The main purpose of this paper is to identify the terminal handling cost structure. In particular, its aim is to investigate whether the Activity Based Costing (ABC) approach offers a better perspective for assessing and allocating the costs of freight terminals. In this framework, our objective is also to learn about the sales performance of mainly large container terminals. The specific problem addressed here is as follows: To what extent is the Activity Based Costing approach useful for terminal operators in order to be able to charge its customers a fair and cost-oriented price? The activities performed at an intermodal freight terminal -the topic of this paper- are focussed on handling (loading, discharging, and transhipping) and storage of containerised cargo. Supportive activities (e. g. administration, customs) are taken into account as well. The conclusion of this paper is that Activity Based Costing is a useful tool for both terminal operators and customers to provide more insight into terminal resource use: cost dividing and price charging can be executed more appropriately. Clearly, besides the terminal handling costs, other factors influence the price charged per container.

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[in Japanese]

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Mode choice model explicitly considering travel time reliability is developed. This model quantifies travelers' attitudes towards travel time fluctuation as well as average travel time. Discrete choice model is estimated using survey data of new town commuters' decision making, which is drastically changed after major transportation closure.
First, this paper discusses the background of the research. Second, the significance of reliability of transportation systems is presented in chapter 2 where a state-of-the-art is briefly shown. Chapter 3 describes the case study area and the incident which caused the major transportation service halt. In chapter 4 and 5, mode choice model for assessing travel time reliability is proposed, after several models are tested using the actual data for normal period. Finally, change in mode choice behavior before and after the temporal closure of major transportation service is presented. The commuters' attitude towards travel time reliability is discussed for normal and abnormal periods.

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This paper focuses on a method for determining the optimal location and size of freight transportation complexes. The effects of them are measured by three factors of transportation cost, travel time cost and the CO₂ emissions and three objective functions are defined using them. Those three objective functions are, however, mutually conflicted. Based on multiobjective programming method, vector evaluated genetic algorithms (VEGA) are applied to obtain Pareto optimal solutions which correspond to the alternative location plans of the freight transportation complexes. A set of Pareto optimal solutions are searched successfully by improving the genetic operators of VEGA.

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The agreements in the Uruguay Round talks demand Japan to liberalize her agriculture trade in several phases. They will lead to the structural reform in agriculture production, and affect the metropolitan land use. In the context of typical Alonso type model, agricultural land is regarded as the source to provide land for urban uses, and its role to supply foods to city residents is rarely considered. In this paper, we extended the Alonso's framework to incorporate the production and consumption behaviors of farmers, where both manufacture and agricultural goods are tradable. As our model deals with a metropolitan area comprising urban and agricultural lands, we can analyze how trade liberalization affects the metropolitan land use. It is shown that, (i) the proportion of farmer households will be decreased, (ii) conversion of agricultural land to residential one will be promoted, but (iii) the metropolitan GDP may either be increasedd or decreased.

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Edo had well-woven urban structures composing of waterways and streets. These structural complexities have interested researchers for a long time. The purpose of the study was to understand the principles of design in the residential areas of Edo which had not been fully understood. In the study, using modern surveying maps, the sizes of the blocks and the angles of the crossing streets were measured and analyzed, considering the effect of topography. The authors estimated and certified the formation of the urban structure in each residential area, and the method in which the blocks were arranged concerning main streets and waterways.

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The purpose of this paper was to simulate the condition of street blockages caused by great earthquake. In this paper, the condition was estimated by earthquake intensity and street width in the proposed model. The calculated result of proposed model was almost the same as the condition which had been surveyed at previous study caused by Hyougoken-Nanbu earthquake. Furthermore, the calculated result of forecasting the condition of street blockage at center of Yokohama city by Kanto great earthquake and Syouka-Gannen earthquake was showed.

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With a focus on area wide, simultaneous failures of metropolitan transportation network systems as caused by the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, this study proposes performance indices of highway network systems against such disaster risks. It is shown that the topological index developed by Hosoya for the analysis of topological properties of polymers and its variants serve as appropriate indicators for evaluating the overall performance of metropolitan highway networks against near-field earthquake disaster risks. Especially the proposed indicators are proved to measure effectively the disparity/concentration of highway networks as well as their redundancy properties. This paper concludes by assessing the potential and limit of this proposed indicator for evaluating real-world lifeline systems.

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This paper reports the measurement of permanent ground displacements in Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake arising on Jan. 17, 1995. The measurement is executed over entire Ashiya-city by conventional aerial photogrammetry with photographs on the scale of 1:4, 000. Three-dimensional displacements of about 700 ground points and vertical displacements of about 800 manhole lids are measured by analytical stereo plotters. Estimated measurement precision is 8cm horizontally and 15cm vertically. It is observed that the directions and magnitudes of displacements are closely connected to both distance from the dike and the front water depth there in Ashiyahama reclaimed land.

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