In Britain as in Japan, decision-making in the field of public planning poses challenges which are as much political as technical. This paper begins by analysing the difficulties that arise in situations where planners, engineers, admisintrators, politicians and others must work together to make interrelated decisions in the face of uncertainty. It then describes how these difficulties are addressed in a collaborative approach known as SCA—standing for Strategic Choice Approach.
In this approach, people with different perspectives to offer meet to work intensively together in informal group “workshops”, which are organised in a structured yet flexible way under the guidance of an experienced facilitator.
In this process, flip charts are arranged around the walls of the room, and a range of graphical methods are used to help the group to agree on a shared view of the nature of the decisions which they face; the linkages among these; the range of possible strategies for moving forward; and their differing impacts on the various interests which will be affected.
One of the main distinctive features of this approach is that it enables people to manage uncertainty in a strategic way, and to make steady progress towards agreement on the actions to be taken, both in the shorter and the longer term. Recently, computer software has been developed in order to make the same principles of incremental planning more accessible to individuals and to small groups of colleagues meeting in their own work-places in their own time.
The paper ends with some discussion of the relationship of this approach to other planning methods, and the prospects for further development and wider application in the urban and transportation planning field.

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Disaggregate behavioral travel demand models are usually estimated from revealed preference (RP) or stated preference (SP) data. RP and SP data have complementary characteristics: RP data are more reliable and SP data are more flexible. The authors have developed combined estimation methods for discrete choice models from RP and SP data to enhance advantages of the two types of data. This paper develops the RP/SP combined estimation methodology that explicitly considers state dependence and serial correlation between RP and SP. Two case studies of mode choice analysis shows effectiveness of the proposed methods.

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In this paper, the authors proposed the precise prediction model for noise due to platoons starting from a signalized intersection, where the intensity of truck is high. In this model, we can consider the effects of the performance of the engine, load, gradient of road, vehicle operations desired by drivers and the characteristics of sound propagation to the surroundings. And a field measurement was made at a signalized intersection with two-lane straight way in flat site. This validation study has indicated that the presented way of calculation produces the small difference between the mean values of calculated and measured L₅₀ over all cases though some difference arises in each case.

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Asphalt pavement rutting are found markedly at signalized intersection aproaches on heavy traffic streets. It is known that main cause of the rutting is the long time track loading due to the decleration and stopping. From this fact, we quantified the relation between rut depths and cumulative track loading times of heavy vehicles, and develop the easy surveying of the loading times to predict the rut depths by researching a traffic delays and running times. On the basis of these results, this paper discusses the maintenance and rehabilitation planning system which is subject to the rutting.

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The aim of this study is to develop a dynamic model which can explain regional structural changes. The concept of market disequilibrium is introduced to formulate ongoing changes. New location or withdrawing of industrial activities can be explained as a reaction to commodity market disequilibrium, while inhabitants, migration is captured as a reaction to labor market disequilibrium. Empirical study on Konan-Region in Shiga Prefecture is accomplished using the regional disequilibrium simulation model. Effects of infrastructure development alternatives, such as road networks, industrial parks and infrastructure for daily life, are estimated by simulation experiments.

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This paper discusses the relation between the changes of Input-Output structure and the improvement of transportation facilities. The fuzzy structural modeling method is applied for structuring of interindustry transaction. The maximum value of the input coefficient and output coefficient of Input-Output Tables are used for this purpose. The rate of intraregion trade plays a great role to identify the changes of interregional interdependence of industries. The relation between the changes of Input-Output structure and the improvements of transportation facilities, suchas expressway, are discussed by comparing the Input-Output structure before and after these projects.

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Recently, the social capital is discussed not only from the viewpoint of “flow” but also from that of “stock”. But the investigation from the former may be said to be studied not on each social capital but on the whole concept of social capital.
In this paper, we analyze the transition of investment to Japanese ports and its future tendency as social capital including private one from the viewpoint of stock level.
As the result, we indicate the new concept “the capital stock of port” and discuss on the case study to Port of Nagoya is discussed.

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This paper shows the importance of city planning based on systems analysis and discusses the technical measures for its realization, in particular, from the viewpoint of the utilization of geographical information system (GIS). From the status quo of applications of GIS in city planning, it is emphasized that the development of more comprehensive planning system integrated with GIS is inevitably required, and that the consistent and logical framework for the system structure should be developed. The policy of system development in this study is the optimization to planning goals. The major works in city planning are rearranged into concrete processes acording to the practical optimization processes: the search, evaluation and improvement of solutions. The applicabilities of technologies such as mathematical programming, knowledge-base, and CAD to each process are examined. The practical examples of computer systems for 1) evaluation of residential environment, 2) zoning plan and 3) land readjustment design are shown.

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We take many photographs in our construction sites. After that, we often want to know the relative sizes, shapes and configulations of photographed objects by use of the single photograph only. It can be realized by rectifying the photograph if the objects are on a plane and sufficient control points exist. On the contorary, the rectifying problem under insufficient conditions are treated in this paper. The photographed objects are, usually, artificial structures and contain many useful informations for orientation, such as parallel or perpendicular lines and bodies with equal length. We use these informations and determine orientation parameters of the single photograph, stepwise. ω and φ are determined at first, and then κ, and the scale and position of the photograph at last. The photograph rectified by ω and φ rotation is useful for understanding the object as to shapes, configulations, etc. Moreover, there is no limitation in ω and φ rectification if the photograph is a digital image. The proposed method can be applied to various photographs and provides us with useful informations on the objects.

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This technical note proposes a method for quasi-dynamic traffic assignment on the basis of the commuters' departure time choice model responding to en-route traffic congestion, which has been previously proposed. The proposed method uses supernetworks spaced corresponding to the departure time selection. The proposed method is based on the structure of the departure time choise model and it provides a basis for calculating quasi-dynamic traffic assignments under various situations.

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