In the Kobe Earthquake 1995, earthquake fire caused serious damages. It showed the importance of keeping fail safe with utilization of natural water supplying potential in each region. In this research, management methods in each process (cause of development, planning, implementation, and maintenance management) of the six project examples which have realized natural water supplying systems for fire fighting was shown and assembled. The concept of “Environmental Water Supply System (E. W. S. S) for Earthquake Fire Prevention” is not only for emergency situation, but also for everyday life. The 16 criteria for evaluation as ideal E. W. S. S. were defined, 6 examples were estimated with them, and the guideline towards realization of ideal “E. W. S. S” was shown.

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In this paper, the role and basic idea of infrastructure accoucnting for infrastructure management is discussed. Infrastructure accounting plays the basic roles for accountability management, efficient resource allocation, asset management, and economic statistics building. The paper discusses the relvant schemes for asset evaluation and accounting, the procedures for account making, and illustrates the application examples of infrastructure accounting. To establish infrastructure accounting systems, multidisciplinary approaches from accounting theory, private and public administrative theory, economics should be coordinated with aids of practical experiments in the real worlds. The paper is concluded by summarizing research issues, including accountability, auditing, et al., which are reserved for future investigation.

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The number of twin-bored tunnels has been increasing despite a lack of established design methods. In particular, the mechanism of stress concentration to center pillar caused by the excavation of tunnels is not obvious yet. Therefore, few study of stress condition of center pillar has been carried out so far. In this report, the design procedure of center pillar proposed in past times has been modified based on the results of in situ measurements and analysis using finite element methods. In addition the design procedure of reinforced center pillar has been introduced.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain the fundamental data for rational support system of the large-scale tunnel. Especially, the field test with new materials was carried out for obtaining the support effect of each member. This paper presents the measurement data and knowledge from the field test in order to contribute the future execution for large-scale tunnel. As the test results, the system with the high strength rock bolt and high strength fiber reinforced shotcrete could sufficiently support with excavating velocity of 2m/day.

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Pipe heating system using natural energy is an effective method for snow melting and anti-freezing on the road. Although previous studies on the pipe heating have been made on the snow melting properties, little attention has given to structural properties. Especially, to know the influence of embedded pipe on the structural behavior of concrete slab is very important for its rational design. Thus, the compressive and flexural strength tests using elemental models were conducted in order to obtain the fundamental properties of concrete with heating pipe. This paper presents the experimental results and discussions for structural design of concrete slab for pipe heating.

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This paper focuses on a data management architecture that facilitates data sharing and reusing. The architecture mainly consists of three components: an inspection support system that facilitates data acquisition performed by field inspectors, Bridge Markup Language (BridgeML), and a knowledge management application. Two versions of BridgeML specifications and a prototype application enabling a multi-modal access BMS has been developed. A knowledge management application has been developed in order to maintain useful information as a knowledge base and to discover meaningful patterns and rules through the process of exploration and analysis of large BMS data.

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The existing automation system of dredging operation for trailing suction hopper dredger gives only sequential control or constant control and as a result the volume of dredged soil is not as much as what is achieved by manual operation. Therefore, the study on the more advanced automatic dredging system using fuzzy control has been carried out to improve dredging production. This paper describes the application of fuzzy control to the basic elements of dredging operation--ship's speed, revolution of dredging pump etc. -- and installation of light soil-water mixture recycling system and its fuzzy control and the result of experimental dredging trial.

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This paper proposes an irregularity detecting monitoring system of gravity dam related with a monitoring data of leakage by using the multi-patterns differentiating neural network system. The proposed system predicts the leakage amount with respect to the water level of dam, precipitation, temperature of water, air and leakage water every day. The difference between the prediction and the observation of leakage notices an irregularity of the dam. The real observation data used herein contains an irregularity induced by giving an artificial noise. The neural network system detects this irregularity much better than the multi-regression system. The proposed system detects it better than conventional neural network system, because the observed data includes multi-patterns relationship between input and output data.

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