The adding effect of the carrageenans of Eucheuma serra into protein solutions on dispersion stability under the presence of Ca²⁺ was investigated. The protein examined were acid precipitated soybean protein, 7S and 11S globulins of soybean, commercial isolated soy protein, precipitated. milk casein, and milk α_s1-casein. κ- and λ-carrageenans of E. serra were prepared in our laboratory. Obtained results were as follows : 1) λ-type one was more effective to form stable dispersions of acid precipitated soybean protein, and soybean 7S and 11S globulins than -type one had larger effect to form stable dispersion than λ-type one. 3) By heating all of the soybean protein dispersion or solution the stabilizing effect of κ-type carrageenan was promoted. 4) The stabilizing effect of κ-type one upon acid precipitated protein of soybean depended on the concentration of coexisting Ca²⁺, but in the case of λ-type one such phenomenon was not observed. 5) In the case of milk α_s1casein the stabilizing effect of κ-type one was independent to coexisting Ca²⁺ concentration.
These results revealed that the stabilizing effect of carrageenans for soybean and milk proteins dispersion under the presence of Ca²⁺ was depend on the formation of stable colloidal dispersions and that the stability of colloidal solutions changed with combination of the protein and carrageenans.

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Effect of bound niacin in cereals on microbioassay of niacin using Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated.
As it was established that nicotinic acid was not liberated from bound niacin in cereals by autoclaving for 30 min at 120°C with 0.1 N H₂SO₄, free niacin sample solution was prepared from cereals by this method.
Non-diffusible niacin was extracted from wheat bran by Mason method, then purified by ionexchange chromatography to prepare bound niacin.
Although 1/3 of bound niacin in the culture medium was incorporated into the bacterial cells, no appreciable amount of free niacin was determined in the cells under rapid microbioassay condition which was incubated for 3-4 hr. However, the bound niacin incorporated into the cells under the conventional microbioassay condition incubated for 21 hr was acid hydrolyzable.
As the bound niacin preparation had 25 % of activity of nicotinic acid for the rapid assay, it is possible that free and bound niacins in wheat product are determined by the rapid assays for sample solution extracted with 0.1 N H₂SO₄ and with 1 N NaOH.

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Brittleness and shortness of cookies containing a high ratio of butter as their ingredients were investigated to find the relation to the taste like raw wheat flour for eleven different kinds of cookies. The cookies immediately after baking or after storing a certain period, were examined by texturometer, colorimeter, sensory evaluation and gelatinization test.
The results were as follows :
1) Texture of cookies immediately after baking, i.e. hardness, shortness and chewness was well correlated to their ingredient ratio.
2) Degree of gelatinization was generally very low for cookies containing a high ratio of butter. Some samples containing water, 28 % of wheat flour in weight showed slightly higher degree of gelatinization by addition of sugar. The degree of gelatinization of samples kept in desiccator for 14 days remained at a definite level by addition of water, 40 % of wheat flour in weight.
3) The effect of the ingredients added at the high rate on the color of cookies was more significant than that of the ingredients added at the low rate.
4) The sensory evaluation test showed that the cookies were most favorable when their ingredient ratio was 1 wheat flour, 0.75 butter, 0.4 water and sugar, 20 % of all ingredients in weight.

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In order to obtain some information on the mechanism controlling the accumulation of 5'-nucleotides in Shii-take, fruit body of Lentinus edodes, during the cooking, examinations were undertaken on the effect of drying condition on the activities of nuclease and phosphomonoesterase of Shii-take, and on the effect of heating-rate on the accumulation of 5'-nucleotides in Shii-take.
1) In an examination on the heat stability of nuclease and phosphomonoesterase, it was found that nuclease was more labile on heating than phosphomonoesterase in raw Shii-take, but became more stable with the decrease of water content, especially below 30 %, during drying.
2) On the forced-draft drying of Shii-take at 15, 50, or 80°C, no reduction was found in enzymatic activities during drying, except the reduction of phosphomonoesterase activity in the Shii-take dried at 80 °C.
3) On the cooking test at various heating-rates of dried Shii-take which was soaked in water at 0 °C, the highest quantity of 5'-nucleotides was found in the Shii-take cooked at a heating-rate of 7 °C/min, and the Shii-take dried at 80 °C proved to accumulate higher quantity of 5'-nucleotides during the cooking than that dried at 50 °C.

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In order to know the real figure of the fabric binding by the lock stitch machine sewing, the thickness of the fabric at the seam was measured by taking pictures with an optical microscope. A new term “binding ratio” is defined, basing on the cross section of the fabric under the seam, to represent the degree of the fabric binding. The effect of the thread tension and the stitch pitch on the binding ratio was discussed. The effects of the difference of fabrics and the difference of sewing threads were also discussed.
The main results obtained are as follows :
1) Pressing of the fabric by the presser foot and the sewing thread has a great influence on the fabric binding, besides the binding by both sewing threads.
2) By the machine sewing under the same static needle thread tension, the silk sewing thread binds the fabric stronger than the cotton sewing threads.
3) There is a general relation, which could be shown by one equation, between the “binding ratio” and the needle thread tension.

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For the analysis of the neck shape, the development of the neck surface is a effective method.
As the method of development, the triangular method and the tangent plane method are used.
The triangular method could be affected by twist if it is applied carelessly.
We examined the condition of twist by means of the model of which theoretical value is known.
Then drafts of the neck surface development by the tangent plane method which has no twist were drown, and their patterns were compared.
The length and the surface area could be computed.
The following results were obtained.
1) Drafts of the development of the neck surface represent characteristic features of the neck shape.
2) There are little difference concerning the length and the surface area between two methods of development.
3) Almost the same patterns were obtained by two methods (the triangular method and the tangent plane method).
4) In the triangular method the error caused by the twist on the development of neck surface can be neglected.

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This research analyzes the relation between the understanding of key words on housing and the knowledge concerning housing acquired through elementary, junior high, and senior high school education.
The results are as follows :
1) For those key words that are “fully comprehended, ” no distinct relationship can be observed between the understanding level and Housing Education.
2) Those key words that are “not comprehended” are mostly technical terms. Furthermore, the study observes that when compared with girls, a higher percentage of boys show a poor understanding of such words. This gender difference is especially obvious with key words that are often used in Housing Education. Thus, the gender difference in the level of understanding can be attributed to the difference in the Housing Education of schools.
3) Although most girls have received Housing Education through senior high school, their understanding of key words on housing is insufficient. This shows that the teaching methods and curriculum concerning Housing in schools have not achieved satisfactory results.

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The purpose of this survey is to understand the structure of the elder people's consciousness of life. The survey was conducted from June to October, 1982, in Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture.
We collected 314 samples (160 men and 154 women) of over 65 years old. The samples were analyzed by means of the Hayashi's quantitative theory III and the cluster analysis.
The results are as follows :
1) Most of the elders were satisfied with their way of life and lived a happy life. They were given warm concern by their families.
2) Their consciousness consist of such factors as (1) satisfaction/dissatisfaction, (2) financial unrest, (3) dependence on the family, and (4) self-centeredness.
3) They were divided into six groups by these factors. The characteristics of the six groups were determined by sex, presence or absnece of spouse, with or without a job, financial condi-tions, and community life.

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[in Japanese]

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