An experimental study on rheological properties of boiled rice in retrogradation processes was carried out in order to know relations between mechanical properties and structual changes of boiled rice.
Mechanical properties of boiled rice changed rapidly in the early stage, and later, slowly. Within the temperature range from 1°C to 65°C, the lower the preserving temperature of boiled rice, the more the rate of retrogradation increased. This tendency was also seen as well in changes of X-ray diffraction profiles.
Mechanical properties of boiled rice e.g. the compression energy were found to be in proportion to the crystallinity.

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Effects of mixing procedures of pound cake batter, which is composed of wheat flour, sugar, egg, and butter (1 : 1 : 1 : 0. 5 proportion by weight), on the qualityof finished product were studied, and following results were obtained.
Stirring of batter at the final stage showed the largest influence, beating of egg whites was the next, and creaming of butter was the smallest. The final stage of stirring the batter made grain of finished product fine and smooth, but prolonged stirring resulted in firm texture, and reduced the volume of cake. The most desirable cake was obtained from the batter which showes the fluid state by stirring with speed 4 of an electric mixer for a few minutes longer after the flour was well mixed. This stage of batter had specific gravity of 0. 8-0. 85, and viscosity of 2. 5-3. 0×10⁵ cP.

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When sprouted potato was steamed without peeling periderm and sprout, the concentration of solanine in edible part of steamed potato increased.
In order to determine solanine in edible part of γ-ray irradiated potato, potato var “Danshaku” at the end of dormancy was irradiated by γ-ray of ⁶⁰Co at the dose of 15 and 50 krad, and was allowed to stand at room temperature. The solanine concentration in medulla and cortex of the irradiated potato was rather less than that in the corresponding part of the nonirradiated throughout the storage. For the short period of storage periderm including sprout in the potato irradiated at the dose of 15 krad showed the similar level of solanine content to that of the nonirradiated one. The formation of solanine in potato was not completely suppressed by γ-ray irradiation at the dose of 15 krad.
It seems to be necessary on the cooking of γ-ray irradiated potato to peel periderm for the elimination of solanine.

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In this paper, the development of “Kosode” in the middle and the end of the Heian era (10 C.-12 C.) is studied. The study is done from a viewpoint of a life of court-nobles and that of common people.
For common people, in the beginning of the 12th century, “Kosode” was already used as everyday clothes. For them “Kosode” was outwears as well as underwears. “Kosode” was the production of their sense of simplicity and practicability.
In a life of 'Samurai', “Kosode” was used as outwears in the Meiji era (1159-1160) and they began to use colored “Kosode” earlier than court-nobles.
In a life of court-nobles, it is not clear when “Kosode” began to be used. For them “Kosode” was not outwears.

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Trunk sections of each 20 mm height above and below the chest line were obtained by projection-type moire topography from 2 female and 3 male plaster torsi. On each section's side lines, arm-scye lines, shoulder lines, and neck base line were read as rectangular coordinates. The following observations were made :
1) On specimens F-1, F-2 and M-1, the right was dominant for the side lines; the lateral differences of the arm-scye line's anterior part and posterior part were inverse. On specimens M-2 and M-3, the left was dominant for both side and arm-scye lines.
2) Side line and body axis, projected on right or left trunk wall, closely coincided on F-1, M-1 (right) and M-3 (right). On F-2, side lines were situated back of the body axis, whereas, on M-2 (left) and M-3 (left), they were forward of the body axis.
3) Lateral view of the arm-scye line was nearly circular on mesomorphic type M-3.
4) Shoulder lines and the neck base line were situated forward of the body axis on ectomorphic type M-2. We noted that the shoulder line was drawn along the shoulder curve when the shoulder ridge was prominent.

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The desorption of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) from carbon black suspension was followed by the stopped flow technique. The change in conductance with time of the suspension of carbon black, containing various concentrations of SDS, was followed by using an automatic recorder, when the suspension was diluted with water by using a mixing cell with two syringes. The conductance increased with time due to the liberation of SDS from the carbon black surface, approaching a quasi-equilibrium value at about 60 sec after dilution. It was found, under the assumption of first order reaction kinetics for the desorption of SDS, that the rate constant of desorption was 1. 1 × 10^-1 sec^-1. In order to explain the total shape of experimental curves, however, the reverse reaction, the adsorption of SDS from dispersion medium, had to be taken into account. Moreover, the conductance of suspension continued to increase very slowly, with the time scale of min, even after the quasi-equilibrium state was reached. This appeared to indicate a second mechanism of desorption taking place from the inner pores of carbon black.

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To find a method of moving body measurements, an observation using moiré topography was made on the relief alteration of a human body which have been accompanied by various movements of the shoulder joint. Five positions of the shoulder joints were settled : resting position, upward elevation (170°), forward elevation (90°), horizontal abduction (90°) and hyper extension (55°) of the arm. The subject on a turntable was photographed at each 45 degrees for each position.
The following observations were made :
1) The moiré pattern alterations accompanied with shoulder joint positions were remarkable on the back of trunk, whereas those on the nipple regions were not so much conspicuous.
2) To study the body surface alterations rised from movements of the shoulder joint, it would be sufficient to consider the upper half of trunk, i. e. the trunk above the waist line.

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The effect of several detergents in soaping and washing of dyed materials with a vat dye was investigated. Experiments on the fastness to rubbing and to washing were carried out to estimate the effect of detergents.
Soaping by water, soap from cow fat and coconut oil and commercial synthetic detergent for wool was effective on the fastness to rubbing but the effect of these detergents was similar to that of water alone.
The fastness to washing of dyed materials improved greatly with soaping by soap and commercial non-ionic detergent.
It was found that soap was the most effective on both fastness. Moreover, it was foundthat commercial synthetic detergent for wool was very hard to soil the white cotton and polyester fabric when washing dyed materials.

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By recomposed low pressure porosimeter with mercury intrusion, cumulative volume of pore spaces in the sized cotton or acrylic fabrics was determined in pore radius range between 7μm and 180 μm. Filling ratio defined as pore volume difference between before and aftersizing was calculated for pore space range of inter yarn (γ₁) and intra yarn (γ₂). The filling tendencies were contributed with geometry of the fabrics and properties of the sizing solutions. Relation between filling ratio and air permeability or stiffness of those sized fabrics was discussed.

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It is common that the values of total dry heat loss could be estimated indirectly using the thermal equilibrium equation. In our present study attempts were made to examine to what extent the values of dry heat loss obtained directly by the use of “heat flux transducer” (Thermonetics Co., U. S. A.) approximate to those estimated indirectly by the commonly used method. 11 healthy females (21-25 yrs) served as subjects. They wore only shorts and sat on a chair in a climatic chamber (T_a : 29°C, 50% R.H.; Ta : 25°C, 50% R. H.). Cutaneous heat flow was measured on eight points of skin surface by “heat flux transducer”. The average values (mean +S.D.) of total dry heat loss at T_a of 29°C were 27.08+7.85 W/m² and44.63±3.04 W/m² according to the methods of indirect (thermal equilibrium equation) and direct (heat flux transducer) measurements, respectively. However, a significant positive correlation existed between the both values. Therefore, our findings suggest that the “heat flux transducer” could be utilized in a study of relative comparison and consecutive change of locally heat flow measurements.

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The previous paper reported the results of the questionnaire on the usages of the kitchen sink. In this paper statement is made on users' evaluation of sinks which are now on the market, the points which they want to be improved, the grounds on which manufacturersadopt the existing sink dimensions and the anticipated changes in the sink production.
The results are as follows :
1. Most users are discontented with the kitchen sink they are using, especially with the one-compartment type sink. The users generally highly evaluate the sink when its height suits their stature. As to its width and length, the dimensions of the sinks they are nowusing have a great influence upon the kind of sinks they desire. The desirable sink depth is usually decided by water splashes. Many users like a wide working surface of the sink, but they are rather indifferent to its height and depth. The height and length of the faucet have an effect upon the easiness of the kitchen work.
2. At present, most kitchen sink manufacturers are making many kinds of one-compartment sinks, but they foresee an increasing demand for two-compartment sinks. There is not much variety in the depth of two-compartment type sinks relative to that of one-compartment type sinks and in general the former is deeper than the latter. Most manufacturers seem to have no definite foundation to determine the reasonable depth of their sinks.
3. A considerable gap is observed between manufacturers and users on the desirable depth of the sink.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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