Weekend trip distribution matrices are indispensable for overall transportation planning process in resort or recreation areas. However, traffic data on weekend are not collected, as compared with that on weekday. In this paper we propose two methods which can estimate a weekend trip distribution matrix from a weekday trip distribution matrix, using weekend traffic counts on screen lines. One model is obtained by method of minimum residual sum of squares, and the other model is obtained by method of maximum simultaneous incidence probability on constraints that obserbed traffic volume on screen lines are identical with estimated traffic volume of estimation. Two models presented here are also compared through practical application to OD survey data on both weekdays and weekend in Keihanshin metropolitan area.

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This paper is devoted to the question of whether drivers can learn rational expectations from repeated observations of traffic conditions in a stationary environment. The learning problem is placed in the context of an iterative adjustment process which achieves equilibrium if drivers have rational expectations. Route choice models with rational expectations find a new justification if these models appear as limits of drivers' learning procedures. This paper investigates whether drivers can learn how to form rational expectations using standard Bayesian estimation techniques. The main result is that even if drivers begin with no knowledge of their environment, there exists an estimation procedure which converges to rational expectations when the environment satisfies a certain regularity conditions. The regularity conditions is shown to be generic.

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In this study we make an experiment on drivers' parking place choice behavior under the fictional situation which is designed carefully based on the observation suveys. This study aims to make it clear that how drivers choose car parking place and what elements have an effect on the choice, and attempts to develop a model on the behabior, which contributes to the parking management in urban areas.

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This paper presents a link reliability estimation method for road network reliability analysis. Link reliability is assumed to be the result of stochastic variations in link flow, and link reliability is defined as the probability that the demand flow on the link does not exceed the link capacity for a given time period. When link flow variation is identified as a probability density function, link reliability can be determined from demand flow and link capacity. Three OD flow variation patterns are introduced and the variance of link flow is analyzed through traffic assignment. Variance estimation model (VEM) of link flow and link reliability estimation method based on VEM are developed. Numerical operations is executed verifying that the method provides sound estimators.

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In this study, a new distribution demand estimation model in the form of combined distribution, modal split and traffic assignment are proposed. The models take into account the traffic modes and types and, the choice rates on each link by all OD traffic volumes are internalized. The O-D trip matrice by different traffic modes can be estimated by solving the proposed model for given traffic link counts and traffic volumes generated from each zone. From the optimal conditions of the proposed model, a distribution demand model is derived. Finally the proposed model is applied to Nagoya metropolitan road traffic network to research the feasibility and efficiency. The comparison of the proposed model with the existing model is also carried. The estimated results show that the proposed model is feasible and the accurate results can be obtained by using this model.

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In this study, a function of parking on streets in central business districts was presented by setting the maximum permitted parking time. With the queing theory applied to parking activities on streets, the value of this function was calculated with the amount of decrease in unnecessary trip, resulting from cars' waiting until the desired parking places become vacant. As a result, permitted parking time of fifteen minutes was proposed as the time necessary to take care of most errands.

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It has been recognized since early 1980's that some of tunnels as well as vertical alignment sags in Japanese motorways tend to be capacity bottlenecks. This paper reports several facts observed at these bottlenecks and presents our hypothesis on the reason and the mechanism of the low capacities. Capacity values which are considerably lower than the usual capacity values of normal sections at the start of congestion, become even lower once the queue forms and further lower as the queue grows longer. This paper suggests that the driver's car following behavior whick determines the capacity seems to relate to the time duration that the drivers have spent in the queue as well as to the light conditions.

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In this Paper, we develop the two kind of models to explain the consumer behavior at the comercial district in a city crnter. The first is the decision-making model which is based on the expected utility criterion, and the utility function is estimated by the conjoint analysis. The second is the excursion behavior model which is based on the nonregular stochastic model. We applied these models to the decision-making of shopping and leisure behavior, and obtaind satisfactory results.

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Land Readjustment projects represent the most conventional and widely-used method in improving urban areas, particularly that about 30% of the areas of DIDs in Japan has been improved utilising this method. The cost of public investment is substantial and the socio-economic impact of this method is far reaching. This paper aims at proposing a method to quantitatively analyse economic effects caused by this type of projects and its validity is examined through the application to recent projects carried out at new urban districts in Osaka Prefecture.

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The awareness of local residents on an expanse of water is discussed in this paper. For this goal a free association test is carried out, in which sudjects are asked to write freely what they associate with “expanse of water”. Cluster analysis is employed to classify both the set of words appeared in the response and that of respondents. A matrix of the frequency of word association by individual respondents is divided into submatrices based on word groups and respondent groups resulting from the cluster analysis. To examine the awareness on an expanse of water the characteristics of some subgroups of the respondents are found by analyzing the matrix and its submatrices.

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The purpose of this paper is to apply the neural network to resource allocation in construction scheduling. It is very difficult to solve the resource allocation using LP and so on. The neural network can calculate the time scheduling and resource allocation simultaneously. The procedure entails that there are different resources with some activities carried out using the same resource.
As a result, we find that the neural network could give the optimal schedule at the shortest possible time.

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The acoustic environmental awareness of residents living in high-rise apartment houses was compared with that in detached houses near the buildings by the frequency analysis and the cluster analysis of free response data. Residents in the high-rise buildings mainly described issues not only on inner sound sources but also on the structure of their buildings. On the other hand, those in the detached houses were much interested in sound sources outside their houses. Moreover, if residents lived on the different floor, their acoustic environmental awareness was not uniform. The higher floor they lived on, the more widespread their acoustic environmental awareness was.

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In this paper we tried to draw a framework and conceputual model about shadow and shade in landscape to give new design vocabularies to urban design works. These subjects are studied by the essay.
We interprete the conceputual meaning of shadows by refering sentences and words in famous essay “Praise of Shadows” written by Jyunichiro TANIZAKI to real traditional space. As a result we can get characteristic shadows such as mild lights filterd by “shoji”, darkness on hollow spaces of traditional room, lights and shades on the sand wall of traditional tearoom and shadows of roofs and eaves.

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The offshore expanding project of the Tokyo International Airport progresses, which will increase its capacity, solve noise problems, and utilize waste disposal areas. A total of nine bridges will be constructed to link the east and the west terminal areas over the metropolitan expressway bay shore route. All those bridges have been designed taking their aesthetic into full consideration on the basis of the design concept of that airport. The design philosophy of facilities in the terminal area, particularly the comprehensive aesthetic design of Central South and North Bridges at the center zone will be focused in this present paper.

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This paper presents the design of the shallow water-table simulating the air pressure transients generated by the high speed trains through tunnels, which get up to 500km/h. The experiments based on the shallow water-table provide insights in to:
—The relations between train speeds, or blockage ratios…the ratios of the cross-sectional area of trains to tunnels…and the maximum values of air pressures;
—The influences of the shapes of tunnel entrances on the alleviations of air pressures.

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There have been many studies about meaning of the word “DOBOKU” but the historical change on the meaning of the word has not yet been clarified enough. The author consulted not only “SHIKI”, “KANJO”, and Tetsuji Morohoshi's DAIKANNWAJITEN, but also diaies, essays, and history books in Japan in order to examine the meaning of “DOBOKU” in China and Japan. This paper clarified the change process of the meaning of the word.

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