Judging from the rheological measurements with the buckwheat dough, it was assumed that the flour was deteriorated during long period storage. As this deterioration was thought to be due to the enzymic reaction during the storage, the activity of several enzymes contained in buckwheat grain was checked.
While activities of proteinase and lipase were found to be weak, that of aminopeptidase was found to be fairly strong, then, the properties of this enzyme were further investigated.
It was confirmed that the optimum reaction pH was 7.0-7.5, the optimum reaction temperature was 53°C, and below 1.2×10^-3 M, the reaction proceeded linearly with the substrate concentration, when L-leucyl-β-naphtylamine hydrochloride was employed as the substrate.
This enzyme was rapidly inactivated by the heat treatment at 70°C, and the heat treatment at 53°C for 15 min or at 37°C for 30 min had no effect on the activity. By the addition of Ag or Hg ion (10^-3m) to the reaction mixture, the enzymic activity was completely inhibited.

View full abstract

Present study examined the effect of dietary calcium content on the femur fractures of castrated female rats.
SD-strain female rats, weighing about 100 g were divided into castrated and control groups (sham-operated group). Thereafter half of the rats of each group were fed on a low calcium diet (0.003% Ca; 0.3% P) for 60 days, and were compared with the other half which were fed on high Ca diet (0.47% Ca; 0.3% P) for the same period.
The results are as follows :
1) More weight gain and food efficiency were observed in the castrated group than in the control group; most remarkable in the castrated group fed on the low calcium diet.
2) The serum calcium level significantly decreased only in the castrated group fed on the low calcium diet.
3) For the rats fed on the low calcium diet, the breaking properties of the femur deteriorated markedly in the castrated group relative to the control group, but no difference was observed between the castrated and the control groups for the rats fed on the hih Ca diet.
4) These results suggest that the fractures among aged women are prevented to a certain extent by increasing dietary calcium content.

View full abstract

For the study of factors involved in preparing clear consommé soup using egg white, the turbid soup stock was heated with egg white alone, egg white in combination with vegetables, seasonings, or egg shells, or egg white in combination with some of these ingredients, and the transparency of each soup was measured after cooling to 50°C. The following results were obtained :
1) The soup stock prepared from chicken bones and vegetables became turbid on addition of egg white alone; its turbidity increased with increase in amount of egg white.
2) The soup stock became clear, on the contrary to the above case, by adding egg white and 0.3% vinegar.
3) The turbidity of the soup stock markedly decreased by adding egg white and calcium salt (8 mg%) and by adjusting its pH to 5.5-6.0. These results suggest that clearing of the cloudy soup stock prepared from chicken bones and vegetables by treating it with egg white in conjunction with vinegar and egg shells is attributed to combined effects of pH and dissolution of calcium from egg shells.

View full abstract

Twenty samples of sautéed onion slices, cut into a 5 mm in width, were prepared by heating in corn oil, 5-50% of the weight of sliced onion, for 5, 10, 12.5, and 15 min for the examination of physical properties and morphological changes of onion tissues.
The following results were obtained:
1) The samples sautéed with large amounts of the oil for 15 min were browned strongly with greater losses in weight than those sautéed with small amounts of the oil heated for the corresponding lengths of time.
2) pH values of the extracts obtained by boiling sautéed onion in water for 30 min remained somewhat constant (near pH 5.6) up to 10 min of sautéeing time and decreased markedly (pH 5.3 to 4.8) by increasing heating time of sautéeing. The color of the extracts remained light up to 10 min of sautéeing time, gained a yellowishness by 12.5 min of heating, and a reddishness by 15 min.
3) The examination of onion tissue samples prepared with large amounts of the oil and a long heating time under a scanning electron microscope revealed shrinked and flat parenchyma cells and some cleavages of the tissues.

View full abstract

This paper aims to study the behavior of the dimensional change of the woven fabrics in the absorbed and the desorbed process of moisture through the measurements of the dimensions and the weights of the fabrics. Serges and Tropicals having the different values of the wool-polyester blended ratios are used as the specimens.
The results are summarized as follows :
1) The hysteresis phenomena are observed for the dimensional changes of the all specimens in the absorbed and the desorbed process. The width of the hysteresis loop increases with increasing the wool blended ratios.
2) The repeating experiment for the dimensional change is carried out twice. As for the specimen of the wool 100%, the shape of the hysteresis loop at the 2nd cycle is almost similar to that at the 1st. While as for the wool-polyester blended specimens, the width of each loop at the 2nd cycle becomes smaller than that at the 1st.
3) The rate of the dimensional change in the absorbed process is defined as “Hygral coefficient H_c.” The values of H_c become larger in proportional to the increase of the wool blended ratios. H_c is useful to predict the dimension of the fabric having any moisture content.

View full abstract

Soil perfusion method has been applied in order to investigate the disappearance phenomena of anionic surfactants in soil. As the test surfactants, linear sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), branched sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were chosen.
From the results obtained by applying both on sterilized and untreated soils, it has been suggested that the disappearance of the surfactants started from adsorption on soils and was followed by successive biodegradation.
In the case of ABS only the adsorption was observed and not the successive biodegradation. In the case of LAS, however, the biodegradation was observed after an induction period which followed the adsorption. It was also observed that the successively added LAS degraded without any induction period.
SDS was easily degraded in the early stage of perfusion without any induction period.
The biodegradation of LAS and SDS was determined by the increase of bacteria in the perfused soils.

View full abstract

This study was undertaken to quantify the effects of exposure of women in nearly nude under 22-34°C thermal conditions for 2 hr on the whole and the regional mean skin temperature. Subjects were five healthy students. The whole and the regional mean skin temperatures were estimated from contour maps of thermograms by the equation previously reported.Devided skin surface regions were as shown in Fig. 1. Following results were obtained.
1) Whole mean skin temperature increased at a rate of about 1.6°C with each air temperature step of 3.0°C under the conditions of 22-31°C, but at 34°C, at which sweat rate showed a sudden increase, individual variances were so large that the mean change was a little.
2) Patterns of regional mean skin temperature change were classified into two types, the one such as face, neck and trunk showed relatively constant temperature at 22-31°C and decrease at 34°C, and the another such as limbs showed extensive increase at 22-34°C.
3) The effects of perspiration on the figure of thermograms were more in the trunk than in the limbs.
4) Mean skin temperature of the limbs were higher in flexion side than in extension side.
5) Both hand and foot showed the largest changes of all the regions and the temperature gradient from arm to hand and from leg. to foot were inversed at 28°C and at 29°C, respectively.

View full abstract

The tight fitting technique was applied to obtain the body surface development. The conditions for the experiment settled are as follows :
1) The subjects stand erect looking directly forward. The fitting are symmetrically carried out by two operators simultaneously.
2) The bodies are covered closely with the experimental cloth by forming small segments of the cloth surface among the prominent parts of the body, and by folding 6 darts (Fig. 1).
3) Material of the cloth is 0.3 mm thick nonwoven fabrics.
The developments of upper trunk surface were taken from 108 woman students by present methods.
In this paper, relations between measurements on the development (A) and corresponding somatological values (B) were discussed as to bust girth, waist girth, neck base girth, posterior waist length, shoulder to waist anterior length, posterior shoulder length, across back length, across chest length and shoulder slope. The results were summarized as follows :
1) Differences between (A) and (B), seen in Table 3, are brought forth inevitably when covering the undevelopable curved surface of the body by developable surfaces.
2) The coefficients of correlation between (A) and (B) are shown in Table 4. The coefficients except shoulder slope are very high. It indicates that the developments obtained by the present method can copy the body size and form sufficiently.

View full abstract

Word of Saiho (Japanese dressmaking) is not used in present curriculum. However, Saiho was important general culture for women education throughout the periods of Edo, Meiji, Taisho and early age of Showa (from about 1600 till 1940).
This report was intended to find out the importance and the meaning in education through social changes of the middle to modern ages, and hence the origin of historial main stream in home economics education. Moreover, the social background and thought of the periods could not be disregarded.
The discrimination toward women in both Bushi (the governing) class and Shomin. (the common) class in the feudalistic period of Edo were comprehended.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract