVA sized cotton fabric was determined by mercury intrusion method in pore radius range between 4μ and 70μ. And plugging tendency of PVA in pore space of the fabric as difference of pore space volume between sized and untreated samples was discussed in connection with the sizing and squeezing conditions.
Total pore space volume of the sized fabric was decreaced with PVA concentration and inter fiber pore space (4μ<γ<13μ, γ as pore radius) was filled up more efficiently than inter yarn pore space (γ>13μ).

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The present method of calibration of pressure transducer using weight is still not sufficient to take accurate and absolute clothing pressure values, particularly in light pressure range. Using a new method of calibration with air pressure, we measured and analyzed the relationship between applied pressure and response pressure.
We also investigated the performance of the pressure transducer of new type, Kulite LQL-125-25, which was 0.647 gm in weight, 0.076 mm in thickness and 0.215 cm in diameter, on the human upper arm and on the rigid model of similar size, and compared it with the results of the baloon and disc type pressure transducers.
Results were as follows :
1) The relationship between applied pressure and response pressure was almost linear and repeatable by means of calibration with air pressure. The accuracy better than 0.1% was obtained.
2) Kulite LQL-125-25 type pressure transducer showed higher adaptability to human bodies, greater sensitivity, more accuracy, repeatability and stability to temperature than the baloon type and the disc type ones.
3) The response pressure of Kulite type showed much higher value on the rigid model, while almost same value with applied pressure on the human body. And in case of placing a piece of felted cloth between the rigid model and transducer, it was decreased near to the value on the human body.

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The results will be reported here of the 1972-73 survey which was made on the transfiguration of the twenty-nine unfloored dwellings. There were nineteen of them in Uchimachi, Motosawa, Yamagata City, as of 1952, and the rest of them, ten houses, remained in Niida, the same city, as of 1965.
Four unfloored dwellings in Uchimachi have survived these twenty years, and four also have in Niida, but in both hamlets the earth-floored rooms were 'zashiki', drawing rooms. The advantage of the unfloored living is that of keeping warm in wintertime, which was certified by the author's observations.
It seems to be most strange that the remnants of the unfloored dwellings can still be seen in these areas where were not so remote from city, but the reasons might be explained in some or other ways. In the future the earth-floored dwellings will not be partially rebuilt, and they will cease to exist, because the whole old and worn-out houses are likely to be taken to pieces and be replaced by newly built ones.

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In the former papers (20, 76-79, 23, 400-403, 23, 404-407), Sakai reported some phases of home management in farmers', shopkeepers', wage-earners' and husband-wife-together-working families' living. In this paper, the authors viewed home management problems of manual workers' wives. One hundred wives were picked out from manual workers, and their abilities of home management were examined by the same method as the former.
The results are as follows :
1) As for the home management abilities, manual workers' wives were more proficient than manual workers' wage-earners' wives in general.
2) As for the home management actions they were proficient in controlling and were deficient in directing.
3) As for the use of resources in home management, they were interested in clothing and money, and were deficient in the use of facilities.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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