This paper provides with a state-of-the-arts review on behavior models with bounded rationality. The rationality underlying the Bayesian learning models is critically investigated, and a leaning model with bounded rationality is presented as an alternative formulation. By comparing the structures of the models, the roles and objectives of the bounded rational behavior modeling are investigated. The paper concludes by summarizing the authors' perspectives and remaining research issues for further development of bounded rational behavior modeling.

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For a rational infrastructure planning, understanding of invariants of human behavior is indispensable. With this recognition, this paper reviews psychological behavioral theories which describe invariants of human behavior, then discusses how these theories can contribute to a rational infrastructure planning. The paper concludes that theoretical positivism, research on behavioral modification, research on procedural justice and trust, are necessary for a rational planning. The paper also concludes that an attitude-modification planning which tries to modify people's attitude toward cooperative behavior from negative to positive by virtue of evoking their intrinsic public spirits is called for, instead of a attitude-based planning.

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Many approaches aim to estimate the overall transport condition with formulation of individual travel behaviour with rational assumption. Recently, the complex system has been proposed recently with contrasting to the reductionism. Soft computing and AI (Artificial Intelligence) approaches are introduced as computer technologies with use of human knowledge in the study. Since both approaches aim to create the decision system in the computer with human knowledge from the observation of the real phenomena, they can be called as “Intelligent Information Processing”. Several applicable approaches to travel behaviour modelling in Intelligent Information Processing are introduced and their advantages are summarized. Finally, the applicability of behaviour simulation with Artificial Life approach to describe the phenomena of emergence is referred.

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The aim of this paper is to show some perspectives of behavioral modeling in infrastructure planning from the viewpoint of the observer. We pick up the following three topics. Firstly, we interpret model building and identification as an inverse problem and clarify the methodology of representative behavior modeling. Secondly, value of information in welfare terms is defined and we investigate the fundamental principles of survey design. Thirdly, the logical and ethical problems, which may happen in evaluating the policies based on revealed preference of agencies, are introduced.

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This research object is experimental schemes of transport planning field, which have been practiced often these days. We evaluate those schemes through the regional initiative planning approach that the local people and enterprises or administrations propose the area plan, as well as investigate the role of non-administrative organizations, which is not belong to the administrative power nor in pursuit of profit. Consequently, the regional initiative approach is found its effectiveness on experimental schemes, and non-administrative organizations should be concerned to the town planning, also their proposals will be also needed in our country from now on.

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The tenet of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on empirical investigation of the productivity of infrastructure and its impacts upon economic growth. Among others, the review covers literature on macro production functions, cost (profit) functions, VAR models, and recent controversies about economic growth convergence (divergence). The paper also summarizes the issues unsolved in the existing literature and subjects left for future research.

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The contracts for public construction projects can fall into that category of incomplete contracts, which are most typically characterized by the indescribability of unforseen contingencies. The paper provides with a theoretical explanation of how the Japanese construction contract forms can implement socially optimal construction works as far as the moral codes can regulate the behaviors of those who are involved in the construction contracts. The paper also shows that the social efficiency of construction contracts can not be sustained any longer once the moral-hazard-free conditions are violated, and presents the alternative contract scheme that can conquer moral hazard issues.

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The “Community Zone” project was established to restrain the automobile speeds in a residential zone in order to reduce the through traffic and to improve the road safety. The main measures of this project were to make physical improvements for all the applicable streets and set 30km/h speed limit in the zone. In this paper we evaluated the “Community Zone” project as considering the deference of improvement level of residential zones by using the Covariance Structure Analysis and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) that developed in the filed environment economics. We clarified the effects of “Community Zone” as an environmental improvement policy from the results of these analyses.

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In this study, a data set for validating traffic simulation models was constructed. A plate-number-matching survey was conducted in an area between Kichijoji- and Mitaka-Station that were located in the west part of Tokyo. Observation errors in the survey data were corrected in order to estimate trajectories of vehicles. Hourly origin-destination tables were estimated by enlarging the aggregated trajectories. The date set that is applicable to most traffic simulation models in terms of data format is available on the Internet by the name of Kichijoji Benchmark Data Set.

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This study attempts to investigate household decisions on vehicle usage, mode choice and trip chaining in developing countries using a multi-level nested logit (NL) model. The nesting structure represents the choices of vehicle usage, vehicle selection and mode selection for two-traveler households. Household serving chain is entered as one of the mode-choice options in the developed NL model and attributes relating to the household travel are explicitly incorporated in the analysis. A congestion reduction policy considering a “push and pull” concept is also conducted using the estimated NL model. The model and the policies are verified using the data from Bangkok Metropolitan Region.

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It is a difficult task to automatically extract contour lines from a raster image topographic map and give each contour line its inherent elevation. In this paper, the authors propose an automatic contour line extraction algorithm based on the continuity among the contour lines. All of the points on a contour line indicate the same elevation, the difference of elevations between every neighboring contour line is constant, and most wide contour lines have numeral arrays pointing out their inherent elevations. By employing the information of these features, the shapes and elevations of contour lines can be extracted and recognized. Usefulness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with several practical maps.

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