Konaame, the hydrolyzate of starch, is a kind of sweetness, and generally used for the supply of high energy. When the Konaame is used for cooking instead of sugar, different points are recognized.
This paper concerns with the cooking properties of Konaame, when we apply it to the gel obtained from powdered agar, that is as follows :
1) The gel by using Konaame was superior to the gel by using sugar in transparency and syneresis, but the former took a longer time for gelatinization.
2) For the gels containing the powdered agar of 0.5 and 1.0 % in concentration, respectively, their hardness and brittleness increased in the proportion to the concentration of Konaame, while for the gel by adding Konaame in the concentration of 60 %, they decreased significantly (p<0.05). For over 70 % in concentration of Konaame, gelatinization was not observed.
3) Young's modulus and coefficient of viscosity of the 0.5 % gel also decreased by the addition of 60 % in concentration of Konaame.
4) The sensory evaluation showed that the gel with less amount of Konaame was much preferred.

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Utilization of the mixed sugar by adding glucose to sucrose for apple jam was investigated. Sample A was the jam which was made of 65 % sucrose for sweet taste, sample B was the jam of 65 % glucose, sample C was the jam of 32.5 % sucrose and 32.5 % glucose (S : G=1 : 1) and sample D was the jam of 45.5 % sucrose and 19.5 % glucose (S : G=7 : 3).
The result obtained was summarized as follows :
1) In the test of the sensory evaluation, samples B, C, D were discriminated from sample A.
2) With regard to the colour difference from sample A, sample B had more difference than samples C and D.
3) Sample B showed the hardest value by rheometer and sample A showed the highest coagulation, elasticity and adhesion.
4) All samples showed thixotropy in the viscosity and samples D and A showed higher viscosity than samples B and C
5) The moisture content of sample C showed the highest increase when the samples were stored at 20 V, 86.7 % RH
6) Sample B produced recrystallization for the storage of 30 days at 5 and 20 °C, but samples A and D did not.

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The rheological properties of carrageenan gels (0.8-1.2 g/100 ml) were investigated in comparing the texture parameters, the rupture properties, the static and dynamic viscoelasticities with those of agar-agar gels. Sulfur content, intrinsic viscosity [η], melting point and transmissivity of gels were also measured so as to obtain correlation of the rheological properties.
Both carrageenan and agar-agar are polysaccharide which are extracted from Red Alagae. Although, those two kinds of hydrogels were found to be quite different in the rheological properties. The dynamic mudulus (E') and the rupture stress (P_f) of carrageenan gels were smaller than those of agar-agar gels. Intrinsic viscosity [η] and sulfur content of carrageenan were greater than those of agar-agar. It is noted the greater sulfur content of the sample, the smaller E', P_f and melting point of gel, although the relationship between the rheological properties and [η] was not clear. In a range of temperature from 10 to 50 °C, E' of agar-agar gel was almost constant. On the contrary, E' of carrageenan gels decreased rapidly between 30 and 40 °C.
Carrageenan was found to be adequate gelling agent for jelly because of the suitable cohesiveness, softness and transparence of this gel.

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Reduction of the effect of soap-washing in hard water on flame retardant fabrics is a world-wide problem for any districts where using hard water.
In this respect, we attempted a fundamental survey on the effect of soap-washing in hard water on the flame retardancy of flame retardant fabrics. The results are summarized as follows :
1) LOI decreased with increasing hardness of water, and fabrics having rough surface or small openings between threads enhanced the reducing effect by entrapping soap curd deposit.
2) Rinsing with soft water after the wash proved to be considerably effective to recover the reduced flame retardancy.
3) Repeated washing in hard water caused accumulated pickup of soap curd deposit resulting in a considerable reduction of flame retardancy.
4) Addition of dispersing agents of soap, especially nonionic type, was effective in the recovery of LOI.
5) Amount of Ca²⁺ on the fabrics showed reasonable parallelism to the reduction of LOI through the experimental conditions.

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The electromyographical analysis of the lower leg muscles of Japanese women wearing Kimonos during walking was carried out to investigate the Japanese-Kimono-Wearing. The results are as follows :
1) The muscular activity of Musculus gastrocnemius (caput mediale) is affected by wearing Kimonos during walking most among the lower leg muscles. The woollen Kimono strongly affects it.
2) The woollen material of Kimono more affects the muscular activities of lower leg muscles than the crepe of silk material does.
3) The ways of wearing Kimonos affect the beginning of muscle contraction. The wearing of woollen Kimonos in “Tsumasaki-agari-7 cm” most postpones the beginning of muscle contraction.
4) Putting on the Japanese Geta makes the beginning of the muscle contraction of Musculus gastrocnemius (caput mediale) earlier. Putting on the Japanese Zori postpones the beginning of the muscle contraction of Musculus soleus and makes its contraction short. The Geta affects the muscular activities of the lower leg muscles more than the Zori does.
5) The difference of the footwear strongly affects the muscular activities of Musculus gastrocnemius (caput mediale) and Musculus soleus, and the difference of the materials and wearing styles strongly affect those of Musculus gastrocnemius (caput laterale).
6) The wearing Kimonos affects on the muscular activities of the right leg muscles more than those of the left ones, because of the unsymmetrical lapping style of the wearing Kimonos.

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The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the physical properties of lining fabrics, and to show the relation between physical properties of lining fabrics and the shapes of hem curve or the silhouette when hung the dress fabrics with lining fabrics on the form of the circular skirts on a scale of 1 to 2. A third purpose is to find the standard to select lining fabrics for making garments.
The results obtained are as follows :
1) It is observed that the amplitude of hem curve of the dress fabrics with lining fabrics is generally larger than that without lining fabrics. But the lining fabrics such as cupra and viscose rayon linings of which bending rigidity, shearing stiffness, shearing histeresis, drape coefficient and crease resistance are small, are not useful enough to support the hang by the self-weight of dress fabrics when they are used for the good draping dress fabrics such as georgette.
2) The flare of silhouette is kept by lining fabrics when dress fabrics has the following physical properties : (1) weight is heavy, (2) bending histeresis, shearing stiffness, shearing histeresis and drape coefficient are large, but elastic recovery percentage of elongation and crease resistance are small.

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Recently, the number of working mothers who have young children has rapidly increased. But as yet, only the demerits of the dual-income families are apt to be emphasized, which makes many of the working mothers feel uneasy.
In this study, it is aimed firstly to make a survey of how both mothers and their children (lst-9th graders) think of mothers' working, and then to analyze the differences between the views of both sides.
The results of the survey are as follows :
1) As for the reason of mothers' working, it is found out that more children accept it as an economic one their mothers do.
2) Many working mothers have pity on their children, but the children do not feel so lonely as mothers fear they would.
3) Many mothers realize that their working has helped their children grow independent. Mothers with full-time jobs show the highest percentage, part-timers come next, the self-employed are the third, and home-workers are the lowest.

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The beliefs exist that females attach more importance to parent-child relationship than males, and that the aged have more traditional and conservative family ideas than other generations. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the Japanese people have inconsistent family ideas. A survey was conducted to clarify and compare the degree of the acceptance of the ideas toward the conjugal family system for reexamination of these common opinions. The samples were 388 male and 415 female students, 486 middle-aged couples, and 247 male and 169 female aged.
The results are as follows :
In the case of old people, there are a few items to which the proposition regarding the difference due to the sex is applicable. For the middle-aged couples and students, there are many items with difference in opposition to the propositions. It is confirmed that old people have more traditional family ideas than students, but the proposition regarding the difference due to the generation is not confirmed in the case of the comparison between old people and middle-aged couples in their child-rearing stage. All three generations do not have consistent family ideas, because they attach more importance to some items of parental relations and to other items of conjugal relations.

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[in Japanese]

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