Increasing rates of car-ownership levels in cities are different between cities. This paper analyzes the factors of differences in the increasing rates of car-ownership among cities in Japan, and clarifies the structure composed by these factors. Using data of 68 cities in non-metropolitan regions in 1967 and 1977, multi-regression analysis is applied. The main findings are as follows. 1. Vehicle-ownership increasing rates from 1967 to 1977 including lorries are affected by employment rates and household sizes of 1967 and these changes from 1967 to 1977. 2. Changes in car-ownership levels are affected by these 4 factors and physical conditions in cities such as population suburbanization and population density increasing rates caused by population growth. 3. Population suburbanization is affected by income level, car-ownership level and land-use control.

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This study aims to propose a planning system for urban public transportation networks, such as bus and subway networks. This system is first characterised by a route choice model based on the theory of disaggregate demand forecasting and a method for evaluating alternative plans from view points of users and operator. And a computer-aided system is also developed in order to save many man-hours in the planning process and improve the reliability of planning through repeated trials. The planning system is applied to a real urban area and its effectivenss is examined.

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This paper describes the findings of research program to develop and validate a model for predicting seasonal variations in skid resistance. The model was developed by obtaining frequent skid-resistance measurements in several geographical areas in the United States and from purely statistical consideration. To apply the model, the user should select the set of coefficient values that pertains to the pavement type and geographical area of interest. The model was applied for predicting the skid resistance on a particular day and for predicting the level of skid resistance at the end of the year. Based on these results, it is concluded that the developed generalized model is effective predictor model for predicting seasonally adjusted values of skid resistance.

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In order to analyze and synthesize the station-type-waste-collection system, the computer model is required. In this paper, the modeling procedures are discussed. By examining the characteristics of the whole model and system parameters, especially with regard to the effect on the computational fitness of the model to the actual system, the model is simplified and revised step by step. Consequently special considerations to the non-uniformity of the traffic conditions in the collection area improve the model's fitness remarkably. In addition the algorisms which enable the model to be adjusted to the change of the system conditions are presented, so that the model can be used in various situations.

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A model of trip chaining in a linear city is developed in this study using the concepts of time-space prism and utility maximization. The unique features of the model include the following: (a) The potential utility of the time spent at home is evaluated using the area of the prism formed by the sojourn at home; and (b) The concept of the fixed utility is introduced as a measure of the benefit derived by the action of returning home. Several properties of a worker's choice of a trip chain were derived. These include that the more the duration of the activity, the distance between the work and home location, or the speed of the travel mode used, the more the home-based trip chain chosen. This result agrees with empirical data. One of the important findings is that the size of the prism significantly influences a worker's choice of a trip chain. Future directions of research are also discussed.

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Many highway problems arise from bottleneck congestion. Regarding highway commute traffic, this analysis proposes a model which estimates the cumulative arrival curves at bottlenecks around a single core during the morning peak, given commuters' home locations and work schedules. It is necessary, therefore, to identify when and which bottleneck each commuter passes. Each commuter is assumed to have a common form of travel cost function which consists of a static cost of free flow travel time and a time-dependent cost due to bottleneck congestion. Commute trips are assigned spatially and temporally, so as to establish an equilibrium. The model is applied to the Metropolitan Expressway Network, and the estimated cumulative arrival curves reasonablly fit the observed.

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This study aims to develop the behavior model to urban facilities. First, the utility function that the facility user can receive through the use of it, is assumed. Second, the model to explain the structure of demand for the facility is set up on the basis of the utility maximization theory. The number of times the facility is used, is explained by the cost, the travel time and the value of use of the facility. Then, the appropriateness of hypotheses and theories involved in the model are examined. As a result, the behavior model that is quite simple and proper, could be developed.

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Estimation of the effects of infrastructure, such as highways and ports, are carried out by C-B analysis or I-O analysis. On the contrary, the evaluation models for public service facilities, such as shopping center, park and etc., are not always established up to this time. There are two ways to evaluate those. They are
1) To make use of the satisfication levels that is specified by the inhabitant's opinion.
2) To make use of the social costs and benefits measured in monetary terms.
This paper discusses a conbined model with two different ideas, the satisfication levels on enviroments are estimated by using Matrix-Network method, and the social Costs-Benefits are estimated in terms of money by using the theory of utility function.

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Road construction have been made without adequate consideration of inhabitants' consciousness. The objective of the study is to investigate the inhabitants' consciousness of the road construction and to explore their application in the planning. The data were gathered from the questionnaire survey from 27 areas of Kinki district. They were analyzed by Fuzzy Clustering. As a result of the analysis, the sample areas were clearly classified into three clusters. In addition, it became clear that the scale of city and inhabitants' consciousness of the road building are correlated strongly. Finally, it was also concluded that information about inhabitants' consciousness according to the scale of city should be incorporated in the planning.

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The measurement of track irregularities has long been based on the principle of versed sine method. But the waveform measured by this method is different from its original one corresponding to the true track irregularity on ground. Firstly in this paper after analysis of the relationship between the two waveforms, possible restorations are formulated and a new restoring method using the digital inverse filter is proposed. Then the accuracies of the restoration in a designed inverse filter and the effects of measuring noises are analysed and through applications of the method to the data collected aboard the track inspection car operated on Shinkansen, the effectiveness of the method for the restoration in the range of the wavelengths of primary concern has been verified.

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An approach to the formulation of speed distribution model for traffic flow is investigated. Considering the proportion of leader and follower cars, the elementary model of speed distribution for the ideal uniform traffic flow is proposed. Then, a model of actual speed distribution in a given period is formulated by assembling elementary models, which can reflect the pattern of fluctuation of 1-minute traffic volume and the presence of congested flow. It is found that the data observed at arterial two-lane roads and our proposed elementary and actual models for speed distribution are matched properly. Some of the speed distribution characteristics are also illustrated.

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