The paper clarifies the problems on urban goods movements and the neccesity of execution of cooperation system between shippers and carriers.
Because of the difficulty of constructing enough on-road or off-road truck loading facilities, some means to reduce the volume of loading activities are neccesary. The study shows that a cooperation system between shippers and carriers has an effect of reducing the traffic flow as well as the volume of on-road loading activities, and the cost of goods movements, comparing the case where every shipper has to construct truck loading facilities by themselves.

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In many cases, an input-output framework constitutes an essential segment in a metropolitan simulation model. As the study area of such a model tends to be relatively small, it is usually difficult to obtain the input-output table of its own. This study is aimed at proposing a nonsurvey technique to modify the input coefficients and unit converters for final demand items to meet the demand-supply structures of the area from a table compiled for a larger area. The method combines the RAS and Fratar techniques to modify both coefficients jointly. Despite its simplicity that it disregards the differences in the value added inputs, it could significantly improve the product projection when applied to the Tokyo metropolitan area. In addition, a simple calculation procedure to obtain commodity-based inflaters which are required to evaluate products in real terms is also presented.

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Estimation of an origin-destination trip table based on observed link volumes in a network is studied, using traffic equilibrium method. The idea of link shadow cost is introduced, that is capable to be measured merely through the results of traffic behaviour of trip makers. The demand model is that the origin-destination trip depends on the average shadow cost between origin and destination. Then the problem is whether trip matrices exist that satisfy the demand function and reproduce observed link volumes. The existence and the uniqueness of the equilibrium solution for the problem are cleared through Brouwer's fixed point theorem. A numerical solution method is proposed using the above proof process. A computing example is shown, that makes clear the convergence and the preciseness of the solution.

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In order to adjust a trilateration net, we used to apply the method by observation equations more frequently compared with the method by condition equations. The main reason is that the more complex a trilateration net is, the more difficult the formation of condition equations is. It is evident that finding and describing the condition equations which are necessary and sufficient for a given problem are not easy. But it is also true that the adjustment by condition equations has some merits described as follows. A gross error or a mistake can be found out by checking an error of closure in a condition equation at an early stage. The number of normal equations to be solved is generally small, and so the adjustment computation is carried out by a personal computer. The purposes of this paper are as follows. 1. To propose a method which will enable us to describe the condition equations by the use of simple rules for applying the adjustment by condition equations to complicated trilateration nets. 2. To describe linearized formulae of the condition equations. 3. To show a systematic computation work for obtaining cofactor (or variance-covariance) matrices of angles, directions of sides and coordinates of stations. 4. To show the characteristics of errors in several typical trilateration chains by investigating the cofactors (or variances). 5. To present some useful data for making a plan of the observation for practical trilateration chains.

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This paper deals with traffic characteristics and delay at urban railroad crossings. It is well recognized that railroad crossings in urban area are one of the bottlenecks for urban traffic. In peak hours, trains are passed much higher than other day and night time. Then severe congestion of road traffic are caused at every railroad crossings in urban area in Japan.
Traffic characteristics, including starting headway, capacity and passengercar equivalence, however, have not been clarified.
The purposes of this paper are to clarify saturation flow rate and capacity, passengercar equivalence, and to formulate delay of road traffic flows at railroad crossings.

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In this study, an operational model for analyzing the impact of a redevelopment project which aims to revitalize an obsolete commercial core is proposed. Our model consists of three sub-models. A multinomial logit model describes the behavior of a consumer, and it is utilized to estimate the retailer's profit. A new type of retail location model is developed, which deals explicitly with the consumer-retailer interactions in a setting of a non-cooperative Nash-Stackelberg competition and the resulting spatial equilibria can be formulated as a fixed point problem. A financial feasibility of the project can be checked by a sub-model of the public authority. A case study dealing with the Senshu Area of Osaka prefecture illustrates how our model can work to find the best redevelopment policy for the commercial cores, which can maximize the consumer's surplus, guaranteeing the sound profitability of the retailers and the financial feasibility of the public authority.

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In case that port facilities are damaged by earthquake, their functional disorder have a bigger influence on various economic activities than roads because the former have higher and longer restoration cost and period than the latter.
Since very few previous studies had paid attention to those impacts, however, this paper proposes a method to estimate the earthquake damage costs of port facilities by defining them as the total amount of restoration costs of the damaged port facilities and the additional physical distribution costs due to the disorder of port facilities, for which the estimation techniques can be summarized as follows:
1) In order to estimate restoration cost and period of a berth, this paper applies a reggression analysis on the past experiences of various ports in Japan.
2) For estimating the damage cost in terms of physical distribution function of the port facilities, this paper builds a model of operations research type for the ships and cargos in the port.
3) By applying those models to a port, this paper checks the applicability of our model, and proposes a feasibility study technique of the anti-earthquake berth.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop a general model of benefit-allocation in land readjustment project. Benefit-allocation models are called replotting design methods in the project. An approach to develop the model is to formulate some described ideas on benefit-allocation of the project. This approach not only gives the general model but also suggests conditions in applying models.

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In many theoritical and empirical researchs, a modified BPR type link performance function which was developed in Holland is used in traffic assignment procedures. As this kind of function appears a relation between average travel time and traffic volume per hour, it is not available to use it directly in assignning an entire day's traffic volume to road network.
In this paper, we theoritically introduce a BPR type link performance function for use in traffic assignment for an entire day and suggest some methods to estimate its functional form on the assumption that travel time of each car running per hour is stochastic variable. Next, we propose a method to practically establish it to each link of real road network. Finally, we verify the applicability of this link performance function by accuracy analysis of network flows and trip time using traffic equilibrium assignment versus servay data.

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This paper presents a stochastic network equilibrium model with elastic demand and an efficient algorithm for solving it. The model, which is consistent with both random utility theory and network equilibrium theory, is formulated using nested logit model. It is reformulated as an equivalent convex programming problem. After the derivation of the dual problem, these two are compared. Though it is held that stochastic network equilibrium model family is difficult to solve due to path flow (or cost) variables in the objective functions, we show that subgradient algorithm can be adopted to solve the dual problem. The method for calculating path choice entropy without path enumeration is developed and incorporated in the subgradient algorithm.

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This report describes the development of a simulation model which simulates the traffic flow through an expressway tunnel in order to investigate countermeasures for the traffic congestion due to the limited capacity of the tunnel. The model was developed based on the results of traffic survey conducted through the Tennozan Tunnel of The Meishin Expressway in 1985 using television cameras instahled in the tunnel for the traffic surveillance. The model was a Monte Carlo type simulation model which compute the movement of all the vehicles generated at the upstream starting point of the simulation section. The car following theory is used in the computation process when gaps between running vehicles are reduced beyond certain limit. The calibrated model was used to evaluate several countermeasures for the traffic congestion.

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