It is necessary that the parameter-estimation method be consistent with properties underlying the used data set for the better understanding and accurate forecasting of travel behaviors. This paper presents two types of weighting methods for the stated preference (SP) data set obtained from panels for shopping activity and travel patterns on non-workdays. In this paper, the validity of the proposed methods are empirically discussed through its application to modelling of shopping destination choice behavior. The result shows that the goodness of fit of the mixing distribution model is superior to that of the mass point model, while both of them are regarded as an useful tool for taking the SP bias into consideration in comparison with the result of the ordinary estimation method.

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The purpose of the study is to reveal the mechanism, the process and cause that concrete discoloration over a period of time. Based on the survey of the color and the age of slope protection of Chuo Express way and the bridges in Yamanashi prefecture, the fittingof logisticcurve as the growth-model of discoloration and the analysis of speed of discoloration by the quantifieation method type I were done. The result is as follows: (1) the relation between discoloration and time can estimated by logistic courve and it takes about 10-20 years for concrete surface to become dark color (value is about 4.0), (2) the speed of discoloration and the slope protection and brige concrete is influenced by the charactreistics of the structuresand their environment, ie: time, texture, design, location, landscape, sunshine, traffic.

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It has been observed on Japanese motorways recently that congestions occur at the bottlenecks such as sags and tunnels. This bottleneck phenomena have not been studied yet in details because of the difficulty in acquisition of data from real traffic flow. The paper deals with the dynamic phenomena of traffic flow based on field observations at sag. A hypothesis of the mechanism of generation and propagation of deceleration waves is suggested from the viewpoint of car-following behaviour and verified using the data observed. The parameters of a car-following model are estimated for each vehicle and some car-following simulations are done. It is found that the identified car-following model is able to simulate the real traffic flows.

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As the DTM has come to wide use, the building of hill shading maps has become more frequent, because hill shading maps facilitate the understanding of land shapes more than contour maps. Hill shading maps can be used as background maps for regional planning thematic maps; they are more persuasive than those based on contour background maps. But hill shading map can be viewed differently depending on the direction of lighting. The building of such thematic maps using hill shading background map has been done by trial and error. In this paper, the technical framework for building such thematic maps is discussed thorough the simulation and the application by digital processing.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze a mechanism for forming trip pattems of coastal cargo ships, based on the Origin-Destination survey given to their operators. First, ships' trip chains made by the ships which start from and return to their base port through several trips are classified into several trip patterns by the number of sojourns and the cargo transport activities in their chains. Second, it is shown that the length of the first trip in a trip pattern is an important factor to form each pattern, and that one of the other trips with a cargo transportation is a return cargo transportation. Finally, it is made clear that load factor is one of the most significant factors to choose a return cargo OD.

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This paper presents a unified framework to measure the economic values of information systems for route navigation. Welfare measurement is made by use of randon expectations utility models with rational expectations. Two alternative indices to measure the economic values of informational messages are proposed. The expected consumer surplus and the option price, can be used to evaluate the economic benefit of information systems for route navigation. The numerical examples illustrate how these indices can be applied to route navigation problems.

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This paper aims at understanding precisely the present investment amounts for construction of transport facilities and the composition of their actual payers, in a manner capable of comparing these factors of individual facilities. It shows the methods to achieve this aim and calculates practically these factors for roads, railways, airports and harbors. Since existing statistical materials do not provide such data, we have made efforts to coordinate various kinds of statistical materials and have obtained an actual composition of fund payers by making a model which takes into consideration multi-year subsidies and other indirect subsidies like grants for paying interest.

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Planning expressway rest areas requires consideration of various interdependent elements, for example allocation and layout of physical objects, contents and design of signs which define crowd movement, which in turn affects safety. This paper proposes a simulation model of pedestrian and vehicle movements in expressway rest areas as a tool for facility design and evaluation. The focus of the analysis is on the relationship among pedestrian behavior, vehicle movements and facilities layout. The simulation is based on a micro-level model which represents pedestrian movement as a function of the amount of available information in addition to the more obvious principles of collision avoidance and distance minimization. Results of simulation are presented through graphic display to visualize the effect of design components. The model system can conveniently adopt different combinations and facility components (e. g., toilets) and their layouts, and facilitates the analysis and evaluation of a wide range of design alternatives.
This paper is composed of two parts: model development and a case study. The model development comprises the following steps:
1. Formulation of assumptions of pedestrian behavior principle,
2. Observation of actual pedestrian behavior and experimentation in public facilities,
3. Analysis of the relationships between pedestrian behavior and pedestrian attributes and
4. Validation of the assumptions and model components.
In the case study, the model is implemented for an expressway rest area, its reproducibility is verified and facility improvement plans are proposed based o n the results of simulation.

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Because of the financial embarrassments and environmental limitations, to constrcut new transportation infrastructures is becoming increasingly difficult. Under this situation, the main target of transportation planning is changing from satisfying traffic demand by enlarging the capacity of infrastructures to matching traffic demand with supply by transportation demand management (TDM).
In order to develop a quantitative basis for TDM, this paper presents the Maximum Traffic Generation Model (MTGM) which gives the maximum traffic generation under a certain road service level and an optimal OD matrix for a given road network. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the optimal OD matrix of Kyoto city by applying MTGM to the road network and discusses the adjustment direction of its land use.

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In this study the objectives are to define appropriate measures of efficiency and equity in the context of rural road investment and to embrace the efficiency-equity trade-off in mathematical programming model for allocating financial resources for rual road investment at the sub-regional level. In order to solve the problem, it was formulated as selecting some rural roads for investment that lead to the maximum increase in rural accessibility for the greatest number of people, and at the same time minimize the inequity in accessibility distribution within budget constraint, The non-inferior solutions were generated by ε-constraint approach. The preferred solution was obtained by using the importance of link to each agency. This method was applied in the Offinso district, the Ashanti Region of Ghana. As a result we proved that this method was effective to determine the allocation of the road investment in the developing country.

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Following the development of the proposed consumer theory-based demand model that is discriled in the paper entitle “Logit Models and Gravity Model in the Context of Consumer Behavior Theory”, this paper seeks the derivations of the generalized extreme value models (GEV) and the nested logit models. By the context of this study, the so-called quasi-GEV model and quasi-nested logit models are introduced.

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This technical note discusses the similarity of travellers behavior in the temporal domain of one-day travel on holidays on the basis of the behavioral model previously proposed. According to the model, holiday travellers recognize the disutility due to the earliness of departure from home before a certain time, and that due to lateness of arrival time at home after another certain time, and these threshold times are difined as random variables of normal distributions representing the individual and occasional differences. It was revealed that two normal distributions for the two threshold times are commonly applied to the different mode users of recreational travellers, and downtown shoppers.

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