Milk is sometimes coagulates when the tomato soup is cooked. In order to find the cause and its prevention, we made an experiment with various kinds of tomato employing different ways of adding tomato juice into the milk. The following results are obtained.
1) When milk is heated, it easily coagulates affected by ascorbic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, which are plentifully contained in tomatoes.
2) Pectin can prevent milk from coagulation.
3) When tomato is once heated and juiced, the juice has beautiful color and much pectin.
4) The deep red tomato contains less acid. More acid is found in its juice than in the fruit.
5) By adding the table salt, or sodium bicarbonate, or “roux” into the tomato juice, the milk hardly coagulates.

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Bracken and arrowroot starches have been used as materials of Japanese cakes. But as these starches are scarce and expensive, potato and corn starches are often used as substitutes for bracken and arrowroot starches. Then we studied on the chemical and physical properties of these four kinds of starch, that is bracken, arrowroot, potato and corn starches. For this study, the following five items of measurements are done : 1) The affinity for iodine and percentage of amylose contained in the starch, 2) Amyrogram and plastgram, 3) The condition for making a paste with KOH and NaOH solution, 4) Raising power of starch, 5) Analysis of “fat-by-hydrolysis” of starches.
In the experimental results, it was found that the affinity for iodine and the amylose percentage did'nt show a remarkable difference between these four kinds of starch. But the other properties were different between these tour kinds of starch.

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Ascorbic acid (AA) content and ascorbate oxidase activity in the leaves of Camellia japonica Linn. var. japonica (I) and Camellia Sasanqua Thunb. (II) during growth were studied by 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method.
In winter, and in early spring before bud formation, the highest levels of reduced and total AA were observed in the fresh leaves, 127 and 211 mg% in I, 177 and 274 mg% in II, respectively. Their lowest levels in I were observed in summer, 0 and 29 mg%, whereas in II in the early stage of growth, 42 and 88 mg%, respectively. Little seasonal change of dehydro AA was observed throughout the year, however, its higher level was observed just before bud formation.
AA content in leaves varied also with degrees of their maturity. Reduced and total AA contents were lower in young leaves than in older ones in early and middle summer, whereas their contents were higher in young leaves than is older ones in autumn.
Ascorbate oxidase activity was considerably higher in middle summer than in early summer in leaves of I, but of II its activity was considerably lower even in middle summer; its activity was slightly higher in the early stage of growth in early spring rather than in middle summer. Ascorbate oxidase activity was generally higher in the leaves of I than in that of II, and it was always higher in young leaves than in older ones in the seasons mentioned above.

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Volatile carbonyl compounds in Katsuobushi (dried bonito used for seasoning) and its soup were identified by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and infrared spectrometry.
The results of these analyses indicated the presences of aliphatic aldehydes (unbranched C₁-C₆, C₈ and branched C₄, C₅), 2-alkanones (C₃, C₄, C₇, C₈), phenylketones, benzaldehyde, furancarbonyls, 2-oxo-aldehydes (C₂-C₄) and 2, 3-diones (C₄-C₆, C₈) in both Katsuobushi and its soup. Among these compounds, considerable amount of di-carbonyls was present.
Acetaldehyde and the branched aldehydes increased and the di-carbonyls decreased when Katsuobushi was boiled for 20 minutes.

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In order to know the physical properties of gelatin-agar jelly, experiment was carried out by using four different levels of sixteen samples which are the combinations of 1% to 4% gelatin and 0.3% to 0.9% agar-agar.
The results were as follows :
1. In case of 1% to 3% gelatin sample, the setting and melting temperatures were approximately same as that of the agar-agar alone, while 4% gelatin sample, the setting temperature was close to that of the gelatin alone, when 0.3% agar-agar was used. However, the setting and melting temperatures of other samples were slightly lowered.
2. The transparent rate was lower than that of the gelatin or agar-agar alone.
3. The intensity of jelly was increased according to the increase in the concentration of gelatin and agar-agar.
4. The size of hollow was increased in proportion to the higher concentration of gelatin and the lower concentration of agar-agar.
5. The softness and the percentage of sag were decreased according to the concentration of both gelatin and agar-agar.
6. The rate of syneresis was decreased according to the increase in the concentration of gelatin at each stage of the concentration of agar-agar.
7. The samples which are above the standard level of the evaluation taste, and those which keep the mold for the length of 120 minutes are found to be the following combinations; 1% gelatin with 0.7% to 0.9% agar-agar, 2% gelatin with 0.5% to 0.7% agar-agar, and 3% gelatin with 0.5% agar-agar.

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Skin lipid on the underwear worn by 30 high school female students for 24 hr was determined by the same method mentioned in the previous paper.
The results obtained are as follows :
1. The amounts of skin lipid stuck to the underwear worn by girls aged 16-17 years distribute considerably widely ranging from 0 to 43.18 mg and the distribution has the mode at 13 mg. The value of the mode is equal to that for high school male students. The skewness that indicates departure from the normal distribution of the data is only +1.06, and it is very different from that for boys.
2. The distribution range and the mode of the amounts of skin lipid on high school female students' underwear are about twice the width and the quantity of those for 1314-year-old pupils'.
3. The amount of skin lipid on the underwear worn by boys or girls shows a rapid rate of increase during they grow older from 1314 years to 1617 years old.

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The tensile strength perpendicular to seam line increases with the number of stitches per unit length, but it decreases over the critical number of stitches due to the breaking of cloths. The author studied this critical limit of the seam strength and the related properties of cloths.
Fifteen kinds of cloths are sewn along the warp and weft yarns by using the sewing threads with suitable strength for each cloths. The critical values of the seam strength are measured by Schopper tensile tester. The ratio of the critical seam strength to the tensile strength of each cloth is usually within 53100%. This ratio is large when the yarn is too hard to slip by over-sizing or milling of cloth. If the seam tensile strength is greater than that of cloth, the cloth breaks and this ratio is small.

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One of the causes which a button comes off is the abrasion damage of a button thread by being rubbed against a buttonhole. Thereupon, the purpose of this paper is to present the abrasion characteristics of button threads, as forming a part of the studies on the sewing buttons. The button threads of flax 30/3 s, cotton No.8, cotton No.30, silk No.16 and polyester 20/3 s were tested on a roller abrasion tester.
Firstly, abrasion resistance was estimated by the abrading time required to cause rupture of the threads by being rubbed against a abradant with a emery paper. The threads were arranged in order of the abrasion resistance as follows; flax, polyester, cotton No.8, silk and cotton No.30. After the result had been corrected to the same fineness (100 denier), the order between flax and polyester was changed. The next experimental equation was obtained among flax, cotton No.8 and cotton No.30, T=5.25×10^-5D^2.20 where, T was the abrading time in second and D was the fineness in denier.
Secondary, the threads were tested on the tensile strength, after they had been rubbed for a decided period against the abradants on which a silk thread No.15 or the cotton No.8 was wound compactly. The silk thread was found to have the highest reduction rate in the tensile strength and the cotton No.8 had the lowest reduction rate.

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Using four young women who wore experimentally designed clothes, the authors sought to find the location of pockets below the waist at which one's hands can slip into the pocket naturally and comfortably. The experimental variables involved the horizontal and vertical position and the angle of pockets.
The results are as follows :
1. The convenience in using pockets is influenced considerably by the location of pockets.
2. The pockets which are most convenient to use in normal standing posture are placed so that 1) the top of the pocket is at or below the line defined by the tip of the middle finger (dactylion) of the flexed arm moving from the right side toward the left side, and 2) the pocket is placed between the right side (midaxillary line) and the center (midline).

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For the purpose of planning babies' clothes, the authors studied cross-sectionally the process of growth by measurements took in 1973 on the 1316 babies (male : 727, female : 589) aged 1to 12 months. The items of measurements included stature, upper extremity length, lower extremity length, foot length, biacromial width, maximum hip width, head girth, chest girth, abdominal girth, hip girth, thigh girth, upper arm girth, neck base girth, vertical trunk length, and weight.
The following results were obtained :
1) Though all measurements increase rapidly in babyhood, the growth speed is especially rapid before 5 months.
2) Upper and lower extremities grow relatively more rapidly than stature. Width and girth measurements increase relatively more rapidly than length measurements early in babyhood.
3) Male babies exceed female babies in almost measurements except for thigh girth through the first year of life.

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Up to this time only a few studies on the “gassho-zukuri” in Gokayama, being based upon the statistical data on the present and past lives of inhabitants, were done. Now the author studied this subject being founded on her investigation on Kamitaira village and by comparing with the obtained old data. All the main industries in this village : sericulture, paper-making and gunpowder-making need a wide space to work. While the data imply that the houses were mainly “koya-zukuri” in the Edo era, which is quite impossible to have a space for the work, and that the completion of “gassho-zukuri” followed after the zenith of industries. In the first stage the “gassho-zukuri” was also a symbol of power and wealth, and people living in the “koya-zukuri” offered labor forces for the work in the “gassho-zukuri”. The following results were obtained :
1) The industries of this area were most prosperous from 1900 to 1930, and consequently “gassho-zukuri” was enlarged and accomplished in this period as a dwelling fitting to a trade of the populace. 2) The rapid development and revolution of society and civilization after the war made those houses inconvenient to live. 3) The original form of a roof of the “gassho-zukuri” is a gable and the original type of a room-plan is a hall-type. 4) The existence of a store house implies that the major space of a house would be used for the work, and those facts carry conviction to consider that the “gassho-zukuri” was constructed to offer a space for the work.

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In the former papers (20, 7679, 23, 400403 and 23, 404407), the author reported some phases of home management in farmers', shopkeepers' and wage-earners' homes. In this paper the author viewed some managerial problems of husband-wife-together-working families. Fifty wives were picked out respectively from teachers, public officials, office workers, and manual workers, and their abilities of home management were examined by the same method as the former.
The results are as follows :
1) As for the home management abilities, they were about the same among all groups compared.
2) As for the home management actions, all groups were proficient in controlling, while they were deficient in planning and directing. Office workers' group was more deficient than other groups as to planning.
3) As for the use of resources in home management, all groups were interested in clothing, while they were deficient in the use of time.

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