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[in Japanese]
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
1
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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Y. TSUBAKIHARA, T. ITOH, E. KITAMUTA, N. OKADA, I. NAKANISHI, N. IIDA, ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
3-7
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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The mechanism of antithrombogenicity of a PEG grafted cellulose membrane (PC) was studied with chronic hemodialysis patients. The quantity of adsorbed protein, especially of large molecular proteins including fibrinogen, in PC was significantly lower than that in original cellulose (OC). The increment of TAT during OC-HD was significantly suppressed by PC. The adsorbed protein in OC module circulated with bovine plasma treated by enough heparin was lowered to the level in PC. This result also indicates that the adsorbed protein in OC with ordinary heparin dose may be some coagulating proteins. Circulating platelet count was significantly decreased and β TG was increased significantly during OC-HD. However, these phenomena were not detected in PC-HD. Platelet counts adhered to OC after 4 hrs HD observed by SEM were significantly more than that to PC. These results indicate that PC suppressed the activation of coagulation factors and platelets. This antithrombogenicity of PC may be produced by the inhibition of blood-membrane surface interaction through the random movement of PEG chain on cellulose membrane.
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T NISHIYAMA, T OHDAN, Y UEZU, M IHTOMO, T KOBAYASHI, N KANAMORI, [in J ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
8-11
Published: February 15, 1991
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Automatic measurement of whole blood Xa activated coagulation time (XCT) was developed for the bed side monitor of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) during hemodialysis (HD). Following the bolus injection of lOaXaU/kgxHD hour LMWH, plasma aXa, APTT and XCT measured by manual and automatic methods showed peak values at 1 hour after start of HD, followed by their gradual decreases. Although plasma Xa correlated significantly with APTT and two methods measuring XCT, the correlation coefficient and slopes of regression line were higher in the latter two methods than the former. Automatically measured XCT also reflected the changes in aXa more precisely than XCT by manual methods. These results indicate that automatically measured XCT is not only a simple and a rapid but also a precise method as a bed side monitor for LMWH.
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T. SHONO, O. INAGAKI, R. IWAKI, K. NAKAGAWA, Y. NISHIAN, K. HIRAOKA, R ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
12-15
Published: February 15, 1991
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The three polyacrylonitrile membrane dialyzers, PNF-17CX2(CX), PAN-17DX(DX) and Filtral 16(F) were tested for biocompatibility and clinical performance. Eight patients on maintenance hemodialysis took part in this study. They changes of leucocyte counts, platelet counts and C3a at 15 min during the hemodialysis were the same degrees in the three dialyzers. The changes of plateletfactor-4 and activated coagulation time at 15 min during the hemodialysis and residual blood volume within the module fibers after each dialysis session were greater in CX than in other two dialyzers. In conclusion, DX shows the antithrombogenicity better than CX, and as same as F.
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Y EMOTO, T MIYAZAKI, T NIWA, K MAEDA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
16-18
Published: February 15, 1991
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Quinolinic acid is a metabolite of tryptophan. It is excreted into the urine in the healthy subjects. Quinolinic acid has various pharmacological effects, such as convulsive action in mouse, inhibition of erythropoiesis and lymphocyte blast formation. We identified quinolinic acid in uremic serum by use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 3, 5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid was added as an internal standard. The sample was deproteinized with ethanol, the eluate from ion exchange column was methylated and applied to GC/MS. Serum concentration of quinolinic acid (1.5±0.4μg/ml) was increased in the chronic hemodialysis patients as compared with that in the healthy subjects (0.10± 0.01, μg/ml). The serum concentration of quinolinic acid decreased to 0.25±0.12 μg/ml after conventional hemodialysis. After ultrafiltration by CF-25 (Amicon), the concentration of free quinolinic acid was measured. The concentration of the free quinolinic acid was the same as the serum level. This shows that quinolinic acid is not bound to serum proteins.
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H. ICHIKAWA, T. KAWASAKI, H. YAMAZAKI, T. MOMOSE, F. TAKEDA, M. SANO, ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
19-22
Published: February 15, 1991
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While the renal anemia is remarkably improved by rHuEPO administration, there is possibility of the decrease of dialysis efficiency by an increase of Ht. We studied the changes of reduction rates of scfutes with the stable maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients before and after the rHuEPO administration The subjects are the 8 patients with an improvement in anemia by rHuEPO therapy and at the same time with no changes in HD conditions such as Q
B, dialysers and dialysis time, The duration of the study was in tota16 months including 3 months before rHuEPO therapy and the 3 months during which Ht was consecutively more than 30% by the rHuEPO therapy. The increase of Ht was 9, 65±2.45% in avarageo As for the changes of reduction rate of solutes UN, P and uremic toxin peak 2a showed no notable changes, though Cr and UA showed a remarkable decrease. There was no case in which the HD condition had to be changed because of the decrease of dialysis efficiency of Cr and UA. Therefore, there seems to be no clinical problems as long as Ht is kept in 30%.
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K. ITO, H. NISHIBORI, H. AMEMIYA, H. OKUYAMA, T. TAIRA, T. AKIZAWA, [i ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
23-26
Published: February 15, 1991
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Influences of dialysis(HD) time under fixed urea index(UI) on phosphate removal was evaluated among 3.5, 4.0 and 4.Shr HD in which blood flow rate (QB) was changed from 210±20ml/min in 3.5hr HD, to 180±20ml/min in 4.Ohr HD and to 155±25ml/min in 4.5hr HD. Among three HD groups, no significant differences were observed in pre-HD BUN, UA, Cr and P concentrations, redution rates and elimination into dialysate of these substances, though clearances of them increased according to QB. Time course of P removal into dialysate showed gradual decreases along with HD time in 3.5 and 4.Ohr HD. During 4.5hr HD, it reached to plateau after 3.Ohr of HD, which might be due to inflow of P from extra-vascular space. P removal in short time HD strongly depended on pre-HD serum P level. It is concluded that P elimination was not affected by dialysis time at least between 3.5 to 4.5hr under fixed UI.
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K. NAKAGAWA, O. INAGAKI, R. IWAKI, Y. NISHIAN, K. HIRAOKA, T. SHONO, R ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
27-31
Published: February 15, 1991
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The binding capacity of nafamostat mesilate (FUT) to dialysis membrane was studied in vitro and in vivo by using polyacrylonitrile(PAN), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and cuprammonium cellulose (CC) membranes. FUT was adsorbed by PAN membrane in vitro and in vivo study. On the other hand, FUT was adsorbed by PMMA membrane in vitro study, but was not adsorbed by in vivo study. Furthermore, FUT was not absorbed by CC membrane in both studies. It is considered that FUT has a positive charge, so it was adsorbed by the negatively charged menbrane. PMMA membrane has thick protein layer in clinical use. It is therefore considered that FUT was not adsorbed by PMMA menbrane in vivo study.
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Y. OHTSUBO, Y. URUTA, A. KAMOZONO, N. NAGAYAMA, W. YAMASHITA, R. HARAD ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
32-34
Published: February 15, 1991
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PMMA and PAN membranes have adsorptive characteristics for proteins. We reported that PMMA membrane had strong adsorptive capacity for β
2-microglobulin (β
2-MG), retinol-binding protein and IgG compared with PAN membrane, and also these membranes had different characteristics for protein adsorption (Jpn J Artif Organs 19, 661, 1990). To clarify the further characterizations of PMMA and PAN membranes for protein adsorption, used membranes for hemodialysis were perfused with 8M urea solution and washed with the perfusate adding 10% DMSO in ultrasonic cleaner. The perfusates were analyzed with two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE), cellulose acetate electrophoresis(CAE) and gel filtration. 2-DE of PMMA membrane perfusate showed β
2-MG spot remarkably on polyacrylamide gel, which was similar to our previous report. CAE and gel filtra-tion studies showed different pattern between PMMA and PAN membrane perfusates. We concluded that PAN membranes had different characteri stics in protein adsorption fromPMMA membranes.
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K KINO, K NIIKURA, T AKIZAWA, S KOSHIKAWA, A KISHIDA, Y IKEDA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
35-38
Published: February 15, 1991
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The clinical effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted cellulose (new modified cellulose: New MC) membrane on blood-membrane interaction were examined. 5 regular hemodialysis (HD) patients underwent HD using 4 kinds of dialyzer, original cellulose (OC), and New MC-1, 2, and 3. In the latter three, 180, 100, and 60 μg PEG were grafted on gram hollow fiber, respectively. Dialysis induced complement activation, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, production of platelet releasing factors and G-elastase were significantly suppressed in New MC roughly depending on grafted PEG amount. Membrane adsorption of protein and of blood cells estimated by LDH level and SEM were also suppressed corresponding to the grafted PEG. The minimum requirement dose (MD) of heparin, 2000±794 in OC, was reduced to 667±207 U/HD in New MC, and under the former dose, New MC-2 less elevated thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) than OC at the end of HD. These results indi-cate that diffusion barrier, resulted from the free random movement of the grafted PEG chain on New MC, can effectively prevent blood-membrane interaction, then New MC is beneficial HD membrane which provides better biocompatibility and less thrombo-genecity and heparin requirement.
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H KAWANISHI, S SHINTAKU, N SHIGETA, N TAKAHASHI, T TSUCHIYA, Y IKADA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
39-41
Published: February 15, 1991
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Absorbable cuff made of polylactic polyglycolic acid (P-LA-GA) were used in vascular access anastomosis. All cases were given the conversion of the external shunt to internal arteriovenous fistula. Two of the 16 cases were obstracted within one week. The remaining 14 cases were available as vascular access immediately after the operation and capable of maintaining a sufficient amount of blood flow during the observation period of 4.1 ±2.7 months. The degree of stricture of the anastomosis inside diameter observed by angiography was 50 ±11% of the artery diameter after one week of operation, which was increased with time to 78.4 ±8.8% after 15 weeks. The use of absorbable cuff in internal vascular access is considered most appropriate for a conversion of external one. In the cases that were able to obtain a sufficient flow, the cuff was absorbed with time indicating an extension of the inside and an increase in its continuity. Thus, the effectiveness of this anastomosis technique has been proved.
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N HOSOYA, K SAKAI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
42-47
Published: February 15, 1991
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Backfiltration in HP dialyzers, which are used for removing a larger amount of beta-2-microglobulin, could cause an inflow of endotoxins from contaminated dialysate. Change of dialyzer specifications makes it possible to reduce Backfiltration rate or to prevent endotoxins from getting into blood stream. The authors propose a theoretical design method for HP dialyzers to reduce backfiltration. Under countercurrent operations, simulation results showed that the backfiltration could be prevented for dialyzers with FB-190UGA and PAN-12CX2 membranes of a length of 5cm and housing diameters of 7.7 and 8.8cm, respectively. Under cocurrent operations, however, dialyzers had the minimal backfiltration rates, which could be zero, at a given hollow fiber density. No backfiltration would occur under cocurrent operations in dialyzers with above two membranes of a length of 25cm and a fiber density of 0.52 and 0.62, respectively. Results can be generalized that enlarging housing diameters and shortening fiber length for countercurrent operations prevent backfiltration to occur and choosing an appropriate fiber density for cocurrent operations reduces backfiltration rate.
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Y NITADORI, T HANAI, Y ENOKIMOTO, M KANEKO, Y SUMA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
48-52
Published: February 15, 1991
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The effect of module design on
in vitro clearance of newly developed highly permeable polyacrylonitrile (PAN) dialyzer was studied. This new membrane (PAN DX) has large pores to have good solute permeability and the diameter of 250μm, which is rendered wider than that of conventional membranes in order to reduce blood side pressure drop. Three effecting factors of module design, eg (1) the ratio of the length of hollow fibers (L) over the diameter of the housing (D), (2) the packing ratio of hollow fibers in the housing and (3) the effect of the spacer filaments which are dispersed among hollow fibers in order to improve the uniformity of the dialysate flow, were examined. A very high value of
in vitro urea clearance (198ml/min, at Q
B200 and Q
D500ml/min) is obtained with a dialyzer of 1.5m
2, which has high L/D ratio (6, 7), high packing ratio (68%) and the improved uniformity of the dialysate flow with the use of the spacer filaments.
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Y OKUYAMA, K SASAKI, T KANAMORI, K SAKAI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
53-58
Published: February 15, 1991
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Adosorption isotherms of dialysis membranes were determined by the BET method, calculating the amount of adsorbed nitrogen and equilibrium pressure. From those isotherms the membrane pore diameter distribution was calculated by the Inkley method, The pore diameter distribution of vacuum-dried membranes and freeze-dried membranes were obtained by the BET method, Pore volume of freeze-dried membranes was higher than that of vacuum-dried membranes. Freeze-drying is well suited to obtain the same pore volume as wet membranes that are used clinically, A contraction in fiber length and wall thickness may occur on drying, and the rate of the contraction depends on material, water content and surface porosities. Pore diameter distributions of dialysis membranes were also determined by the DSC method, Results were nearly the same as those by the BET method, The DSC method also allows determination of the pore diameter distribution. Permeabilities for Beta-2-microglobulin and pure water were found to increase with the pore volume.
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M FUKUDA, N HOSOYA, T KANAMORI, K SAKAI, J NISHIKIDO, T WATANABE, F FU ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
59-64
Published: February 15, 1991
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Highly permeable (HP) membranes have higher solute permeabilities than conventional ones. As a result, the contribution of dialysate film mass transfer resistance increased on HP dialyzers. It should be reduced to improve the mass transfer performance of HP dialyzers. Little is known concerning the technical design of dialyzers, considering dialysate film mass transfer resistance. This paper describes the technical design of dialyzers to reduce the dialysate film mass transfer resistance. The dialysate film mass transfer coefficient increased with the fiber density. The increase in fiber density increased the mass transfer rate of HP dialyzers more effectively than that of conventional dialyzers. Keller's equation, commonly used for the technical design of dialyzers, should be modified because the dialysate film mass transfer coefficient calculated from the equation did not agree with those determined by a dialysis experiment.
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K HAGIWARA, A NAITO, M OKADA, K SAKAI, [in Japanese], T WATANABE, K IM ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
65-69
Published: February 15, 1991
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The mechanism of electrolyte transport through a dialysis membrane should be clarified to improve inorganic phosphate removal from patients on long-term hemodialysis. Dialysis experiments were made with aqueous radioisotope (32P)-labeled disodium hydrogenphosphate mixed with sodium chloride or potassium chloride of varying ionic strengths. Inorganic phosphate ion permeabilities were obtained for regenerated cellulose (RC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes. Aqueous sodium chloride or potassium chloride whose ionic strength equals that of an inner solution of the hollow fiber was used as dialysate. Permeability for inorganic phosphate ion of each membrane increased with the ionic strength of cations. On the same ionic strength, presence of cations of higher ionic mobility was advantageous to the permeability for inorganic phosphate. From the analysis based on the electrolyte diffusion theory, membrane structures would also affect on the membrane permeabilities. It is necessary to establish a new electrolyte diffusion theory, considering charge densities, membrane structures and membrane properties.
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K GOTOU, N MATSUI, S NAKAGAWA, S MARUO, M YOSHIDA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
70-75
Published: February 15, 1991
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Newly developed dialysis membrane, polyester-polymer alloy (PEPA) was examined to clarify the mechanism of removal of low molecular weight proteins, mainly β2 -MG (amyloidogenic precurser).
In vitro study, PEPA with large pore size adsorbs larger amount of β2-MG. Its adsorption capacity was gre-ater than PMMA (BK Type). Same results were shown in adsorption of other proteins such as myoglobin and lysozyme.
In circulation test using bovine plasma pool including β2-MG 50-60mg/L, PEPA with large pore size could not adsorb more β2-MG than PEPA with standard pore size.
Circulation study was performed with other high performance filters having 1.2m
2 of surface area. In PMMA filters, β2-MG was eliminated by adsorption alone. FB-110UGA (CTA) and F60 (polysulfone) filtrate β2-MG, but could not adsorb it. PEPA adsorbs β2-MG in first 2 hours, and filtrates it in last 2 hours.
In conclusion, PEPA could be applied for removal of β2-MG with both methods of hemodialysis and hemodi-afiltration.
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A NAITO, T OHMURA, T KANAMORI, K SAKAI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
76-81
Published: February 15, 1991
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Determination of solute permeabilities of hollow-fiber membranes is crucial for designing dialyzers. Previously reported method of evaluating solute permeabilities was modified in this paper. The new method was found to be effective for determining a solute permeability for vitamin B12 in bovine blood and in plasma. A hollow fiber soaked in an isotonic saline solution was placed in bovine blood or plasma containing vitamin B12. The vitamin B12 permeated through the membrane to the inside of hollow fiber which had been originally filled with an isotonic saline so that no bulk flow across the membrane would occur. Assuming the Lambert-Beer's law, the concentration of vitamin B12 inside of the hollow-fiber was continuously monitored by measuring the light intensity traveling axially over the inside solution from one end to the other. No differences were found in vitamin B12 permeabilities for isotonic saline, bovine blood and bovine plasma solutions. This demonstrated that large molecules such as proteins and erythrocytes did not interfere with the transport of vitamin B12 in bovine blood or bovine plasma.
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J. MINAKUCHI, M. MIZUGUCHI, S. KAWASHIMA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
82-84
Published: February 15, 1991
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The evaluation was made on PAN-DX which was improved by making PAN-CX
2 thinner and gradient micro porous structure. Four hour hemodialysis was performed on 6 patients at QB 200ml/min and QD 500ml/min using PAN-17DX (PAN membrane, 1.7m
2) Clearance Batas of low molecular weight substances were as follows, 172ml/min for BUN, 145ml/min for creatinine, and 135ml/min for IP. As for filtration characteristics, SC for β
2MG and albumin were 0.51 and 0.001 respectively, whereas removal proportion of β
2MG was 55.9% and its clearance amount into dialysate was 143.5mg, It was thought that PAN-17DX was high performance membrane with sharp cutoff characteristics.
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K SAKASHITA, T TUTUI, N YAMAMOTO, A ITO, C YAMAZAKI, K MASUKO, Y WATAN ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
85-90
Published: February 15, 1991
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We compared the biocompatibility among three modified cel-lulose membranes, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (HE), cationic synthetic polymer mask-ing cellulose (BT), and the polyetyleneglycol chains grafting cellulose (PC), in the patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD). Leukocyte count at 15 min of HD decreased by 480 of pre-HD in HE, 30% in BT and 28% in PC, respectively, and no significant differance was observed in the reduction among those membranes. The change in platelet count remained within 100 of pre-HD values througtout HD. Arterial C3a levels elevated to 4573 ±1437 (HE), 694 ±328 (BT), and 660 ±210 ng/ml (PC) at 15 min, respectively, then HE showed the strongest complement activation. Granulocyte elastase increased significantly during HD, and the increasing rate was higher in BT than that in HE or PC. β-TG also increased markedly in all membranes, however no differance was noted in its increasing rates. These results indicate that PC is as-sumed to have the best biocompatibility (among three membranes) from the point of view in less activation of complement and granulocyte.
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M NAMBU, K KUMANO, M KOYAMA, S KUSAKARI, T SAKAI.
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
91-93
Published: February 15, 1991
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Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), has been widely used for the treatment of anemia in dialysis patients. This study was carried out to assess whether rHuEPO was eliminated during dialysis by either membrane adsorption or filtration. An in vitro recirculation system was employed with the use of 8 types of dialyzers. The reduction rates of rHuEPO on the use of EVAL, PMMA and PAN (Filtral-16) for 2 hours recirculation were 20-25%, while those on other membrane dialyzers showed less than 12%. Sieving coefficient of rHuEPO at 30 and 60min during recirculation was 0.015 and 0.032 respectively on polysulfone (APS-15), 0.037 and 0.033 on cellulose triacetate, and was 0.123 and 0.104 on EVAL. On the other hand rHuEPO could not be detected in the filtrates passed through other membrane dialyzers. There results showed that rHuEPO was eliminated by membrane adsorption and/or filtration with use of certain membrane dialyzers. This fact should be taken into account on the use of rHuEPO during hemodialysis.
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Katsunori YOSHIDA, Yoshirio MOTOMIYA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
94-97
Published: February 15, 1991
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Comparative study of eliminatiug effects of uremic inhibitors on hematopoiesis was performed between two modules of dialyzers, e. g. cuprophane and EVAL membrane in 6 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis were evaluated by counting the colony forming unit of erythroid (CFU-E) derived colonies using fetal mouse liver cells at suboptimal EPO level about 13 mU/ml, in which pre- and post-dialysis plasma were added in the cases of using each membranes. The number of CFU-E derived colonies by adding normal (control) plasma sample into CFU-E culture medium was 69.1 colonies/10
3, on the other hand, the number of them by adding pre-dialysis plasma sample was 63.3 colonies/10
3. And the number of CFU-E derived colony by adding post-dialysis plasma was greater than the number of colony by adding pre-dialysis plasma sample. Consequently, there could be a lot of inhibitory factors on hematopoiesis in dialysis plasma. But there is not a significant difference about a recovery of CFU-E derived colony growth between cuprophane and EVAL membrane. In this study, we failed to confirm no significant difference about recovering in CFU-E derived colony growth by adding pre- and post-dialysis plasma between both of membranes.
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S TAKESAWA, H HIDAI, K SAKAI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
98-101
Published: February 15, 1991
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According to the improvement of hemodialysis membrane limitation of solute permeability, the dialyzer is able to eliminate low molecular weight proteins not only by convection, but also by diffusion. The permeation of low molecular weight proteins means diffusion of same molecular weight materials from dialysate to the blood compartment when these exist in the dialysate. Blood contamination with antigen proteins will cause various immunoreactions, which may lead to unknown uremic complications. Therefore, to eliminate these proteins in the dialysate line between the dialysis machine and the dialyzer, adsorptive removal with ceramic powder was devised. The diameter of this ceramic powder is from 100 to 200um and average pore diameter is 1, 500Å. Batchwise operation which had 1g of ceramic powder and 100ml solution of a marker protein in acetic acid dialysate showed the decrease of concentration. The order of adsorption capacity is as follows; lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A and α-lactalbumin. It is same as the descending order of isoelectric point. Another experiment with a column of 10mm diameter, containing 1g ceramic powder, showed the elimination of 1, 000ng/ml lysozyme in dialysate which flowed into the column as single pass. The removal ratio is around 80% at from 3 to 11 sec residence time. This result shows the rapid adsorption of protein onto the ceramic surface. Low isoelectric point proteins are not so well adsorped as high isoelectric point proteins, the modification of the ceramic powder, such as pore radius variation and/or surface reactant modulation, makes an effective removal of all kinds of proteins and toxic substances which will exist in dialysate.
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T NIWA, Y EMOTO, T YAZAWA, T MIYAZAKI, K MAEDA, M SHIBATA, N YAMADA, Y ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
102-106
Published: February 15, 1991
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Protein (albumin)-bound indoxyl sulfate and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) are markedly accumulated in serum of patients on maintenance hemodialyis (HD). Since the protein-bound compounds cannot be removed by conventional hemodialysis, we studied on the methods for the removal by HD with high-performance membrane dialyzers and/or by oral sorbent AST-120. CMPF could not be removed even by high-performance HD. Further, its serum concentration did not decrease after oral intake of oral sorbent. Reduction rates of indoxyl sulfate by HD with high-performance dialyzers such as FB-150U and PE-1.25UD were higher than those by HD with conventional dialyzers, but their reduction rates were not sufficient to decrease its serum concentrations. Supplementary use of oral sorbent AST-120 was effective to decrease markedly the serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate in the HD patients.
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I TAKAI, T SHINZATO, H KOBAYAKAWA, H FUJITA, H MORITA, K MAEDA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
107-111
Published: February 15, 1991
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We treated end-stage renal failure patients with intermittent short-time push/pull HDF (P/P HDF) while at the same time using a wearable artificial kidney for continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration (CAVH) in between the P/P HDF treatments. During the short-time P/P HDF treatments we transfered dialysate comparable to 3% body weight into the body through membrane, and this amount was removed during the CAVH treatment following the P/P HDF therapy. Thus, the hemodynamics was stabilized during the P/P HDF treatment and, despite the fact that there was no water restriction, the body weight during the times in which P/P HDF was not performed remained in the virtually dry condition. The Kt/V
urea during the combination treatments was equivalent to that with regular dialysis treatment. The time-averaged β2-microglobulin concentration in the course of this period of the combination treatment was found to be significantly lower than during conventional regular dialysis treatment period.
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M TANIGUCHI, R ITO, K UCHITA, T ABE
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
112-115
Published: February 15, 1991
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We developed a computer system capable of simulating the operation of the NCS-200 system, monitoring its operating status, and manipulating its operation. The NCS-200 dialysate delivery machine is based on a conventional apparatus. The ROM was changed to a new one having a communications function, and the NCS-200 was coupled with a personal computer by optical fiber cables conforming to the RS-232C serial interface. The program can be operated by either keyboard or mouse. The NCS management control system program that we devised includes management, report, and maintenance functions. This system has made it easier to monitor the operating status of the dialysate delivery machine and to control the concentration of the dialysate fluid.
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T. OHMI, C. MUTO, F. NISHIBORI, H. AMEMIYA, Y. SAKAI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
116-119
Published: February 15, 1991
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Plasma clearance of β
2-Microglobulin was meausured sequentially at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes, after initiation of hemodialysis in 5 maintenance hemodialysis patients, using a high performance membrane dialyzer (PMMA, BK-2.1m
2 and BK-1.6m
2). Average plasma clearance of β
2-MG for all patients were as follows: at 15min: 63.1±9.8ml/min, 30min: 56.5±9.5ml/min, 60min: 45.1±6.8ml/min, 120min: 34.5±6.6ml/min and 240min: 32.4±6.3ml/min respectively (n=5-12). On the other hand, average dialysate side clearance of β
2-MG was as follows: at 120min: 2.7±0.8ml/min and 240min: 8.8±2.2ml/min (n=5). From the above results, decrease of plasma β
2-MG clearance was less during the later 120min dialysis session, as compared to that of the earlier 120min. So it was suggested that plasma β
2-MG clearance for the earlier half was largely dependent on its adsorption into the dialysis membrane. On the contrary, though the amount of β
2-MG adsorbed into the membrane reduced during the later half, transmembrane removal increased. This was also confirmed by the results of the dialysate side clearance. In addition, according to the results obtained by mass balance analysis of β
2-MG in extracellular fluid, based on the calculations from plasma clearance and plasma concentrarion of β
2-MG, it was speculated that β
2-MG moved into the extracellular space during hemodialysis from a certain pool, not confirmed yet, despite the fact that β
2-MG was consecutively removed by hemodialysis.
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H. MORI, K. HIRAOKA, R. YORIFUJI, K. NAKAGAWA, Y. NISHIAN, T. SHONO, O ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
120-123
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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We examined the adsorptive characteristics of highly performed membranes for hormones regulating blood pressure, namely, AVP and endothelin. Membranes used in the experiment were cuprophan (SP1. OH), PMMA (BK1. OU), polysulfone (F50), EVAL (KF 201-1000) and PAN (Filtral). During an in vitro study using bovine serum, AVP was strongly adsorbed by the PMMA membrane and the PAN membrane and slightly adsorbed by the polysulfone membrane and the EVAL membrane, but not by the cuprophan membrane. The AVP adsortive rate of the PAN membrane was greater than that of the PMMA membrane. In addition, the β
2-MG adsorptive rate of the PAN membrane was smaller than that of the PMMA membrane. On the other hand, endothelin was not adsorbed by each membrane. These results indicate that the adsorption of the hormone in the dialysis membrane depends on the specificities of the hormone and the characteristics of the membrane.
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K GAN, K HISANO, T LENAGA, T SAWAMURA, M OKADA, K NAKUMURA, T YAMAMOTO
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
124-128
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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From July 1987 to August 1990, six newborn infants with acute renal failure were treated by continuous hemofiltration (HF) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Maternal and Perinatal Center at Kobe University Hospital and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Takatsuki General Hospital. The hemofilter of our HF system is a polysulfon hollow fiber filter with a 0.02m
2 membrane and a total priming volume of 20ml. The mean duration of HF was 55.7hrs (range 8 to 144), and the mean filtrate volume was 4.3ml/kg/hr (range 1.0 to 7.7). The blood urea nitrogen level and the serum creatinine level decreased from 53.0±31.4mg/dl to 42.8±29.0mg/dl and from 3.2±1.7mg/dl to 2.5±1.1mg/dl (p<0.05), respectively. The serum potassium level was corrected from 5.2±2.6mEq/l to 4.9±1.6mEq/l. Body weights dropped from 1984±1437g to 1944±1466g (p<0.1). The hemodynamics during HF were stable. As compared with 4 cases treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) in our hospital, the body weight and serum creatinine levels of the HF group decreased significantly compared to those in the PD group. The hemodynamics of the HF group were more stable than those for the PD group during these procedures. It is concluded that HF is a safe and effective treatment for acute renal failure in neonate.
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Yoshiro FUJITA, Kazunori NAKANE, Takahiro SHINZATO, Ichiro TAKAI, Hiro ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
129-132
Published: February 15, 1991
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Before, during and after dialysisinduced hypotension, the changes in blood volume and hemodynamic parameters were measured, together with the plasma cetecholamine levels and water evaporation rate from the skin.
The results indicated that at the time of hypotension, there was a decrease in venous retuen to the right atrium due to relocation of circulating blood volume. Moreover, it was shown that the decrease in the venous return was caused by the acute failure of the sympathetic nervous system compensating for the reduction in vascular wall tension due to some unknown factor, and the localization of the sympathetic nervous system failure was not the afferent pathway.
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T HORIUCHI, Y OHTA, Y TADA, T DOHI, N AZUMA, T MATSUGANE, H SAKURAI, H ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
133-138
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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Graphical reconstruction of serial image data of the X-ray CT on three dialysis patients was studied to measureintraperitoneal dialysate volume. Volumeestimation with a surface reconstructed model showed within 16% error while 36% error with a voxel model. However, totalcalculation time including data acquisi-tion was 15 times faster with a voxel model. These results are indicative of higher relevance in clinical use of a voxel model when much clearer contour between water and tissues is obtained byimprovement of software as well as the CT apparatus.
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H TAKABATAKE, N KOIDE, S SASAKI, M MATSUSHIMA, T TAKENAMI, R ONO, K SA ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
139-144
Published: February 15, 1991
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Rat hepatocyte-spheroids encapsulated with 2.5% calcium-alginate gel were used for a bioreactor in a circulating spouted bed culture system. The encapsulated spheroids in this system retained morphological stability as well as albumin and urea nitrogen producing abilities for 48 hours. The encapsulated spheroids may provide a new bio-reactor in bio-artificial liver support, since they had advantages of easy handling, functional and morphological stabilities and ability of high-density culture in this system.
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Y SATO, T OCHIYA, K MATSUBARA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
145-149
Published: February 15, 1991
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Poly-N-para-vinylbenzyl-D-lactonamid (PVLA)-coated reticulated polyurethane (PVLA-RPU) has been employed for the long-term maintenance of primary rat hepatocyte cultures. After 3 days of incubation of 2×10
7 hepatocytes/cm
3 embedded in PVLA-RPU discs and kept in culture medium, most cells showed typical hepatocyte morphology with some bile canaliculi-like intercellular spaces developed among the hepatocytes on electron microscopic investigation. The cells were attached to the surface of the PVLA-RPU and formed multicellular spheroids within the reticulated pores. The hepatocytes maintained various liver-specific functions such as albumin secretion, ammonium metabolism, urea synthesis, and gluconeogenesis for up to 40 days. When the cells in the discs were transplanted into peritoneal cavities of rats intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride(CCl
4), a considerable increase in survival rate was observed with the treated rats as compared to the untreated rats. The liver-specific functions of the intraperitoneal transplanted cells were maintained for up to two months. Thus, this new system may be useful as a bioreactor for the artificial liver.
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S TOBE, Y TAKEI, T KUGUMIYA, A KOBAYASHI, K KOBAYASHI, T AKAIKE
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
150-155
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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The formation of multilayer aggregations of attached hepatocytes on PVLA (poly-N-p-vinylbenzyl-D-lactonamide) remarkably depended on the concentrations of supplemented EGF and insulin. Furthermore, the aggregation was synergistically accelerated by the addition of both hormones as well as calcium ion into the culture medium. Hepatocytes in the aggregation exhibited better maintenance of specific hepatocyte-functions such as the secretion of albumin and bile acid, and retained mitochondrial enzyme activity than those in the monolayer culture on collagen and fibronectin. On the other hand, DNA synthesis of hepatocytes cultured on PVLA was clearly suppressed. The formed multilayer aggregation was histologically confirmed to hold thee-dimensional structure mediated by an extracellular matrix. The formation of multilayer aggregation was suppressed by the addition of cis-OH-proline which is specific inhibitor of collagen synthesis and GRGDSP oligopeptide which competes with the specific binding site of adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin. These results suggested that cultured hepatocytes on PVLA produced some extracellular matrices with the addition of above-mentioned hormones and then made use of them for self-assembling of the multilayer aggregation.
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H MATSUE, M TAKAHASHI, T HAMADA, T HASE, Y NAKAJIMA, J UCHINO, F KUMAG ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
156-161
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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A hybrid artificial liver(AFL) using monolayer cultured pig hepatocytes was evaluated in this paper. The module was constructed with 40 glass plates hepatocytes which were almost equivalent to 3.5-4.0g liver tissue in total. The glucose, urea and ammonia levels were 4.5 ug/hr/ Module, 22.0+4.2 ug/hr/Module, and constant for following 5 days. Hepatocytes in perfusion culture were almost maintained morphologically, for 5 days as well as in monolayer culture. These results indicate that our new AFL device using perfusion culture could support patients in hepatic failure.
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K YANAGI, N OHSHIMA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
162-166
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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To enable a high density culture of hepatocytes for the use as a hybrid-type artificial liver support system, collagen-coated reticulated polyvinyl formal (PVF) resin (a filter material with porosity over 80%, Kanebo Kasei Co.) was applied for the primary culture of hepatocytes. Stationary culture experiments and perfusion culture experiments using PVF resins and monolayer culture experiments using collagen-coated Petri dishes were performed. The highest density of hepatocytes in the PVF resin was over 10 times as high as those in the monolayer culture. In perfusion culture experiments, hepatocytes secreted large molecular weight substances in the medium and showed sufficient abilities of ammonium metabolism and urea synthesis similar to those in monolayer culture experiments.
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S KASAI, S HIRAI, M INAGAKI, N OHE, M SAWA, A KAKISAKA, T YAMAMOTO, M ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
167-172
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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To develop a new hybrid artificial liver, three different kinds of basic culture medium Hanks' solution, MEM, Williams'E and the addition of h-EGF, fibronectin, DBcAMP, proline, glutamine were investigated of their availability for the improvement of metabolic functions of hepatocytes entrapped with Ca-alginate used as a reactor in this liver support system. The mixture of rat hepatocyte suspension obtained by collagenase digestive method and 2% Na-alginate was dropped into 0.1 M CaCl
2 to make gel beads. Elimination rate of challenged NH
3, gluconeo-genesis, albumin synthesis and TAT activity were also examined in monolayer culture system, but no singnificant availability of the additives was obtained in spite of slight improvement in the morphological observation. It may be concluded that metabolic functions of Caalginate entrapped hepatoc tes depend on the quality of basic culture medium much more than the additives investigatedin this study.
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S OMOKAWA, Y ASANUNA, K KOYAMA, T SAKURADA, T ABE, S MIYAGATA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
173-178
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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The significance of blood purification for patients with acute and chronic types of postoperative liver failure was studied. Blood purification, mainly plasma exchange(PE), was carried out for 13 cases of acute type and 2 cases of chronic type of postoperative liver failure. Four out of 13 cases (31%) survived. Although only 1 case of 8 cases accompanying with chronic liver diseases survived, 3 cases out of 5 without chronic liver diseases could survive. In the most of the survival cases, other organ failures were less occurred, and total bilirubin and blood ammonia before PE were less than 15mg/dl and 200ug/dl, respectively. In addition total bilirubin, blood ammonia and BCAA/AAA ratio were quickly recovered within 5 sessions of PE in such cases. PE as a chronic liver support for 2 patients with postoperative liver failure was effective in reducing jaundice and in improving consciousness and general condition. PE should be introduced early by assessing the changes in total bilirubin, blood ammonia and casa grade in the patients with acute type postoperative liver failure. PE could be useful as a chronic support system for those awaiting liver transplantation.
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Y YAMASAKI, N UEDA, M KUBOTA, M SEKIYA, R KAWAMORI, T KAMADA, T KATAKU ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
179-182
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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To clarify the mechanism of the loss of sensor's activity during the implantation, the effects of the three steps of blood coagulation on sensor output were investigated. When a needle-type glucose sensor was dipped into thrombo-cyte-rich saline injected with epinephrine to induce thrombocyte aggregation, the sensor showed no significant change in its output. When a sensor was dipped into thrombocyte-rich plasma injected with CaCI to induce fibrin clotting, the sensor also showed no significant change in its output. However, after the sensor was implanted in the artificial skin when fibroblasts were grown up, the sensor showed a negligible response against glucose in culture medium. These data indicated that cell-aggregation around an implanted sensor might interfere its output and a sensor's membrane design to reduce the cell-aggregation around a sensor might extend its long-life.
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K KAJIWARA, H FUKUSHIMA, M SAKAKIDA, Y HASHIGUCHI, M SHICHIRI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
183-187
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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In previous experiments, we demonstrated that by applying infra-red spectroscopy, serum and blood glucose concentrations could be measured quantitatively, if the interferences and base-line drift were subtracted. In this experiment, we have analyzed the spectra of substrates other than glucose and found that absorbance spectra from blood samples were consistent with the compound specta of each component of red blood cell corpuscles, albumin, globulin and glucose. Therefore, to eliminate the base-line drift and interferences, we have applied the subtraction method with the spectrum of fasting sample. The S/N ratio was also improved. Then, highly significant correlations between the intensities and the increases in glucose concentrations for serum or blood samples were obtained. By applying this subtraction method to the spectra through mucous membrane of lip, intensities of absorbance spectra, proportional to glucose concentrations, could be obtained during oral glucose load in a diabetic patient. From these experiment, it was suggested that infra-red spectroscopy is useful for the continuous and non-invasive measurement of tissue glucose concentrations.
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K OHKURA, K ITO, H TAKAGI, S IKEDA, K ITO, T KONDO
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
188-192
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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The bullet type glucose sensor and the needle type glucose sensor have been developed for an artificial pancreas. There are some problems on working of glucose sensor after implantation. The glucose sensor did not work especially under low oxygen concentration for a long time. We tried to work out these problems and tried to change semipermeable membrane. We found out that glucose semipermeable membrane was changeable. We reached to the conclusion that the semipermeable membrane should be developed for a long-lived glucose sensor.
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TYPE GLUCOSE SENSOR AS A MEASURE OF TRUE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS
M SAKAKIDA, H FUKUSHIMA, K KAJIWARA, Y HASHIGUCHI, M SHICHIRI
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
193-198
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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At present, these differences between subcutaneous tissue glucose concentrations meas-ured by glucose sensor and circulating blood glucose have not been clarified yet. The major reason for the apparent lower values in subcutaneous tissue might be due to the reduced sensor output resulted from the insufficient availability of oxygen in the tissue. To solve this oxygen limitation problems, we have developed a ferrocene-mediated needle-type glucose sensor, and examined in vitro and in vivo sensor characteristics. 1) In in vitro experiments, the output current of standard glucose sensor decreased significantly with reduced oxygen tension. On the other hand, oxygen tension did not affect on the output current of ferrocene-mediated glucose sensor. Even in the low oxygen tension, a linear current proportional to glucose concentrations was observed. 2) In animal experiments, subcutaneous tissue glucose concentrations with standard glucose senor did not follow to the changes in glycemia. On the contrary, subcutaneous tissue glucose concentrations measured by ferrocene-mediated glucose sensor could precisely follow to the changes in hyper- and hypo- glycemic excursions under the lower oxygen tension. Therefore, we confirmed that the ferrocene-mediated glucose sensor possessed excellent sensor characteristics, and showed minimal sensitivity to relevant oxygen tensions, and could be applied for subcutaneous tissue glucose measurements.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
199-202
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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Approximately 2000 islets collected from 3S-D rats were enclosed into mesh reinforced polyvinyl alcohol tube (MRPT) and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of STZ-induced diabetic Wister rats. Following transplantation, a decreased blood glucose levels was observed until 12th day in 5 rats. In one rat, a decreased blood levels (160mg/dl) was induced up to 97th day. In vitro study on permeability revealed that glucose and insulin well permeated through MRPT membrane, but no permeation was observed for immunoglobulin G, suggesting that MRPT could be useful for protection from rejection after transplantation.
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H SHIMIZU, K KOBAYASHI, H IWATA, H AMEMIYA, T AKUTSU
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
203-208
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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A mathematical model which can express glucose-induced insulin release from bioartificial pancreas (BAP) was developed using Pick's Second law of diffusion and Nomura's mathematical formula of insulin release of native islet. The validity of the model was certified by comparing experimental insulin release with predicted values from the mathematical model. Islets were microencapsulated in agarose microbeads and perifusion studies were carried out. Our mathematical model well reproduced the experimental data. Insulin release behaviors from various type bioartificial pancreas suchas microbead, rod and tablet were formulated by our mathematical model. It predicts that the rate of insulin release depends on the thickens of the hydroel membrane rather than the shape of BAP. Native islet shows two phase glucose-induced insulin secretion. As thicker the hydrogel membrane is, the first phase insulin release retards and disappears. The obtained mathematical model should be useful in the future design of a bioartificial pancreas.
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H OHGAWARA, T KAWAI, S TERAOKA, K OTA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
209-212
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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Porcine islet-like cell clusters (ICCS) were transplanted into streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats (STZ-rats) and NOD-mice in the absence of immunosuppression, using a diffusion chamber in a Bioartificial endocrine pancreas (Bio-AEP). An implantable diffusion chamber for a Bio-AEP was constructed by placing ICCs in a gel-matrix in the center of a ring holder sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes which were held in place by two other ring holders, or just sealed with a silicon O-ring. The membranes were used as a mechanical barrier between the endocrine pancreatic graft and the host's immuno system. Transplantation of Bio-AEPs with ICCs into NOD-mice and STZ-rat re-versed hyperglycemia for at least 7 to 10 weeks without immunosuppression.
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H IWATA, K KOBAYSHI, H SHIMIZU, H AMEMIYA, T AKUTSU
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
213-216
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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we prepared Bioartificial pancreas(BAP) by microencapsulation of islets in agarose microbeads. Five diabetic BALB/cByJ (H-2d) mice received intraperitoneal implants of 1500-3000 microencap-sulated islets of C57BL/6(H-2b) mice. All of five were demonstrating normal plasma glucose levels for more than 100 days. Graft rejection was not experienced during observation. Longest normoglycemic period was over 350 days. Agarose microbeads were impossible to be recovered as free floating state from the peritoneal cavities. They were consistently sur-rounded by a tissue. The sections of the tissue which was removed from the peritoneal cavity at 235 days after the implantation showed viable islet cells in the agarose microbeads. This research demonstrated that the BAP could be prepared by microencapsulating islets agarose gel, and that the diabetic state was reproducibly restored by the implantation of the BAP containing allogeneic islets.
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S NAGANUMA, T AGISHI, A MIURA, J MURAKAMI, T SUZUKI, K OTA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
217-222
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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It was suggested from this study that in some chronic hemodialysis patients hyperlipidemia was gradually developed according to longterm hemodialysis therapy and thus atherosclerotic vascular disease was accelerated.
Chronic hemodialysis patients have hyperlipidemia which sometimes is resistant to drug therapy. LDL reduction therapy was supposed to be clinically effective in regression of atherosclerotic symp-toms in chronic hemodialysis patients with hyperlipidemia. LDL adsorption with hemodialysis is an effective and safe procedure to treat hyperlipidemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. Ultimately LDL reduction could reduce the increase of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in this population.
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K MITA, O OTUBO, Y SUZUKI, S HARA, T SAINO, R TANIOKA, H IKEDA, Y SHIM ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
223-229
Published: February 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: October 07, 2011
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We developed a new type of adsorbent, PC-2, preparing from cross-linked agarose(SepharoseCL-4B) and hexamethylenediisocyanate. The beads are water swollen cross-linked gels and have the mean diameterof 55 micron in wet state. PC-2 can specifically remove beta-2-microglobul in, anti-AchR Ab, anti-nuclear Ab, anti-ds-DNA Ab, immune complex, IgG-RF. Thus, we sould enable to use PC-2 clinically for CRF, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arithritis or other autoimmune diseases. In this report, we also evaluated bio-compatibility and adsorption mechanism of PC-2.
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H ABE, T TANI, K NUMA, Y ENDO, T YOSHIOKA, H AOKI, K MATSUDA, K HANASA ...
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
230-234
Published: February 15, 1991
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Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and its components were immobilized to polystyrene beads in order to utilize its anti-tumor effect without toxicity. Spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice and SD rats were activated by contact stimulation with immobilized beads and cytotoxicity tests were measured by
51Cr release assay. The beads immobilizing a component of LPS enhanced little cytotoxicity. Activated spleen cells from mice with E. coli LPS immobilized beads led to strong cytotoxicity, and those from rats with Salmonella LPS immobilized beads led to strong cytotoxicity. Suppression of tumor growth and lung metastasis was recognized after activated spleen cells injection. Direct hemoperfusion with Salmonella LPS immobilized beads was safely carried out in rats.
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H MIYAZAKI, S MURABAYASHI, A MITOH, Y MORITA, T YUHTA
1991 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages
235-240
Published: February 15, 1991
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It is well known that the ad-sorption behavior of lymphocytes on materials is related to the material size as well as their surface chemical characteristics. To evaluate if the material size also affect the lymphocyte function, five different sizes of polypropylene fibers with the diameter ranging from 1.5μm to 17μm were cultured with murine lymphocytes. They were stimulated with Con A and the fiber size effect on lymphocytes were evalu-ated in terms of IL-2 production. Lymphocytes were adsorbed very efficiently only to fibers with diameters less than 10μm. Among the fibers which adsorbed lymphocytes, the IL-2 activity in the supernatant cultured with the finest fiber of 1.5μm showed the highest value, suaaestina possible size effect on the lymphocyte functions.
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