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Sokichi Kaji, Tadao Murano, Minoru Sugahara, Kazushi Kato
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
1-4
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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To study the bond strength and confinement friction at the interface between the pile and bedrock, pull-out tests were conducted both in the laboratory and in the field. It was confirmed from these tests that the bond strength and confinement friction obtained from them is larger than the design bond strength and confinement friction set beforehand in reference to the API and other standards. Furthermore, as a method of estimating the pull-out resistance of the pile, a structural analysis of a bar model with non-linear shear springs was devised and applied to the field pullout test case. The results of the analysis showed that the analytical and experimental values agree well with each other, thus indicating the appropriateness of this analysis.
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Shin-ichiro Matsumura, Syunsuke Sakurai, Yoshihiko Nishigaki, Ikuo Kaw ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
5-10
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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The Global Positioning System (GPS), which recently has taken rapid strides, is able to identify the position of a measuring point in 3-dimensional coordinates very accurately, and can be applied to displacement measurements in various types of geotechnical engineering projects, such as landslides, high cut slopes and subsidence due to underground excavation. However, in practice, it is hard to build an on-line surveying network system with many measurement points, because GPS receivers must be used at each measurement point, and as a result, the total cost to build the system becomes very high. In this paper, a new on-line surveying system is introduced. The system has been developed in such a way that several GPS antennas are connected with a GPS receiver through a switch box, and the application of a new surveying system including this apparatus is discussed.
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Nobuo Kubota, Yoshihiro Ishigami, Shinichi Egawa, Masashi Tani, Masaha ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
11-24
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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This paper describes the design, construction and variable mesuraments of earth retaining wall methods using precast SRC struts that were used for the construction of the arriving shaft of the Kawasaki Fairway tunnel at Ukishima. Spacing of struts was made fairly wide and therefore it was necessary to use high loading capacity elements such as precast SRC struts. Also removal of them was not required as they were embedded in part of the structure. As such, the period of construction was shortened markedly.
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Shigehito Kaji, Muneo Nishio, Eiji Chiba, Norikazu Shimizu, Kohei Furu ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
25-35
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Displacements monitoring around portal area is required to detect sliding behavior at slope as well as ground subsidence due to tunnel excavations.
The authors applied the three dimensional surveying system using a high accurate total station to measure ground displacements around a tunnel. It was proven that the system is highly applicable to monitor the stability of portal of tunnel through the practical use.
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Yusuke Honjo
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
37-48
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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A study is made to investigate on the development of soft ground improvement technologies in Chao Phraya Plain where Bangkok is located. In Thailand, quite number of test constructions on sand drain method have been carried out by many domestic and foreign agencies, since early 1970th; however, this method has never been applied to any large scale government projects. On the other hand, prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) method, only started to be introduced to this country in early 1990th, is now quickly popularized, and adopted in the large scale government projects such as the highway constructions and the new international airport land reclamation work. This study focuses on finding out the reasons why the considerable differences have been made in the development of these two ground improvement technologies from the stand point of technology transfer based on interviews to the concerned personnel and literature review.
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Osamu Kiyomiya, Toshiaki Miyagi, Masami Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Kadokura
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
49-57
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Fender is installed at the front of bridge pier to minimize damage by ship collision. In the design of the fender, evaluation of damages of both a ship and the fender is important. Dynamic response analyses by mass-spring model and finite element method considering non-linear properties of materials are carried out to estimate the both damage by ship collision. Computer program of PAM CRASH is adopted for this collision analysis. Calculation results about fender movement, damage of ship and so on between two models show fairly good agreement. However, impact load between them does not show good agreement. In the mass-spring model, details of damage of the ship and the fender can not be pursued. In the finite element method, this methodis very effective for analysis of ship collision process.
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Jiro Inose, Masatake Nishibayashi, Ikuo Fujiki, Yoshitake Hashimoto
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
59-68
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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The “slurry type removal three-centered shield” has been specially developed to cater for excavating a double track railway station space. The shield is formed by attaching outer shield machines to both sides of a larger central shield which is designed to excavate a double track running tunnel between stations. Research and studies were in progress with the objective of solving mechanical and constructional problems. The viability of the three-centered shield machine is much dependent on developing an effective way for removing excavated materials. The study involves model testing of various alternatives in order to determine the most effective system and mechanism of slurry transportation and agitation. The results of the tests will be reflected in the design of the actual machine.
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Toshishige Kisio, Tsuneo Kuzuno, Hajime Takasaki, Toyofumi Ikematsu, M ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
69-84
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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This paper shows the design of the first triple multiface shield tunnel in the world for Osaka Business Park Station, Japan, and measurement during construction. Evaluated in the comparison with in-situ test and analysis, the design method proposed in this study will contribute fornext tunnels.
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Norio Ogata, Hirofumi Andoh, Tetsuo Matsuda, Yoshiro Kobatake, Satoru ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
85-104
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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This paper presents a study carried out for the development of seismic retrofitting technique using carbon fiber for existing reinforced concrete badge piers with longitudinal rebar cut off section. Chap. 2 introduces a newly developed method of seismic retrofitting. Chap. 3 describes the test results on material properties and durability of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and confined effect of wrapping CFRP. Chapters 4 through 6 deal with the design methods of member retrofitted by CFRP. Chap. 4 takes up flexural strength, Chap. 5 shear strength and Chap. 6 bonding strength. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with the bridge pier retrofitted using CFRP. Chap. 7 describes the tests on seismic performance. Chap. 8 proposed design procedure, methods and details.
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Hitoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kamei, Masakatsu Kaneyoshi, Hiroshi Tanaka
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
105-112
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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It is common to reduce the weight of cable-stayed bridges by introducing the optimum pre-stress into their cables. However it is time-consuming procedure by the conventional methods because they need setting up cables' dimension to correspond to the assumptions. The authors propose the very practical and time-saving method to determine optimum pre-stress by using fuzzy sets theory. First the formulation is introduced. Secondly the results of the method are compared with those of the conventional one in the application of the assumptive and existing cable-stayed bridges. Finally the method is applied to the partially anchored cable-stayed bridge. The rational design of cable-stayed bridges may be possible by the proposed method.
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Hiroshi Sogabe, Atsuo Aihara, Kiyoomi Yamada, Satoshi Saito, Yukinori ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
113-122
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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We developed a soil stabilization technology to utilize high water content excavated soft clay and excess slurry resulting from the shield method as back filling materials or base course materials. This technology consists of following processes, mixing the soil slurry with cement slurry, dewatering the mixture with a filter press, and crushing and classifying the stabilized soil in accordance with various uses. This study was carried out to make clear the principle of stabilization mechanism, and also the dewatering characteristics of cement-mixed soil, the strength characteristics of dewatered cakes made from mixed soil, and the other mechanical properties of the granulated cakes in laboratory. These result lead to the conclusion that the stabilized soil can be one of the most useful civil engineering materials for earth work.
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Hiroshi Motoyama, Yujiro Wasa, Makoto Kanai, Kouji Yoshida
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
123-133
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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The lining outer diameter of 14m is specified for undersea tunnels of the Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway by slurry shields which bore through alluvial soft soils and man-made embankment. Therefore, the authors estimated the optimum design loads using theoretical earth pressure based on soil features and FEM, using both elastic and elast-plastic model, as well as studying related field data in the similar geology.
Furthermore, considering the tunnels environment of under-seawater with high water pressure, specified design criteria relating to the achievement of long durability were evolved.
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Shigeru Nishitake, Fumihiko Ishise, Sirou Honmura, Akio Tanaka, Takesh ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
135-143
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Tunneling technology by using TBMs is considered as the high progress construction method for hard rock boring. Getting more efficient, safety and quality, extra-large scale TBM technology shall be established. When the tunneling works are obliged to construct under non-stable face conditions, in order to success tunneling in safe, TBM shall be operated under totally controlled information. This paper shows, the laboratory test and analyzed procedure for the relationship between given and generated loads on TBM's thrust rams control system by adopting parallel link with redundant actuators in order to examine the interaction force between rock and TBMs. The positioning accuracy from the test result is within several mm.
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Tatuji Nakamoto, Hideaki Kikuchi, Kaneyuki Takano, Kohei Furukawa, Koj ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
145-156
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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In this study, an attempt is made to apply the fuzzy set theory to the deterioration diagnosis on the conduct of waterway tunnel of hydroelectric power station. The evaluation process of the conduct of waterway tunnel is regarded as an ambiguous system which is made up of ideas subjected to practical experience of experts. To clarify the system, the fuzzy clustering and the questionnaire surveying the experts are used. Those results show that the experts are separated into two groups, that is, the optimists and pessimists. It is confirmed that the systematic deterioration diagnosis can be made by modifying the differences of these groups.
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Takahiko Ito, Katsumi Sugano, Eiichi Goto
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
157-169
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Cavities inside impermeable asphalt layers produced by blistering and depression of base courses are required to be detected at early stages and remedied. A simple cavity surveying method using a high sensitivity radar and the minimum size of cavities detectable with this radar are examined. Obtained wave forms are processed by computer program for the position and the size deducting those of sound pavement. The minimum detectable size of cavities is found to be 5cm in diameter and 5mm in thickness. This radar system was further applied for inspection of inner cracking of impermeable layer, and detection accuracy of 1mm in width up to 2.5cm in depth from the surface was confirmed.
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Masaharu Katsumata, Kenichi Takiguchi, Hideki Shimizu, Akihiko Yasuda, ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
171-179
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Most of slurry discharged from construction sites is disposed because there is no generally acceptable improving methods. This fact causes to a lot of social problems in environment. Accordingly, authors have developed a new apparatus which dehydrates slurry efficiently and provides improved soil which can be used practically. In this paper, we propose the improving method that uses fine-meshed wire net as a filtration material and uses cement as flocculants, and besides describe the availability of dehydration under vacuum and pressure. Until now, we have found out that this apparatus enables to dehydrate slurry efficiently and provide sludge cake with strength enough to reuse.
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Junichi Hirayama, Mitusige Sakamoto, Tosiya Nakao, Noboru Koga
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
181-190
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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This paper deals with a study of propulsion positioning system of bridge girder carrier barge under a rapid stream, by automatically controling position/propulsion of four thrusters equipped at each corner of a barge. Bridge girder perpendicular construction, in which unit girder block is lifted from a carrier barge and directly constructed by means of lifting beams located at main cables, is a superb method in terms of cost, time and safety. Applying this method at a site of heavy sea traffic under a rapid stream, the presice positioning of carrier barge without anchor cables, which disturb sea traffic, is indispensable.
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Hirofumi Imada, Akifumi Fujiya
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
191-201
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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In order to use thermoplastic materials on expressways it is one of the fundamental problems to apply that materials thinly. We have developed the systems for applying that materials thinly, and investigated the characteristics of the thin road marks.
The obtained results are summarized as follows. (1) We can apply thermoplastic materials in about 0.7mm thick, (2) the durability of thin thermoplastic marks increases by about ten times of paint marks of 0.2mm thick, (3) there is no significant difference between the dynamic skid resistance coefficients on wet surface of thin thermoplastic and paint marks, (4) the total costs of thin thermoplastic marks are less than that of paint marks, and (5) it is realizable to use thermoplastic marks on expressways.
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Shinichiro Imamura, Toshi Nomoto, Teijiro Saito, Katsutoshi Ueno, Nari ...
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
203-213
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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A compact load cell of gate type was newly designed and manufactured, which can be inlaid in a model tunnel for measuring earth pressure on a lining of the shield tunnel in sand. The paper describes its design concept and performance of the load cell in a centrifuge. Applicability of three dimensional elastic FE analysis was also examined and usefulness of the FE analysis was confirmed for studying factors affecting on strain, such as frictional force and eccentric loading. Non-linearity and hysterisis characteristics of calibration curves were investigated, from which a relationship between diameter of deflecting membrane of the load cell and deflection was deduced to evaluate required rigidity for a certain stress range. Importance of lubrication on side walls of calibration chamber was also demonstrated.
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Satoji Oshita, Atsushi Hagiwara
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
215-225
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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Many of main members of the long-span suspension bridges are determined by the wind loads, so the out-of-plane analysis is growing important for its design. We usually analyze the suspension bridge being subjected to the lateral load by the three dimensional frame model. But this method has some problems that the three dimensional analysis makes necessary much labor or the thin-walled beam theory in case of using the fish-bone-model.
This paper proposes the out-of-plane analysis using plane model for the suspension bridge. Particularly in this paper, the new stiffness matrix is presented for the modeling of the cable and hanger. And the validity of the proposed method is shown by the comparison between this method and the three dimensional analysis.
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Chikara Miyashita, Harukazu Ohashi, Hisato Kato, Michiaki Takao
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
227-239
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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The use of a floating crane barge for the construction of bridges built over the straits has many advantages such as being time-saving, economical, higher quality, and safety assurance. In this construction method the prefabricated girders are hoisted by the floating crane and installed on the designated place. Because this operation requires a very accurate positioning, oscillation of the floating crane due to long-period waves is critical element. This paper analyzed a fundamental characteristics of the oscillation of floating crane and coupled motion of a hoisted girder. The oscillation amplitudes of the observation and numerical analysis are compared. Finally, some weather downtime analysis of floating crane works are carried out at different sea conditions at an inland sea and at an open sea.
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Yoshiyuki Momiyama, Hiroshi Ootomo, Minoru Handa, Hideaki Gomi
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
241-250
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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The purpose of this study is to investigate bond mechanism of steel fiber reinforced ultra hardening concrete. Bond strength of steel fiber reinforced ultra rapid hardening concrete is influenced by quality of foundation concrete, that is to say the higher compressive strength of foundation concrete, the higher bond strength is. And bond strength decreases with slump down of ultra rapid hardening concrete. This is related to producing time and volume of etringite. This is related to product time and volume of etringite.
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Hiroshi Isohata, Yoshio Hanzawa
1996Volume 1996Issue 540 Pages
251-261
Published: June 20, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
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With the opening of the country brought about by the Meiji Restoration (1868), modern bridge building in Japan got off to start with a full assimilation of Western technology. With a comparison of bridge-related technologies between Japan and other nations forming a contextual background, we examine in this paper the history of the establishment of bridge technologies - - or, more specifically, bridge erection technologies - - in modern (post-1868) Japan.
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