The future global energy demand will increase in exponential progression especially in developing countries. On the side of supply, however, the production of its major components such as oil, coal and natural gas is estimated to reach a plateau towards the earlier half of the 21st century. The objective of the present review is to search approaches how to make up the apparent gap between this demand and supply in near future.
The leading components of energy consumption in advanced countries are fossil fuels, hydraulic, and nuclear powers; however, in developing countries, 2, 000 million people live on firewood while the rest on firewood and fossil fuels as well. Therefore, the future lack in fossil fuels and resulting price hike will lead to overgathering of firewood. This will cause an accelerated deforestation in broader area, and will result in further acceleration in environmental destruction in worldwide scale.
In order to find major countermeasures against this sort of destruction, overall survey for the possibilities is made in the following items: (1) Improvement in efficiency of energy consumption/save-energy, (2) Further promotion of nuclear power, (3) Further development of natural energy resources, (4) Forest management for prevention of its conversion to farmland or pasture ground and overgathering firewood, and (5) Further promotion of sea-food and marine biomass production, etc.
These countermeasure items are closely connected mutually; therefore, further detailed investigation may be advised into the future gross balance of demand and supply by organizing joint-study teams on each specialty and interdisciplinary areas.
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