Proton spin relaxation times T₁ and T₂ in gelatinized nonglutinous and glutinous rice starch were measured at 32°C by pulsed NMR. Dependence of T₁ and T₂ on water content was analyzed in accordance with a theory of Zimmerman on the assumption of two states of water; one is free and the other is bound. The correlation times of bound water were obtained for each water con- tent. The bound water fraction, p, was determined as a function of the total water content, w (gW/gDM), for the both gelatinized starch.
1/p= 16.9ω-4.3 for nonglutinous gel
1/p= 22.8ω-12.5 for glutinous gel
Diffusion of water molecule was suggested in echo signal for the specimens containing more water than 2 g/gDM for the both starch.

View full abstract

Coliform organisms are defined as gram negative rods which produce acids and gas by the breakdown of glucose. These organisms are classified into Escherichia coli I, II, III, Citrobactor freundii I, II, Klebsiella aerogenes I, II, Klebsiella cloacae and Erwina carotovorum by IMViC reaction, liquefaction of gelatin, production of H₂S, cytochrome oxidase test and ability of growth at 44.5°C. This study was carried out to clarify the similarity among each type of coliform organisms. So the intermediate metabolites from glucose of each type of coliform organisms were examined at different incubation temperature by carboxylic acid analyzer.
The results are summarized as follows :
1. The intermediate metabolites from glucose by E. coli, C. freundii, K. aerogenes and K. cloacae were lactic acid, acetic acid, pyruvic acid, formic acid and succinic acid, although production ratio of each carboxylic acid differed each other.
2. E. coli and C. freundii type produced a large amount of lactic acid and acetic acid with a small amount of formic acid. They might be similar in their glucose metabolism.
3. K. aerogenes and K. cloacae type produced a large amount of lactic acid and formic acid with a small amount of acetic acid. They might be similar in their glucose metabolism.

View full abstract

Bread was made from mixture (95 : 5, 90 : 10, and 85 : 15) of hard wheat flour and two fiber materials, wheat bran and corn husk. The water absorption of dough containing fibers was found to be the same as that of non fiber dough, the viscoelastic charactors and the extensibility were found to be inferior to those of control, and this reduction was remarkable with dough of 15% corn husk. The loaf volume was found to be not influenced by the substitution with these fiber materials at all levels examined. The crumb texture of bread with corn husk showed the same figures as that of control, however, this texture of bread with wheat bran was somewhat coarse and the quality was estimated to be inferior and this phenomenon was especially distinct in the 15% substituted one.
As a conclusion, it would be possible to say that the substitution of wheat flour with these fiber materials at 5% level has no effect on the loaf volume, crumb texture, and sensory evaluation and this fiber bread would be of use to prevent the fiber deficiency.

View full abstract

To find more effective methods washing oyster, several traditional method were examined to retain its freshness and to eliminate bacteria. They were washed being with (1) city water, (2) 3% saline solution, (3) city water or 3% saline solution after mixing oyster with grated radish, and (4) city water or 3% saline solution after swilling out in a Japanese traditional bamboo basket.
Used oyster was the non washing raw ones which were taken out from the shell. Each washing method was as follows : the oyster putted in a bowl was washed three times with twice volume of water.
And then the bacterial counts and TTC-test were examined to find the freshness of the oyster. The results observed were following :
(A) Washing in 3% saline solution proved to be the most effective method in various respects (e.g. the retention of freshness, the elimination of bacterias, etc.).
(B) The third and fourth methods showed more effect when 3% saline solution was used in place of city water.
(C) The bacterial counts of washed raw oyster showed increasing tendency during the storage. But, the trend of increase of bacterial counts in washing one with 3% saline solution only or mixed with grated radish, showed considerably lower rate than other two washing methods.

View full abstract

Retrogradation of various seasoned cooked rice was investigated by measuring gelatinization ratio and texture during the storage in a room and in a refrigerator.
The changes of gelatinization ratio and texture of cooked rice were repressed by salad oil, butter, sodium chloride, soy sauce and “sake”, but were stimulated by vineger. The changes of gelatinization ratio of rice starch were stimulated by sodium chloride, soy sauce and vineger.
These results suggested that effect of sodium chloride and soy sauce depended on the structure of cooked rice.

View full abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to observe the effect of food preference on personality traits among school children. The results were as follows :
It was found that the food preference had to do with the emotional-, social-, active- and dominant-factor (except Agreeableness in boys, and Rhathymia, General Activity, Social Extraversion in girls), with some differences between boys and girls. The variances selected by variable appointment procedure of multiple regression analysis were 5 or 6, and they were mainly animal foods, potatoes, sweet pepper, seaweeds for boys, and the plant foods for girls. Their contribution ratios showed more than 80% of those estimated with all kinds of foods.
The estimation of discriminant functions with 5 or 6 variances made it possible to classify the samples into 2 groups (high score- and low score-group in each personality traits) with the misclassification ratios of about 17-31 % in range.

View full abstract

This is the first report of our fundamental study of garment planning. The purpose of this paper is to analyse characteristics of growth process from 1 to 6 years of the age. The authors measured 773 boys and 695 girls anthropometrically in 1977.The age of the examinees ranged from 10-month to 6-year-3-month old.
The following results were obtained :
1) The mean values of 15 dimensions showed a rapid increase in the growth period from 1 to 6 years of the age. The increase was marked especially between 1 to 3 years in both sexes.
2) Weight, lower extremity length, tibiale height, total posterior arm length, stature, foot length, posterior shoulder length, and thigh girth showed a quite rapid growth, but neck base girth, upper arm girth, and head girth showed a slow growth in both sexes.
3) Mean values of stature, total posterior arm length, foot length, head girth, neck base girth, bust girth, and weight were greater in boys than in girls, but hip girth and thigh girth were significantly greater in girls.

View full abstract

The authors tried to obtain characteristics of physical types in infants and young children. The purpose of this second report of our research is to get the characteristics of the body proportion of infants and young children. The authors calculated 16 indices relative to stature, bust girth, and weight, on 1, 468 subjects, which were the same as Part 1.
The following results were obtained :
1) Mean values of 16 indices about infants and young children aged from 10 months to 6 years and 3 months are given in Table 1 and the mean curves of 16 indices are classified into the following three types : An increasing type, A decreasing type, and An increasing-decreasing type.
2) Sex differences on the body proportion are recognized significantly at each age groups from 1.5 to 6 years with the exception of 1 year. Girls had a greater value than boys in the following six indices : lower extremity length/stature, crotch height/stature, abdomen girth/bust girth, hip girth/bust girth, upper arm girth/bust girth and thigh girth/bust girth. On the other hand, boys had a greater value than girls in foot length/stature and bust girth/stature.
3) In comparison with adults, the infants and young children aged from 1 to 6 years had, in both sexes, an extremely large head, short legs, large feet, a prominent abdomen, and a large neck-base girth without waist constriction.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to obtain detailed information about the physiques of infants and young children and to present fundamental statistics for garment planning.
The subjects studied consisted of 1, 468 infants and young children, who were divided into eleven groups according to age by each sex. They are the same as Part 1 and Part 2.
Principal component analysis was carried out on the correlation matrices derived from 20 measurements for each age and sex separately. The principal component axes were rotated in order to facilitate the interpretation of principal components.
The following results were obtained :
1) The results of interpretation of the extracted components from rotated factor loadings were as follows : A : A shape factor expressing lean-obese relation; B : A shape factor expressing proportion of the length among body segments; C : A shape factor expressing head shape.
2) It was recognized that from rotated factor loadings, the order of components with synonymity differed sometimes by sex as well as by age group.
3) Using the rotated factor loadings of the items which heavily contributed to the first and second principal components, we tried to establish a time at which a marked change in physical type occured. Our conclusion was that regardless of sex the subjects (from 1 to 6 years) could be divided into two distinct groups; 1-2 age group and 2.5-6 age group.

View full abstract

We surveyed the construction trends of private apartment houses in Nagoya district. Basing on those materials we have investigated their demands for housing.
The result are as follows :
In recent years new construction pace of private apartment house in Nagoya district have been coming increase.
The average number of people dwelling in a private apartment house is three consisting of a couple and their child. 80% of residents are salaried families whose annual incomes are more than three million yen. The residents of apartment houses indicate the traffic convenience as the best merit of them. There are many residents who want to move from the apartment house to other places.
Reasons the residents pointed out for moving are as follows :
1. They want to move to the independent house with garden.
2. Floor spaces are too narrow.
Spaces room arrangements, prices and dweller's ages are the factors which reflect on intention to move from apartment house. From these reasons that private apartment houses do not serve enough as satisfied housing for city salaried man.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract