Effects of food additives on protein biosynthesis and on oxygen uptake of rat liver slices were examined by means of the incorporation of ¹⁴C-leucine into the total proteins. The following results were obtained.
1) Sodium dehydroacetate stimulated slightly ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation at the concentration of 5 mM, and inhibited its incorporation at 50 mM, but had little effect on oxygen uptake.
2) Sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate inhibited ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by about 50% at 2.5 mM, and inhibited markedly the oxygen uptake by liver slices.
3) Potassium sorbate inhibited markedly ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation at the concentration higher than 50 mM, but had little effect on the oxygen uptake.
4) 2, 3-Acrylic amide inhibited ¹⁴C-leucine incorporation by about 30% at 0.005 mM, but had little effect on the oxygen uptake.
From these results, these additives inhibited specifically the protein biosynthesis without the effect on respiration except for Sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate which also inhibited the oxygen uptake.

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Proton spin relaxation times T₁ and T₂ of water in cooked rice of which the water content was between 0.03 and 10gW/gDM (g water/g dry matter) were measured by pulsed NMR. Dependence of T₁ and T₂ on the water content was analyzed by assuming two types of water : one is free water and the other is bound one. The correlation time of the bound water was 4.5×10^-8 sec. The bound water fraction was determined as a function of the total water content and it was found that the bound water remained to be 0.1 gW/gDM regardless of the total water content. For the specimens containing less than 0.1 gW/gDM water, almost all the water molecules were considered to be bound, whereas for the specimens containing more than 2 gW/gDM water, the water molecules were seemed to be partially movable.

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Contents of vitamin C in sweet potatoes cooked by steaming, electronic range and roasting were compared with that of the raw sweet patato according to 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. It was observed that residual content of vitamin C in the roasted sweet potato depended on the temperature and heating time during the process of cooking. The cooking of sweet potato by roasting gave more degradation of vitamin C, when the potato was heated slowly and kept at 60 to 70°C for 10 to 15 min. While, the cooking of sweet potatoes by the electronic range and steaming gave no degradation, as a result that the heating time of sweet potato was short and that the temperature in the sweet potato reached rapidly at 100°C
Accordingly, it seemed that the tissue of sweet potato may be damaged by slow heating, following the oxidation with the vitamin C oxidase.

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Antioxidative activity and substances in black tea was investigated. The results obtained as follows.
1. Black tea infusions showed the strong antioxidative activity on the oxidation of linoleic acid.
2. The polyphenol compounds of black tea infusions were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Of those, a catechin ((-) epi-gallocatechin gallate) and the colored components exhibited the strong antioxidative activity. Then, the colored components were fractionated into three groups (F-I, F-II, F-III) on Sephadex LH-20 column. Their antioxidative activities in decreasing order were F-I (higher polymerized colored substance) >F-III (theaflavin) >F-II (thearubigin).

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Thermal transmittance of bedding materials wes measured to study the relation of the thermal retaining properties with bulk density and thickness by using the ASTM apparatus.The materials are silk, ramie, china glass which have hardly been studied, besides cotton, polyester, wool-polyester blend and urethan-foam.
Results are :
1) Cotton and silk show the highest thermal retaining property at 0.04 g/cm3 in bulk density and urethan-foam at 0.03 to 0.2 g/cm3 in bulk density.
2) Urethan-foam in small bulk density shows higher thermal retaining property when the surface is covered with cloth than no cloth. In this case, the cover may prevent the thermal air current.
3) The thicker the material is, the higher the thermal retaining coefficient is. However, when the thickness is 5-6 cm the coefficient increases if two surfaces of the material are covered with cloth.
4) When the bulk densities of the materials are same, silk and urethan-foam are good thermal retainers, but ramie and china glass poor.

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The heat absorption of clothing materials depends on their property such as hue, reflection coefficients, etc. We made experiments concerning the heat absorption of clothes under the direct rays of the sun. In the first place, the spectral distribution of direct solar radiation reacting the materials with different heat absorption was obtained according to Lambert's law. Further, the relation between the quantity of incident heat, the altitude of the sun, and the heat absorption was made clear.
The results obtained are :
1. The heat quantity absorbed by the materials in affected by the reflection coefficients of the materials.
2. The heat quantity absorbed by the materials changes considerably with the altitude of the sun.
3. The temperature variation of the material due to the incident rays is white<green<black, the temperature differences being considerable.

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The mechanism of soiling of α-Fe₂O₃ on cotton and rayon fabrics was investigated by comparing the degree of soiling and coagulation properties of α-Fe₂O₃ in various dispersion media with different solubility parameter. For nonpolar solvents, the degree of soiling of α-Fe₂O₃ was remarkable. This was comfirmed by a high sedimentation volume and a faster sedimentation rate. Conversely, a poor soiling action of α-Fe₂O₃ was obtained for polar solvents except water. In a n-butanol-carbon tetrachloride dispersion medium, the deposition of α-Fe₂O₃ on fabrics increased by a small addition of n-butanol and conversely decreased as the concentration of n-butanol was increased. From these results, it was clarified that the solubility parameter of the dispersion medium is the controlling index behind the soiling mechanism of α-Fe₂O₃ on cellulose fabrics.

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In the present study the possibility of application of photoelasticity to the measurement of stress distribution in fabrics is investigated.
By experimental investigation using photoelastic models which are composed with plane polyvinyl chloride film and have structures like that of various fabrics, distribution of lines of principal stress and principal axes of stress in those models under various loads are determined.
By using those photoelastic models of fabrics, it is expected that the mechanical properties of fabrics itself are able to be investigated.

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The moisture adsorption process of fabrics is investigated theoretically and experimentally, as the first step for clarifying the whole process of the dimensional changes due to the moisture adsorption and desorption.
Assuming that the fabric is a flat plate of the homogeneous continuum, the moisture adsorption process of fabrics is calculated by applying a set of equations for moisture adsorption.
In the experiment, the adsorption process of serge and tropical fabrics are examined in which blending ratios of wool, polyester blended yarn are different but the spinning and finishing are the same. After being completely dried, those fabrics are set in a wind tunnel and the moisture adsorption rates are measured in the wind speeds of V=0.15 m/sec and 0.55m/sec.
There is a good agreement between the predicted adsorption and the observed ones. The equilibrium moisture content at V=0.55 m/sec is lower by 1-3% than that at V=0.15 m/sec, and the time for attaining at the equilibrium is shorter.

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During the wear of clothes, the mechanical properties of the clothing fabrics change through cyclic deformation. One of the typical phenomena of such fatigue is called “Bagging”. Bagging of garment is normally seen on such areas as the elbow or knee when the severe cyclic deformation is exerted.
In order to obtain the basic information for the prediction of such fatigue phenomena, the wearing test has been carried out for three years. Twelve slacks of three kinds of Puntodi-Roma knitted fabrics are used for the wearing test. After the wearing test, mechanical properties of the specimens of slack's knee, hip and bottom areas are measured by KES-F fabric testing system. And using those data and the equation for mechanical property-hand value translation “Handle” values are also calculated.
Remarkable changes are observed in many properties and in handle. Especially, the hysteresis properties change remarkablly in shear, bending, tensile and compression properties after the wear. And it is also observed that there are the differences in the fatigue among three kinds of fabrics of worsted yarn, of wool/polyester blended yarn, and of mixed knit of worsted and polyester textured yarns.

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Concerning the filament woven fabrics of artificial fibers the correlations of the difference between small and large creases of seams and the difference between seam puckers in the filling and warp directions with the physical properties were investigated. The results obtained are as follows :
In the relatively thin filament woven fabrics used in this study, there is a positive correlation between the buckling load and the pucker evaluation value, but any significant correlation is not observed between the seam shrinkage percentage and the pucker evaluation value.
No correlation is present between the cover factor of threads running parallel to the seam line and the pucker evaluation value, but a significant negative correlation is recognized between the cover factor of threads being perpendicular to the seam line and the pucker evaluation value.

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The effects of some factors on the bending rigidity of a seam, such as the kind and the direction of fabric, stitch size and the length of seam allowance are investigated. Supposing that the rigidity of a seam part is different from that of the other part excluding a seam, the increment of rigidity by a seam is defined as the effect of a seam on rigidity, the following equation is devised :
(EI_s) X= (EI₀) + (EI₂) X
where (EI_s) and (EI₂) are the bending rigidity per unit width of a sewed sample as a whole and that of the sample part excluding a seam, (EI₀) is the effect of a seam on rigidity and (X) is the width of a sample.
By plotting (EI_s) X to X, the applicability of the equation is confirmed and values of EI₀ and EI₂ are obtained.
On the other hand, (EI₀) is calculated from Young's modulus (E) of the sample fabric and the moment of inertia of area of sectional shape of a seam part (I₀). Two values of EI₀ thus obtained are compared with each other and the effects of some factors on EI₀ and EI₂ are discussed.

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