In the history of transportation planning transportation measures as psychological solutions have not been applied. The psychological solution is a solution of transportation problems by means of behavior modification and attitude modification into socially desirable behavior and attitude. In this paper, practical techniques to induce peoples' modification of attitude and behavior were comprehensively discussed, and past studies associated with modification of travel behavior and attitude were then reviewed The objective of this paper is to clarify the research issues that should be done in the future. Then, it was insisted that collaboration among researchers to understand behavior and psychology is essential for the transportation planning based on attitude and behavior modification.

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In this study, we defined Travel Feedback Program (TFP) as a measure of psychological solution for Travel Demand Management (TDM), and classified existing methods depending on the technical differences of communication. The existing TFP methods are classified two types, a one is to provide people with advices of travel behavior depends on their strength of intention to change the travel mode and the other is to provide people with individualized advices of their travel behavior. We reviewed past studies of TFP according to this classification, and suggest the new direction to develop more effective psychological solution for TDM.

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Illegal on-street parking behavior is one typical example of social dilemma. In this study, the driver's parking location choice behavior between illegal on-street and off-street parking is analyzed. First, the driver's perception that illegal on-street parking problem is a social dilemma issue is examined. Then, two latent determinants, attitudes toward convenience and law-abiding are assumed and tested by covariance structure analysis. Finally, parking location choice models are estimated for two groups divided by these latent variables. The results show the promotion of law-abiding attitude is important for solving illegal on-street parking problem.

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In this study, we try to examine whether or not people's auto use is actually reduced by making an appeal to reduce auto use. We made an appeal to two kinds of test subjects, students and non-student people such as office workers and housewives, to reduce auto use, and carry out panel surveys. The results of statistical tests indicate that there is a tendency that non-student people reduce auto use. Especially, the housewife subjects significantly reduced auto use. However, the student subjects did not reduce auto use. The subjects were divided into the two groups, the subjects whose environmental attitude is originally high and the subjects whose environmental attitude is originally low. It is founded that the low attitude group improve the environmental attitude and reduce auto use over the high attitude group.

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This paper aimes to analyze the route switching behavior for contributing to the improvement of a regional environment by persuasive communication. The field of the experiment is a Hanshin-area, and the target is drivers who use the Kobe-line of Hanshin Expressway. We tried to implement some types of persuasive communication, and test the effects of the communication on psychological factors and route choice behavior. As a result of data analysis, we fined that the behavioral intention to implement socially-desirable-route-choice behavior was activated due to persuasive communication and that the communication modified actual route choice behaviors.

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In a local city, most of bus non-users do not recognize bus service as a travel mode that can be used because of a deficiency of information. Therefore, a psychological strategy which gets them to have concem for underestimated bus service is important for activation of bus service. In this study, “bus use monitor experiment” was carried out, and the changes of concem and evaluation for bus service were investigated. Then, the effect of monitor experience to attitude and behavioral modification of bus non-users were examined in a consciousness level.

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We focus on the case of Kyoto downtown loop bus system, so-called “100-yen Bus, ” that has recorded a significant increase in ridership after some trial level-of-service improvements. As the level of services was almost identical before and after the trial, it can be considered that citizen's activities had played an important role in the ridership increase. Notable phenomena include: the citizens noticed the problem of dwindling ridership and profitability of public transportation is not the operator's problem but their own problem, and they noticed that public transportation must be considered as one of the most essential elements when planning their town's future. Those effects that we show in this paper are important examples displaying the roles of citizen's activities in the ridership increase of urban public transportation.

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The purpose of this research is to explain the influence of the procedure simplification of TFP (Travel Feedback Program) on attitude and behavior modification. In the TFP which was put into practice behavioral plans based on the diary data for one week were made. We compare the influence of the behavioral plan from one week data with one day data. In a field experiment (N=106) users of private automobiles in Osaka city monitored their travel behavior and psychological factors. Effects on travel behavior on weekdays and attitudes turned out to be presence. Therefore, it became clear that appling diary data collected in PT survey data to TFP is effective in the reduction of car use.

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This paper reports on research examining the effects of educating 17-18 year olds about the financial costs associated with different kinds of travel behaviour. Results suggest that with only a minimal educational intervention, significant changes in attitude can be achieved, relating to the desirability of car ownership and use, and the attractiveness of owning a more environmentally-friendly vehicle. This paper discusses the theoretical rationale for making this type of educational intervention with this age group, the detailed results of the experiment, and plans for future work.

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In this paper, a relationship between control efficiency and frequency switching control pattern according to traffic fluctuation on coordinated signal system based on pattern selection was studied. The switching policy was optimized by using DP, and total delay as a criterion was evaluated through time-scanning simulation. From some computational examples, it was found that switching control to be responsive to traffic demand improve control efficiency. However, it was also found that avoidance of excessive switching was better except for remarkable traffic fluctuation because a reverse effect was recognized by the excessiveness.

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This paper describes a continuous estimation method of capacity on a basic motorway section, which authors developed, and examination of the validity of the estimate. Until now, capacity observations were mainly carried out using video cameras at the fixed points and vehicle detectors installed in lanes of a motorway section. In this paper, a new observation method, which complemented the demerit of these conventional observation methods, was developed. Then, the capacity was estimated from the data that obtained the running car experiment on an actual motorway, and the validity of the estimate by this technique was examined. The estimates have enough accuracy in practical use of motorway management and constructing countermeasure plans for traffic congestion.

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This paper aims to suggest the subjective evaluation method of streetscape. We could show the method to select the subjects that have a keen sensitivity of landscape and the synthetic evaluation of streetscape in the case of streetscape of Morioka. In this paper, the Lateral Eye Movement of subjects have measured by using adjective pair “good-bad” and “like-dislike” as a index of the evaluation of streetscape. It could be concluded as follows; (1) The difference of laterality of hemispheric functional of subject was found by clarifying the relation between electroencephalography and eye movement. (2) We could suggest the method to select have a keen sensitivity of landscape. (3) The evaluation of streetscape was clarified by rational evaluation and sensitivity evaluation.

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Game theory has been a useful tool to analyze the phenomena with interactive human behaviors. To use a game theory, we have to give the payoff for all players. It must be useful if we can estimate the player's payoff function from observed behavioral data, like as discrete choice model, which estimates the users' utility function from their observed behavior. This paper develops a model to identify the players' payoff function by using their observed behavioral data and the surrounding conditions which influence their choices.

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Traffic flow surveillance for traffic control and transportation planning requires fixed-point continuous observation of exact vehicle movements. The high altitude platforms have a great potential with vehicle maneuvers observation. In this article, we develop a vehicle maneuvers recognition technique with sequential images from high altitude platforms. We exploit spatio-temporal clustering method. Employing the two features, that are background subtraction value and optical flow, the pixels that are adjacent and have similar features are grouped. Through some applications to real sequential images from a helicopter, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed.

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This paper estimates the total quantities of world container cargo flow carried by large alliances and the slot utilizations of main routes of large alliances by developing the existing model that connects the total quantity of container cargo and the ship movement. At first, the accuracies of input data are raised. Second, the model was developed to estimate the total quantities of world loaded container cargo flow, and to handle the data of large alliances. As the result, the total container cargo quantities carried by large alliances are calculated. Furthermore the high accuracy of the model is confirmed by comparing with PIERS data. Finally, the slot utilizations of world main routes of large alliances are estimated.

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In this paper, an evaluation methodology of projects is presented, which explicitly incorporates interactions bewteen preevaluation and reevaluation. The benefits of reevaluation is to reduce the irrevesibility issues caused by the projects. The benefits of revising the foregoing decision making given the additional information which can be obtained as time goes by can be formulated as two types of real options: exiting options and timing options. The real option theory provides the basic scheme to integrate the evaluation results obtained in deferent points in time.

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Author developed the mathematical model to minimize transportation cost between harbors, using the linear programming. This model enables us to study the change of the transportation cost based on the condition of facilities. But when the scale of the transportation grows, the total combination case becomes rapidly huge, and the calculation becomes impossible substantially. Then, in this research, the internal variables concerning transship combination were introduced and the formulation was attempted to save calculation. Finally the introduction effect was tested through a simple harbor network.

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Based on the idea that people can allocate their time on the weekend to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, this paper proposes a combined modeling of time allocation and marginal activity choice in order to estimate the value of activity time on weekends. Time allocation model and marginal activity choice model are derived under time- and budget-constraints and the time value for each activity can be calculated. Using artificial time use data obtained from Monte Carlo experiments, proposed two methods of estimating unknown parameters, simultaneous estimation method and two-step estimation method, are verified and compared with regard to the precision of data and the number of samples. Finally, the value of activity time and its confidence interval are calculated.

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This study aims to clear the influence of image and to clear the influence of disclosure on attitude formation. A psychological experiment on the Web was performed for those objectives. As the result, the following findings were obtained. 1) Most of urban residents have negative image for public works. 2) The image of public works is not an important factor of the attitude formation. 3) In case of a project with high benefit, disclosure brings attitude change from negative to positive against the project. 4) In the attitude formation process, disclosure is important more than trust. 5) It has showed that disclosure would have trust building effect.

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