This paper is to assess the impact of the spatial characteristics such as area and connectivity of biotope on species abundance in urban landscape. Dragonfly communities are chosen as biological indicator and evaluation criteria is established based on their lifecycle and habitat. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is performed between species number and area of several biotope types. Also, to quantify biotope connectivity, two indexes indicating isolation degree and interaction between biotopes is calculated. As a result, the following are found; first, area of pond are significant for the species abundance of dragonfly as well as are of wood and grass. Second, both isolation degree and interaction degree of pond are influential factor to determine species abundance.

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We propose a new evaluation procedure of fish habitats by considering the environmental preference with four behavioral modes (feeding, resting, hiding, spawning) and considering the fish home range. The procedure is applied to Furukou River, Yamaguchi Pref., in which restoration work is going on. The calculated fish distribution by this procedure successfully reproduces the observed fish distribution, whereas a method without behavioral modes fails to reproduce it. By using this procedure, we can evaluate the importance of the combination of pools and rapids, which we could not evaluate properly before.

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The forest has greatly been evaluated from viewpoint of the water resource cultivation. On the evaluation of the water resource cultivation of the forest, it is imperative to grasp the geobaotanical relation between the state of vegetation health as a constituent element of the forest and the geological feature. As a result of comparative analysis of geological distribution with spectral index computed by {50×(Band. 4/Band. 3)+Band. 5} of Landsat TM data, distribution pattern of both is nearly agreed. This spectral index was named “geobaotanical index”. This study proposes the use of the geobaotanical index by satellite data analysis as a possible method of assessing the physical property of cedar-forest soil in Boso Peninsula.

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With the urban development, the large-scale implication for the natural environment is caused through transferring huge amounts of natural resources and energy from various regions to urban area. In order to evaluate such environment Impact, quantification material transfer related to the urban development by using Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is necessary. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of estimating TMR about urban development, which includes estimation of Direct Material Input (DMI) as well as Hidden Material Flow (HMF). Compared with the other method, the proposed method is bottom-up method and can be applied in the micro scale with the help of GIS. In addition, this method is applied to actual case of residence construction. As the result of case study in Kitakyushu City, it shows TMP for residence construction in low hilly area is about 1, 645 Ton/person in which HMF is about 1, 591 Ton/person and DMI about 59 Ton/person.

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It is feared that lead is released to the environment from shredded residential bulky waste (RBW). To minimize the impact, the dominant source of lead should be identified and controlled. We determined lead leachability and lead content in various kinds of waste products in RBW. Consequently, the following conclusions were obtained. 1) Picture tubes of TV sets and printed circuit boards of home appliances have high lead content. 2) The total lead contents in RBW was estimated to be 2, 048 g/t (dry RBW), in which TV sets made the highest contribution (about 90%). 3) Removing TV sets from RBW stream, about seventy percent of the lead contained in landfilling residues could be reduced.

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Performance of a novel in-situ denitrification process was studied under two different electrode configurations in laboratory-scale sandy aquifers. The electrode configurations used in this study were perpendicular and parallel configurations where the directions of electric currents are perpendicular and parallel to the groundwater flow direction, respectively. Experimental results showed that the perpendicular configuration was better than the parallel configuration because of smaller effect of electric field produced in aquifers. A two-dimensional mathematical model for the perpendicular configuration was developed taking into considerations of migration, advection, diffusion and denitrification rates. The calculation results from the model were fairly in good agreement with experimental data.

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In order to investigate the effect of ammonia on acidogenic bacterial growth characteristics using carbohydrate and protein in anaerobic digestion, continuous experiment feeding with a synthetic substrate composed of starch and peptone was performed by changing ammonia nitrogen concentration of digester content. The carbohydrate degradation efficiency was decreased to below 20% with increasing the ammonia nitrogen loading rate to 4.21g-TAN/g-VSS. It seemed that acidogenic bacteria with an ability to utilize both of carbohydrate and protein grew by mainly utilizing protein under the toxic ammonia concentration. It also appeared that before the carbohydrate degradation efficiency was dramaticaly decreased, ethanol concentration in metabolite increased with ammonia nitrogen concentration increased.

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