This study is to focuss on the necessity of the disaggregate approach for urban areas in the developing countries as a tool of urban transportation planning, then to develop some disaggregate modells by several segments for Metro Manila as a case study, finally to compare them with each other from the viewpoint of the “homogeneity” and “heterogeneity” of the mode choice behaviour revealed from sampled data. As a conclusion, the study illustrates much higher applicability of the disaggregate modelling system even with small sampling size to the whole urban area, because the colected samples can be regarded as homogenious.

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SP panel data is believed to be effective to develop forecasting models which incoporate individuals' dynamic choice behavior for non-existing transport systems. However, this data includes a bias inherent in SP experiments and a panel attrition bias. If these biases are not corrected, SP models may generate inaccurate results. This study aims to improve the prediction accuracy of models using SP panel data for New Transit System in Hiroshima by modifying these two biases. The accuracy is checked by comparing the predicted modal shares with the actual ones given after the opening of the NTS. It is shown that SP models with panel data which are modified by proposed methods in this study are useful to forecast the travel demand of such a new alternative as the NTS.

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A method for regenerating a distant scenery that is faithful with a scenery phenomena is applied to a scenery analysis. The following results have been achieved.
1. Using data of Kamakura to simulate various rainy sceneries with usual rainfall of 1.6mm/hr, heavy rainfall of 53mm/hr, good rainfall of 1.7mm/hr, and so on.
2. Imagery weather in famous paintings was analyzed, thereby proving that a scenery having a cloud thickness of around 400m and a Distant Blue with a degree of unclearness ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 is a good one.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of construction type investment as fiscal policy from the point of view of the multiplier effects. The multiplier effects which are derived from eighteen types of construction investment are measured by input-output analysis at six points of time from 1965 to 1990.
We take notice of a secular changes of the multiplier effects, and examine the factor of changing in consideration of the efficiency of inducement to production, the changes of international trade, and the generation efficiency of final demand by investment.

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In this paper, duration models are derived from the utility maximization hypothesis. In so doing, the random marginal utility models are presented to describe the individuals' time allocation behavior. The heterogeneity in individuals' time value assessment is supposed to be the major source of probabilistic distribution of duration time. It is shown that alternative duration models can be derived from different specification of utility functions and distribution functions of time values.

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The behavior of traffic density on plural lanes is analyzed applying hydrodynamic theory. The flow continuity, including an effect of vehicle lane change at a merging point, is derived in a form of a shock wave velocity. This equation is used to analyze a moving bottleneck on a main road caused by congestion spilled from a branching lane. It is shown that shock waves are formed when vehicles change lanes to avoid slower traffic, thus eventually blocking the faster moving lane. A simulation method which uses a concept of quasi-shock waves is applied to draw a traffic density distribution on the time distance space of the road network composed with signal intersections and plural lane links.

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A street blockade was one of the most influential phenomena in Hanshin quake in January 1995 upon the disaster relief activities such as rescue, fire-fighting and relieve-logistics, which was caused mainly by the poor road infrastructure and the fragile houses. This study tried, firstly to review what had happened in several previous quakes and in the previous disaster control programs in terms of the street blockades, secondly to grasp the blockades in Hanshin quake using aerial photographs, thirdly to analyze the major causes of the phenomena, fourthly to grasp the influence on the emergency activities, and finally the authors discussed the desirable urban policies for the future.

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The Fugendake of Unzen Volcano erupted on 17 November 1990. The long-term volcanic eruption rendered severe bad effects on the local economy in commerce and industry and agriculture. The local governments set up the several committees to deliberate the reconstruction plan. Following up on the making the reconstruction and promotion plans, the reconstruction plan in Unzen eruption hazard area are investigated by interviews with local governments and data on the Unzen volcanic disaster.

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The cultural history, the technical transition and the existing states of the Japanese castle's masonry walls (M. W.) were investigated for the purpose of their repairing, maintenance, administration and preservation, a. The modern times' M. W. transition is divided historically by the manufacturing conditions of building stone, the pile-up methods and the slopes. From the latter half of the 16-th century to the first half of the 17-th century, the rapid. construction technical advancement was achieved and most of the M. W. were constructed in this period. The castles from the ancient times' (7-the century) to the middle ages' (16-th century) are scarcely studied. b. By the example of the Kanazawa-castle's M. W. investigation., the ratio of the strangeness of the M. W. were the swelling appearance=21.8%, the extension of tree's root=26.8%, the omission of the stuff packed stone=24.6% etc. This result is similar to the other castle's. c. For the repairing of the M. W., it is important to know its construction period, and we proposed the M. W. construction period judging chart.

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Interrupted traffic due to volcanic disaster of Mt Fugen in Unzen damaged so seriously resident life and economic activities. In this paper, we investigated the cost of emergency counter-plan to roads and railroads, and estimated increase of traffic cost owing to using substitute traffic such as marine transportation and detours. Next, we made clear the influence that interruption of tragic gave upon commuter's activities, by the questionnaire survey.

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This paper deals with application of a new model established by the Kalman filtering theory to the land-cover classification of Landsat TM data. The results compared to existing three classification techniques showed that classification accuracy could be improved in average by using the Kalman filtering model. Furthermore, this model has a considerable advantage in real world application, being not limited by the spatial resolution of remotely sensed data and making it possible to carry out classification when there are many land-cover categories contained in a small area unit having the size of the order of 200m×200m.

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