Elimination of lipophilic toxins from the patient with hepatic coma has intensively been studied, because most of the toxins which induce coma were thought to be lipophilic. Sulfides are known as lipophilic toxins which appear in blood of patients in FHF. In this study, oxidation reaction system in liver microsomes was applied to the lipophilic hollow-fiber membrane system for the detoxification of Dimethylsulfide. Both polypropylene and polyethylene membrane modules were used as lipophilic membrane modules. The enzymatic clearance of the hollow-fiber membrane module for DMS in in vitro and in vivo experiments were measured to be 1.63 and 1.30nmol/h/mg protein/cm² hollowfiber surface, respectively. Liver microsomes were thought to be useful as a metabolic reactor in artificial liver support system.

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We are developing new type hybrid hepatic support system using forced frozen liver pieces (FLP) of pig with helium gas. The thawed FLP were utilized as bioreactant and they had good ability to produce glucose (3.65mg/g. liver/h), urea nitrogen (0.2mg/g. liver/h) and prothrombin. The perfusate through the bioreactant was filtrated with the special filter which was made by knitted polyester fibers. After concentration of perfusate, they were immunized to rabbit. Very weak antibody formation was found on fluoro-immunorescence. We did not observe anaphylaxis. Our xenogenic hepatic support system will schedule clinically.

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A new needle type glucose sensor has been developed using a new type oxygen electrode composed of a Ti wire of which surface was anodically oxidized. It responds well to the oxygen tension with an applied potential of -0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the oxidized surface of the Ti electrode treated with silanizer using glutaraldehyde and BSA. The sensor without a semipermeable membrane responds to glucose up to 40mg/dl. By 5 times dip-coating of cellulose acetate, the sensor responds up to 700mg/dl.

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Extending the in vivo long-life is themost crucial point of the biosensor. For this purpose, we have coated the needle-type glucose sensor with an antithrombogenic membrane, alginate-polylysine-alginate membrane. The sensor showed highly antigenecity so as to directly measure glucose concentration in freshly sampled whole blood. The implanted sensor could monitor the tissue glucose levels as long as 14 days. Thus, the antithrombogenic membrane could augment the feasibility of the biosensor.

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The study was done to clear whether the difference in plasma insulin profile in diabetics controlled by two different closed-loop system (Biostator & STG-11A) on the computer algorithms or on the controlled patients. Simulation study showed that infusion amount by Biostator was double or triple to that by STG-11A. Glycemic control on pancreatectomized dogs also showed a compatible result to simulation.

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High permeabilities of low and middle molecules such as insulin and albumin were achieved by AP membrane (22, 000MW poly-L-lysine), however high molecules were rejected. Few cellular components were attached on the surface of MC recovered from renal capsule at 2 wks after transplantation. The strength of MC were sufficient enough to maintain the spherical structure in the body. Microcapsulated islets from hamster showed a rapid insulin response to a glucose challenge. AP MC could be advantageous for the hybrid artificial pancreas when transplanted into renal capsule.

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There are still arguments about the molecular weight cut off of the semi permeable membrane. In this research islets in microbeads containing 2.5% agarose were cultured in chemically defined medium to determine the highest molecular weight of compounds which are needed for an islet to preserve its functions for a long period. Microencapsulated islets cultured in RPM 1640 were secreting insulin for over 130 days culturing. The highest molecular weight compound in RPMI 1640 is vitamin B with molecular weight of 1355. Insulin with molecular weight 6000 should permeate through semi permeable membrane. From these facts molecular weight cut off of semipermeable membrane should be higher than 6000.

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When isolated hepatocytes are used for a hybrid artificial liver as a reactor, it is very important to maintain hepatocyte function in good condition. In authors' previous system which hepatocytes were floating, the function was observed up to ten hours. In order to maintain the function for more long time, hepatocytes culture substrata such as microcarrier and liver biomatrix were examined. Cytodex 3 (Pharmacia) was used as microcarrier and biomatrix was prepared from dog liver by Rojkind method. Those substrata were evaluated by cell culture system and spinner flask test. Ammonia concentration decreased remarkably and energy charge of hepatocytes was well preserved in experimental group.

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Ability of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction in monolayer cultured hepatocytes was decreased by the treatment of D-galactosamine for 24h in dose dependent manner. Hepatocytes treated with 0.5mM of D-galactosamine recovered the normal ability of TAT induction in non-treated cells only by removing D-galactosamine from the culture medium and cultivating for 24h with hormone free conditions. Hepatocytes treated with more than 3mM of D-galactosamine could not recover the normal ability of TAT induction even after 48h of cultivation. However, hepatotropic agent, malotilate, stimulated TAT induction in cultured hepatocytes treated with 3mM of Dgalactosamine. Thus therapeutic effect on the hepatic failure could be detected by examing the effect on cultured hepatocytes treated with D-galactosamine. When entrapped hepatocytes were co-cultured with monolayer cultured cells treated with D-galactosamine, entrapped hepatocytes had stimulative effect on TAT induction in damaged hepatocytes. Moreover this stimulative effect could be mimicked with conditioned medium obtained from entrapment culture. But if 10μM cycloheximide was presented during the entrapment culture, the resulting conditioned medium did not have the stimulative effect. These results suggest that hepatocytes entrapped within Ca-alginate synthesize and secrete the soluble factor which stimulates the TAT induction.

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The change of lipid profile in serum was measured before and after plasma exchange in 10 acute liver failure patients. Though total lipid level did not show a significant change, there was a notable reduction of cholesterol ester and an elevators of free cholesterol. They were shown to be corrected by plasma exchange. On the other hand, non-esterified fatty acid and lipoperoxide significantly elevated after plasma exchange. Percent changes after plasma exchange were well negativelly correlated with prothorombin time, especially in lipoperoxide. Frequent plasma exchange may produce undesirable affects, such as brain edema and ARDS, in acute liver failure.

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We have been designing synthetic substrata on which liver parenchymal cell can selectively attach and maintain its longer survival. Lactose-carrying polystyrene (PVLA) was found to be the preferential candidate substratum which can especially perform its function in serum-or albumin-containing medium. The temperature dependency on cell attachment and the regulation of cell spreading on PVLA were also examined and compared with collagen substratum.

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Donor plasmapheresis was performed and the filtrated plasma of 300ml was obtained using nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175) and dipyridamole as anticoagulants.
Conbined use of FUT and dipyridamole was useful to prevent platelets depletions during plasmapheresis. In clinical use for the hepatic assist system, FUT was a useful anticoagulant for the patients who showed a hemorrhagic tendency.

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Forty-four patients received the nutritional treatment which utilizes the artficial pancreas. The mean duration of the treatment per patient was 5.3 days. Problems arising from longterm use are discussed. The majority of our patients (38 patients) were treated with STG-11A (Nikkiso), while five patients with STG-22 (Nikkiso) and one with Biostator (Miles). The first problem we encountered was insufficient blood sampling caused by obstruction of catheters due to blood clotting or catheter bending. This problem was solved by developing a new catheter of long length to beinserted in the central vein. This new catheter lasted for about a week when used in patients who were breathing spontaneously and able to move more or less freely. In contrast, long-term use of more than a week was possible in those who were on a respirator. The membrane utilized for blood glucose measurement was reliable for more than 15 days continuously. Another problem is the algorism of insulin injection, which must be adjusted to the condition of each patient. Most patients displayed the brittle type glucose fluctuation and the parameters needed to be changed, so that the artificial pancreas responded sensitively. Catheter infection and anemis from frequent bloodsampling are possible side effects. Two patients had positive bacterial culture from the catheter tip. Attention should be paid to patients with endotoxemia. One patient received blood transfusion for anemia, caused by blood sampling. [CONCLUSION] By modification in several points, artificial pancreas proved to be effective for long-term use.

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Clinical usefulness of the ABC is expected in cases with secondary diabetes for glycemic control during surgical treatment, but such clinical observations have not been previously reported. We applied the ABC to two patients (57y. o. woman with acromegaly and 34y. o. man with Cushing's disease) associated with secondary diabetes. In these cases, satisfactory glycemic control was achieved with the ABC for more than 48 hours during and after surgical treatment. The result indicates that the ABC is a useful device for glycemic control during surgical treatment of secondary diabetes in which an acute alteration of counter regulatory hormones against insulin occurrs.

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In order to separate or remove B lymphocytes from mononuclear fraction or peripheral blood, the adsobents immobilized sulfathiazole as non-biological affinity ligand for immunoglobulins (Ig) were prepared. B lymphocytes possesed 1g on their surface membrane retained selectively to the adsorbents immobilized sulfathiazole via hydrophilic spacer. T lymphocytes were recovered in high yield as a non-adherent cell, and adherent Blymphocytes were also detached from the adsorbents with 10% sucrose solution, readily.

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We have reported the efficacy of direct hemoperfusion by endotoxin immobilized fiber for Vx2 tumor bearing rabbit. In this study, lipopolysaccaride (LPS) was deacylated by hydroxylamine and de-acylated LPS was immobilized to fiber. In vivo experiments, Vx2 Tumor bearing rabbits were treated with direct hemoperfusion using minicolumn conteined followig fiber. 1; De-acylated LPS-F 2; De-acylated PS-F 3; Carrier-F 4; Non-Treated. There were not significant difference in thigh thickness (tumor size). But in survival day there was a prolonged tendency in de-acylated LPS-F group.

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Adsorbing capacity of the adsorbents for therapeutic drugs, has been investigated using batchwise adsorption experiments. The following results were obtained: Gentamycin: Charcoal adsorbed 100%. Lyposorber adsorbed 57%. The others adsorbed a little. Gigoxin: Charcoal adsorbed 100%. IM-PH and IM-TR adsorbed half the amount. The others adsorbed a small amount. Adrenalin: Charcoal adsorbed the total amount. IM-PH adsorbed half the amount. The others adsorbed a small amount. Nor-adrenalin: Charcoal adsorbed 100%. The others adsorbed a little.

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To selectively remove LDL and VLDL and to controll the cholesterol concentration within adequate level for each patient's conditions, the continuous LDL adsorption system which switches over two small columns packed with dextransulfate-cellulose adsorbent (Liposorber) was developed. The adsorption efficiency was examined by calculation based on a model of this system. It was found that the adsorption efficiency is neither affected by patient body weight nor pre-treatment cholesterol level. The optimum column volume and the column switch-over timing were decided based on this result. Clinical results using this system were in good agreement with the calculated results.

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Plasma separator membranes of polysulfone containing various amount of contact phase activator were prepared and evaluated their potentials to activate the defensive system. Dose dependent generation of kallikrein was observed for activator-containing membranes, which was parallel to C3a formation and cell adhesion on the membrane. Increase in the transmembrane pressure of the filter with activator was 2.6 times as large as that without activator during 3.5 hours' plasma separation in a dog, while difference in kallikrein generation was not large. It was concluded that contact activation on the membrane surface resulted in the membrane permiability decrease through cell adhesion even in heparinized blood.

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A hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) membrane was modified to a hydrophilic one having water-soluble chain on its surface by means of non-equiliblium plasma initiating graft copolymerization technique using N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as monomer. Plasma filtration flux of pDMAA-graf ted PP (PP-g-pDMAA ) membrane was almost equal to that of PP one without grafting. PP-g-pDMAA membrane showed little increase in complement and excellent blood compatibility caused by the water-soluble pDMAA chains which effectively suppress adsorption and denaturation of blood elements.

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To solve the mecahnism of plasmapheresis with rotating cylinder membrane, we made in-vitro experiment changing inlet pressure, rotation speed and hematocrit. As inlet pressure overcame the pressure of centrifugal force, filtration started. As inlet pressure was higher, filtration flux increased rapidly and approached the steady state. As rotation speed was higher, filtration flux increased, then approached plateau. This rotating cylinder membrane system was more than ten times as efficient as cross flow filtration. This fact resulted from high wall shear rate and reduction of RBC polarization layer resistance caused by Taylor vortex. We proposed mass transfer model which was function of axial length and this model explained satisfactoly the filtration property of this system.

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Plasama components were separated using a module composed of polypiopylene hollow fiber membrane (UBE Industries Ltd.). Systems employed were two kinds, one being a recycle system using one reservor bag, another being a single pass system using two reservors in the blood circuit.
Plasmapheresis efficiency and permeability characteristics were compared with each other for several components under various operation conditions. From the plasmapheresis efficiency, needle to needle time and plasmapheresis time were shorter for the recycle system than for the single pass system. The time difference between the two systems was approximately seven minutes. On the other hand, permeability characteristics was higer for the single pass system. From the results obtained, both systems have their own features, adavantages and disadvantages.

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Fundamental study of PMX-F for clinical application was mainly performed below 1) safety test 2) strilization method 3) anticoaglants in this paper. PMX-F can be produced with safety. Sterility of PMX-F is accomplished by high-steam. After this sterilization, functional amino group of PMX-F decreased in the numbers. But neutralizing capacity of PMX-F was mainteined by ameliorating a immobilization method. As for anticoaglant, minimal dose of heparin or FUT was caliculated without intra-circuit clotting. It needed 50U/kg/hr of heprrine and 0.5mg/kg/hr of FUT. Blood compatibility of PMX F was also evaluated through the DHP for healthy dog.

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composed of a rotating cone and a disk membrane has been developed. The device has a feature of obtaining high filtration flux because of producing high shear rate (1000-10000sec^-1) induced by the cone rotation. The effects of the shear rate (γ) on the filtration flux (Jv) and blood compatibility have been determined. In filtration experiments carried out over a wide range of γ and hematocrit (Ht), Jv (cm/sec) at radial distance (r) was given by: Jv (r)=1.15×10-3γ/r1/3 In (82.6/Ht (r)). The platelet aggregability (ADP, final conc. 10μM) decreased above the shear rate of 7800sec^-1 for 1min. exposures.

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An on-line SAC plasmapheresis was desighned and carried out as a new SAC method which patient's plasma could be treated continuously during plasmapheresis. The method was applied for 4 chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients. The new method was clinically evaluated herewith. This therapy took within 3.5hr for the treatment of an average 2610ml of plasma and the operation was comparable to the doble filtration and cryofiltration methods. In the reduction rates of plasma total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA, IgM was 26.3±4.6%, 18.6±6.3%, 46.1±10.8%, 36.9±17.0%, 35.2±10.1%. The excessive NaCl and glycine as precipitants can be sufficiently removed by a 0.8m² surface area dialyzer. The method provided safe and effective autamation of plasma exchange without any trouble therapy.

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LDL-Apheresis with LDL-specific LA-40 (Kanegafuchi) for Familial Hypercholesterolemia give improved specific removal in cases of higher cholesterol levels if the LA-40 adsorbent is rinsed using NaCl (0.5M) elutant in an interrupted single session. Case 1 (391mg/dl chol.) non-rinse session results in 67.8% removal, single rinse 85.5%; Case 2 (459mg/dl) non-rinse 48.6%, single rinse 72.1%, and double rinse 81.6%; and Case 3 (419mg/dl) single rinse 62.3%, double rinse 74.5%. All data mean over 12 sessions.

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To establish a new method to prevent MNMS following acute arterial occulus ion employing of plasmaf iltration, 3 types of plasmaf ilters were examined experimentally. After reestablishment of arterial flow following an acute arterial sion of adult mongel dogs, venous blood returned from the lower limbs was eliminated with plasmaf liter. In this study, XK-10 —a new designed plasmafilter— was more effective concerning of the removal of myoglobin, lactic acid and potassium than the others. Clinical experience showed the effectiveness of plasmaf iltration, and safety of this therapeutic method.

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In clinical case of MNMS, the value of myoglobin in blood increase immediately after revascularization and kidney and myocardium are damaged. The similar phenomena are also observed in the experimental model of MNMS in dog. The purpose of this experiment is to remove myoglobin in blood in case of acute arterial occlusion which might extend to MNMS after revascularization. And we intended to make a new therapy for MNMS with extra corporeal circulation using the column of a new artificial absorber. The MMA-DVB copolymer and the active carbon (HEMACOAT) are excellent in the capacity of absorption of myoglobin in the vitro experiment using myoglobin of human and dog. Although in the experimental model of MNMS in dog with the treatment of extra corporeal circulation using the column of the MMA-DVB copolymer and the HEMACOAT, the copolymer showed a tendency to absorb more myoglobin in blood compared with the HEMACOAT.

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We have developed the miniature system of plasmapheresis for neonates and infants, and evaluated it from the point of biocompatibility and system performance on bilirubin removal using jaundiced puppies. Since the results were satisfactory, septic model was prepared by intravenous injection of 5×10⁹ CFU/ml/kg of E. coli for 1hr., and online plasma exchange (P. E.) was performed to elucidate the efficacy and its mechanism in the treatment for sepsis. As the results, 4 out of 5 puppies survived in P. E. group, while all other puppies (7 in untreated and 5 in sham group) died within 24 hours. In P. E. group, viability of bacteria and endotoxin concentration in the blood decreased significantly compared with that of untreated or sham group. By means of chemiluminescence test, the opsonic activity is proved to be ameliorated in P. E. group, resulting in the reduction of visible bacteria counts. On the other hand, endotoxin is separated and discarded along with plasma in P. E. group, resulting in the reduction of endotoxin concentration. The system is proved to be effective and applicable for sepsis in infants.

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A total of 175 plasma exchange (PE) using Nafamostat mesilate (FUT) anticoagulation were accomplished in 21 patients with bleeding tendency or active bleeding. PE was safely performed in all cases. There was no worsening of bleedig or bleeding tendency during and after PE. Moreover, bleeding ceased during PE in 6 cases. Celite-clotting time was not prolonged during PE in systemic blood. APTT was only prolonged in the extracorporeal circuit but in sysytemic blood. FUT anticoagulation makes it safer to perform PE in the patient with bleeding or bleeding tendency.

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We performed the conduction of LAK cell using combinally plasma exchange therapy in a clinically applicable way and reported here. LAK activity cultured using the plasma after exchange showed significantly high values compared with that cultured using the plasma bcfore the exchange. This suggested a decrease in IL2 inhibitor of the plasma after exchange compared with before exchange and thus the useful lne ss of combined use of plasm exchange for the induction of LAK activity

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Effect of in vitro plasma treatment on DNA synthesis in primary cultured hepatocytes was evaluated in order to develop the selective plasma treatment method as a therapeutic plasmapheresis on severe hepatic dysfunction. Pooled plasma was obtained from obstructive jaundice (2.5weeks), partialy hepatectomized rats (24 hours) and normal rats. In vitro filtration using EVAL 2A membrane filter, resolved cryoprecipi to to (4°C, 2days) and membrane filter of the supernatant of cryoprecipi to to using EVAL 4A were prepared. DNA synthesis was measured using [³H] thymidine incorporation. Jaundice plasma showed inhibition of DNA synthesis.Levels in plasma of total bile acid and total bilirubin showed negative correlation and albumin showed positive correlation to DNA synthesis. Filtrate of EVAL 4A increased DNA synthesis suggesting effectiveness of this plasma treatment method for hepatic regeneration.

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We have applied cryofiltration to various kinds of immune complex diseases. The purpose of this study was to calculate the reduction rate of immunoprotein on cryofiltration and to analyse cryogel. The reduction rates of fibrinogen, complements and immunoglobulins were 30-60%, 30-70% and 20-50%, respectively. Cryogel, analysed by gel chromatography and ion exchange chromatography, was fractionated into albumin, IgG, amyloid and other protein designated as XRF. In patients with RA, XRF level was characteristically high and well correlated with clinical course. XRF was found to be a complex with IgG by SDS electrophoresis.

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we have applied DFPP combined with glass-bead adsorbents to cancer patients to remove irunuiosuppressive factors. However. the conventional DFPP could not adequeately suppress tumor gravth in clinical. Beyer et al. reported that Laige-volume plasma exchange in which treated plasma volume was 200% (4.0-10.5 liters) of the calculated volume was highly effective to remove plasma blocking factors in cancer patient serum. In animal experimental DFPPmodel, the first filtrate obtained from cancer bearing mice significantly augmented tumor metastasis to 1 but the second filtrate not augmented the metastasis, Terefore ae examined the clinical effect of large volume DFPP in which treated plasm volume was 6000ml. CEA, ferritin which had higher molecule than aibunin were almost removed by the DFPP NK inhibitory activity of cancer patient seem was remarkably decreased and NK activity of patient s peripheral blood lymrihocyte was much recovered by large-volume DFPP we experenced that after the DFPP combined with chemotherapy patient s performance status rermarkably improved and his abdominal meterstatic tumor drastically regressed. These results suggeted that large-volume DFPP was highly effective to remove immun suppressive factors and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer bearing hosts

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Some plasma separation membranes were examined on biocompatibility from the aspects of the surface structure and material by allowing the blood to pass through their minimodules. The membrane materials used were PS, PVA, EVAL, PE, and CA for plasma separation membranes. It seemed that the blood compatibility of a membrane was to a large extent determined by the membrane's chemical structure rather than the surface structure of the membrane.

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The safety and effectiveness of the membrane plasma separator, made of a surfactant-free hydrophilic polyethylene hollow fibers was assessed in both therapeutic and plasma collection use. A total of 34 therapeutic plasmapheresis operations were performed in 6 patients and a total of 31 plasma collections carried out in 26 patients (23 by the two arm method and 8 by the double lumen needle, one arm method). No side effects were observed, demonstrating good biocompatibility. The newly developed membrane plasma separator was therefore shown to be safe and effective in clinical use.

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We performed DP with 3 types of MPS in 25 healthy blood donor and evaluated it from the BC aspect. PEF-25 (Cellulose triacetate: HF type), KDS-02 (Polypropylene: HF), and MS-20 (Polypropyrene: Disc type) MPS were used in Group-I, II, and III, respectively. Coagulation and fibrinolysis tests showed enhanced coaguladility in Group-III. Remarkable platelet activation was demonstrated in Group- I and III. These phenomena in Group-III were speculated to come from the geometry of module. Membrane-induced complement activation was occured in Group-I and -II; C3a: Group-I>II>III, C5a: Group-I>II>III. Further studies will be needed in the usage of filtered plasma because it contains highly concentrated activated complements.

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Plasma components were separated from healthy donors using a module composed of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (UBE Industries Ltd.). Sieving coefficients for proteins and lipids, namely, those for total protein, albumin, IgM, and total cholesterol were approximately 100%. High yields of coagulant factors such as factor VIII were achieved. Activation of C3a and C5a which are considered to influence on the body was very small, and activation of platelet was shown to be lowest possible from, β-TG and PF4 values. The polypropylene hollow fiber membrane was found to be excellent in terms of plasama separation capability, and biocompatibility from the facts that there were no appreciable changes in numbers of RBC, WBC and platelet along with the fact of low activation of platelet and no observation of free hemoglobin which is a measure of hemolysis.

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We have developed a new affinity adsorbent C-ST for a therapy of autoimxaine diseaese, C-ST has a great selectivity for irm inoglobul in Go The adsorbent consists of a chitosan bead as a matrix and sulfathiazole as a ligand, C-ST adsorbent has been applied to plasma perfusion so far.
In this study, we performed direct hemoperfusion using C-ST, modified C-ST and C-ST coated acrylic copolymer in Rabbit, Smoothly and easily practicable performance was ensured with using C-ST(07nm), Good bio-campatibiiity to blood cells was obtained by surface coating with acrylic copolymer or using spacer between matrix and ligand, And they had also efficient and selective capacity of adsorbing intnunoglobulin G.

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Adsorbent column with triptophan immobilized as ligand was used as a treatment of myasthenia gravis unresponsive to thymectomy nor to steroid therapy. Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AchR) in a patient aged 41 years reduced on the average of 46.4±3.2% (M±SE, n=6), while reduced rates of IgG, IgM, IgA, C₃, C₄ were 30.7±4.2, 11.2±2.7, 27.4±3.5, 21.4±2.9, 48.2±4.8% (M±SE. n=6), respectively The results indicated semiselective adsorbance of antibodies to AchR. Clinical symptoms of the patient was improved. No complication was recognized. It was concluded that Immunoadsorbent therapy using column immebilized triptophan as ligand was an effective treatment for myasthenia gravis.

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We developed the precipitation Method to remove serum immunosuppressive factors from cancer patients by use of extracoarporeal system. The plasma was separated from arterial line by a diacetate cellulose membrane and mixed with NaCl and Glycine crystal in the collumn. The precipitation was formed in the collumn and then removed by a filter membrane. Saturated NaCl and Glycine was removed by H. D. and the treated plasma was reunited with the blood cells and returned to patient through the vein. In this method, removal of globulin fraction, mainly IgG, was significant however removal of Alubumin was minimum. Using of inhibition of normal human lymphocytes blastgenesis, we assured that the precipitation contains the parts of immunosuppressive factors. Further characterization of immunosuppressive factors by use of sepharose 65 gel chromatography, the highest immunosuppressive faction contains IgG, including immune complexes.

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