Degree of clarification of Kakitama-jiru is regarded as an important factor in its evaluation. We measured the turbidity of Kakitama-jiru to investigate the effect of such items as seasoning, density of salt, the temperature of soup in addition of eggs, egg white or egg yolk alone and degree of freshness of the eggs on the degree of clarification.
The results were as follows :
1) Clarification of Kakitama-jiru using Katsuobushi soup was higher than that using water except it in addition of soy sauce. Kakitama-jiru using water or Katsuobushi soup became clearest by adding 0.5% vinegar, but the former became markedly turbid by not adding seasonings and the latter became more turbid by adding salt or soy sauce.
2) In Kakitama-jiru using 5% eggs, the clarification became lower in proportion to the increase of salt and in that using 10% eggs, it was highest in addition of 1% salt.
3) The clarification became higher in proportion to the rise of the cooking temperature in addition of eggs.
4) Kakitama-jiru using egg yolk alone became markedly turbid even when it was heated by about 98°C. Kakitama-jiru using egg white alone became clearest at the same temperature.
5) The clarification was higher when the eggs elapsed about 7 days after laying were used.

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Identification and comparison of the volatile acids obtained from the vacuum-distillates of rice which was cooked in a closed container and in an open container, and odor evaluation tests were carried out. The vacuum-distillates were concentrated at pH 10 and butylated with 1-butanol, conc. sulfuric acid and anhydrous sodium sulfate which were subjected to GLC and GC-MS.
Twenty-one volatile acids as 1-butyl ester were identified in the rice cooked in a closed container and an open container as follows : straight aliphatic acids (C_1-18), branched aliphatic acids (C_4-5), benzoic acid, 2-hexenoic acid and levulinic acid. Among them, newly identified compounds were as follows : straight aliphatic acids (C_1-5), branched aliphatic acids (C_4-6), benzoic acid, 2-hexenoic acid and levulinic acid.
About a quarter of the quantity of volatile acids were distilled of by the cooking in an open container.
In the sensory test, the odor of rice cooked in an open container was significantly more desirable than that of rice cooked in a closed container, because the undesirable volatile components as lower molecular fatty acids decreased during cooking in an open container.

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Correlation between physical properties and organoleptically judged appearance of butter creams, made at various stirring temperatures and shaped to star and rose decorations, was studied. Tests were performed with regard to shapeliness and shape-durability of butter cream decorations, using 5 kinds of margarines for home use and 2 for professional use.
Results were summarized as follows :
1. Every margarine had the range of an appropriate stirring temperature which showed high score in shapeliness of the decoration.
2. Although the stirring temperature at which the highest creaming value was observed varied for each different margarine. SFI of the margarine at that temperature was between 11 and 12, with only one exception.
3. High correlation was observed between shapeliness and creaming values.
4. Hardness of the butter creams which gave the highest scores for shapeliness of decorations were nearly the same regardless of the kinds of margarine.
5. SFI values at stirring temperatures which gave the highest scores in shape-durability were 10 or over.
6. It was suggested that SFI of margarine, and hardness and creaming value of butter cream. are pertinent measures for evaluating shapeliness of decoration, and SFI for evaluating shape-durability.

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Some properties of pectic substances found in fresh carrots and turnips were investigated, with results as follows :
1. The total content of galacturonic acid was 672 mg in 100 g for carrots and 555 mg in 100 g for turnips. As to the proportion of galacturonic acid contents in the four fractions, i.e. pectin fractions soluble in water (WP), sodium metaphosphate (PP), hydrochloric acid (HP) and potassium hydroxide (KP), the smallest was WP both in carrots (9.5%) and in turnips (9.3%). The highest methoxyl group content of galacturonic acid was found in WP, 5.53% in carrots and 6.30 % for turnips. The methoxyl group contents decreased among the fractions of both vegetables in the order of WP>PP>HP>KP.
2. The neutral sugars such as galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose together with galacturonic acid were recognized by paper chromatography in the hydrolysate of each fraction.
3. The molecular weight distribution of polymers of galacturonic acid and neutral sugar were examined by the gel filtration method using Sephadex G-200. Significant differences of molecular weight distribution of polymers among the four fractions in carrots were not recognized. In case of turnips, especially in HP and KP high-molecular fractions were poor in galacturonic acid and low-molecular ones contained much galacturonic acid and neutral sugars.

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It is obvious that estimation of the effective surface area is essential to evaluate the soiling properties of fabrics.
In this paper, equilibrium deposition of soils on the 5 different kinds of polyester taffeta with different filament diameter has been determined by chemical analysis of adhered Fe₂O₃·H₂O spherical particles on the fabric surface.
After saturation in the Fe₂O₃·H₂O /CCl₄ suspension, the amount of soils on the filaments and fabrics were extracted for analysis, and the packed monolayer particle distribution on the filaments as well as on the fabrics surface was proved by the scanning electron micrograph.
Comparing the number of adhered Fe₂O₃·H₂O particles (1.3, 2.0 and 4.5μm respectively) to the filaments and fabrics, the effective surface area of the fabric was estimated.
In the case of the filament, the number of adhered particles per unit surface area (N) and particle size (d) were linearly plotted in the following equation irrespective of the filament diameter :
logN=-nlogd+logk
In the case of the fabrics, the same relationship was obtained as to the number of adhered particles per unit weight.
These results may suggest a clue to find a reasonable approach to determine the effective surface area of the fabrics.

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This is a report of a pilot research made in order to clarify the peculiarity and the structure of salaried men's norm consciousness toward clothing. After a statistical research was carried out, the factor analysis of those obtained data was made and some basic factors were abstracted. According to those basic factors, the peculiarity and the structure of their norm consciousness have been clarified. The results are as follows :
1) From the results of the factor analysis of their norm consciousness, the 5 factors have been abstracted; the factor valuing prestige, union, symbolism and politeness and the factor favoring a man's suit and necktie.
2) It has been clarified that the salaried men's norm consciousness consists of the following
4 types of lower consciousness : consciousness of hope, of value and of convention and the desire tendency.
3) It has also been clarified that for salaried men, clothing has an important significance as the available and adaptable means by that they might arrange the human relation to the other members and perform their business smoothly.

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The formation of interactions between children was studied by observing children in nursery school. The results obtained are as follows :
1) The contacts with whom they could form interactions increased in number as they grew. Imitation and behavior played an important role when they could form interactions, for those 3 years old, or speech, for those 4 years old.
2) At the stage of unfamiliarity with each other, imitation and behavior could be noticed, but as they got used to each other, speech become more effective as a means of contact.
3) Once close relations had been formed, the children were sensitive to imitation and their partner's behavior.
4) Sex difference were found; boys are more active in forming interactions. Boys have contacts more often with boys than with girls. Girls tend to come into contact with boys by means of behavior, while boys with girls by means of speech. The boys tended not to notice or react to the girl's behavior. Boys also form more complex relations (consisting of more than 3 children).

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The relation between fatigue complaints of workwomen bringing up their infants and their living factors was investigated by multivariate statistical analysis. Seven factors are the age, hours taken to earn income, sleeping time, health condition, number of children, age of the youngest child and husband's opinion on his working wife.
The results were as follows :
1. Hours taken to earn income, age of the youngest child and health condition have strong relation to the number of fatigue complaints in the morning and at night.
2. Workwomen with the following conditions tend to complain of fatigue.
1) Category of “10 hr and over taken to earn income” score :
To the morning fatigue complaints …… 1.0325
To the night fatigue complaints ……2.0030
2) Category of “bringing up the baby” score :
To the morning fatigue complaints …… 0.6150
To the night fatigue complaints …… 0.8206
3) Category of “unhealthy” score :
To the morning fatigue complaints …… 0.6921
To the night fatigue complaints …… 1.2287

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A survey was conducted to determine the attitudes of the aged with regard to sex and remarriage for later comparison with the attitudes the younger generation has regarding the sex life of old people and an analysis of the factors suppressing sexuality in old age. The sample was 247 males and 169 females 60 years of age and over.
The results are as follows :
Although many of the aged males retain sexual urges, almost all of the aged females have lost them. Very few of the aged want to remarry with no difference between males and females, and many of them estimate that their children would oppose remarriage of an elderly parent. However, contrary to the ideas of the aged, many younger people consider it natural that the aged should take an interest in the opposite sex and feel sexual urges, and would agree to the remarriage of an aged parent.

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[in Japanese]

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