A number of sonic boundaries which have considerable reflection coefficent were detected between the Tertiary and the basement, according to the sonic impedances which were obtained by the velocity measurement of ultra-sonic propagation on drilling cores in the Miike coal field, Kyushu.
It is unquestionable that fair response of reflections is acquired on the surface of the base-rock, near the coal seams such as the Main Seam of the Tooka Formation, the Upper Seam of Nanaura Formation, , Uppermest Seam of Kattachi Formation and so on by the result of velocity loggings and the well shootings.
Utilizing the abovementioned data, the equipment improved by the author was used in the sonic exploration. Thus, particular patterns are presented such as uncomformity, monoclinic structure, fold, lava-flow, agglomerate stock, gravel bed and fault of the Cenozoic Formation in the Ariake Sea.

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The work described here was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the cutting force of rocks in the formation of small chips.
The cutting experiments of rocks were carried out by the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, in which depth of cut increased continuously from 0 to some values with the rotation of tool. The vertical and horizontal forces applied to cutting tool were measured by mean of a specialy designed dynamometer which was set under the cutting apparatus. These forces were fluctuating at every point of cut, but in this paper we were intent on the mean values of the fluctuations. From the force traces on ocsillograph, therefore, the mean vertical and horizontal forces were read out for every depth of cut. The cutting force P_c exerting tangentially in the direction of tool motion and the thrust force P_t perpendicular to direction of tool motion were estimated besed on the mean vertical and horizontal forces with respect to the corresponding depth of cut. Furthermore, the normal forces F_c and T acting on the rake face and the backing-off face of tool tip respectively can be estimated, assuming the friction angle at the chip and tool interface.
As to the relations between each of the forces P_c, P_t, F_c and depth of cut t, non-linear relationship was obtained in the region of t smaller than t₀, a critical depth of cut specified to rock specimen, while a straight line was obtained over the critical depth of cut. The thrust on backing-off face T, varied non-linearly with the depth of cut in the region below the critical point but became constant over it.
According to the experiments carried out with increasing cutting width, it was found that the mean values of all the forces P_c, P_t, F_c and T estimated per unit width would not be affected by the width, and that, however, they would be decreased exponentially with increasing width if thier peak values of the traces on oscillograph were taken.

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In order to improve the technique on the gas drainage in coal mines, the authors have carried out theoretically the studies on the unsteady gas flow caused by making a plain or a cylindrical free face in the porous media.
Present paper describes that more acculate numerical analysis are applied on the similer gas flow through coal seams which are capable of adsorbing much methane gas and the relations with the rate of flow of gas under various conditions are formularized. It is found that the rate of flow of gas, in the case of a plain free face, is proportional to the 1.3th power of the containing gas pressure and to the square root of the permeability and the time elapsed, and in the case of a cylindrical free face, it is proportional to the square of the pressure and to the parmeability and the time elapsed.
For the purpose of confirmation of the above analysis, experiment is carried out on the gas flow through the porous media consisting of plaster, sand and activated carbon instead of coal, and the experimental results agree fairly with the theoretical analysis.

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Today many projects of ocean development are examined and now in Seto Inland Sea the removal of many submerged projecting rocks, which block the passage of ships, is planning.
However, today we do not have an effective boring machine for under sea boring. The author built a special thermodrill or jet piercing machine which operate under water.
Several thermodrills are already used in quarries in U. S.A. and U.S.S.R. etc., but they are not efficient for under water operation.
In this paper the author described the principles of design of the thermodrill, and showed the basic calculation method for design of the burner. We can design a desirable thermodrill in accordance with the same principle shown in this paper.

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The recovery of xanthate ion from metal-xanthate scum is of economical importance in the ion flotation, in which heavy metal ions are removed selectively from waste water forming a metal-xanthate scum by the addition of xanthate ion.
The present paper describes the sulfidization method by the following reaction;
Cd (RX) ₂+S^2-→CdS+2RX-
2RXwhere RX-means an alkyl xanthate ion. The recovery of 90% of amyl xanthate was found to be possible by the addition of Na₂S 1.0 to 1.2 equivalent to Cd (AX) ₂. It was recommended that the sulfidization should be applied without an extreme dewatering of the scum floated. But, even in these case where Cd-xanthate scum was obtained hydrophobic by dewatering, successful recovery was obtained by the treatment of the scum with NaOH solution prior to sulfidization.
The recovery of xanthate ion by the other method, such as NaOH treatment and oxidation by I₂, was also examined.

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The removal of Hg²⁺ and CH₃Hg⁺ ions from waste water was studied by utilizing the exchage reaction between ZnS and heavy metal ions. The findings obtained are summarized as follows;
1) Hg²⁺ ion (10ppm) can be reduced to a trace amount over the wide pH range (2 to 11) by adding an adequate amount of artificial ZnS or natural sphalerite.
2) CH₃Hg⁺ ion (13ppm) can also be reduced to the same level as Hg²⁺ ion in the pH range less than 5, though the larger amount of ZnS is necessary as compared with the case of the removal of Hg²⁺ ion.
3) The reaction products formed on artificial ZnS (cubic) by the uptake of Hg²⁺ or CH3Hg+ions were identified to metacinnabar (hexagonal) by means of X-ray analysis, indicating that the reaction proceeds to produce well developed crystalline. The ratio of mercury uptaken by ZnS to Zn²⁺ emitted was found to be 1: 1 for Hg²⁺ ion and 2: 1 for CH₃Hg⁺ ion, respectively.
4) The removal of Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions was also examined by use of the same procedure. Cu²⁺ ion can be reduced to 0.05ppm by ZnS, whereas no removal of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions is obtained, suggesting the possibility of selective removal of Hg²⁺ ion from waste water which contains coexisting metal ions having less adsorbability to ZnS.

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In a vessel filled with two liquids, a solution of KI and a mixture of kerosene-liquid paraffin, nitrogen gas containing bromine vapor was injected through a lance into the aqueous phase, where (1) absorption of Br₂ i. e. a local increase of the density resulted in the generation of convection, (2) liberation of free iodine enabled easy observation of the convection in the aqueous phase as well as in the organic phase (due to extraction).
The convection due to the density difference was discussed in terms of the Rayleigh number which has been derived to describe thermal convection.
Some discussions on the matte/slag smelting were also presented.

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The densities of molten copper mattes Cu₂S-FeS, Cu₂S-ZnS and FeS-ZnS were measured in the temperature interval 1, 150°C to 1, 370°C, using “U-tube method” with W-probe. Several density values were also obtained for the ternary matte Cu₂S-ZnS-FeS in the same temperature range.
The densities of binary mattes Cu₂S-FeS, Cu₂S-ZnS and FeS-ZnS, and that of ternary matte Cu₂S-ZnSFeS were measured as 5.70-3.77g/cc, 5.70-4.11g/cc, 3.99-3.33g/cc, and 5.25-3.91g/cc, respectively. Molar volumes and partial molar volumes of the binary mattes were evaluated.

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The confirmation of the immiscible range of Sn-Fe system and the determination of the miscibility gap of Sn-Fe-Si system at 1, 350°C were carried out by means of distribution equilibrium method to obtain a fundamental aspect in the ferrosilicon process for treatment of hard head.
1) The immiscible range of Sn-Fe system was rather broader than the result of Mills and Turkdogan.
2) The distribution of tin between the crude tin and ferrosilicon phases was determined. When the silicon content in the ferrosilicon was 22-24%, the experimental results were most preferable, namely tin was below 0.9% in the ferrosilicon and it could be raised more than 98% in the crude tin.
3) The immiscible conditions were also discussed by using the image of electron probe X-ray microanalyser.

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The Nitrofluor process provides a thorough method of dissolving the columbite in a nonaqueous inorganic solvent, purifying the niobium and tantalum, and separating them from each other by volatile separation tecchniques.
HF solutions of N₂O₃, N₂O₄ or NOF can disintegrate the columbite even at a room temperature. Subsequently, most of the niobium and tantalum precipitate as complex fluorides, leaving in the solution relatively large quantities of impurities, such as iron, manganese, titanium and tin.
For further isolation of the complex fluorides of niobium and tantalum from the impurities, a volatilization of the niobium and tantalum from the dissolver solid separated from the dissolver solution is found effective. There appears to be a possibility of separating niobium and tantalum from each other by fractional sublimation utilizing the difference of volatility of these complex fluorides when the HF-N₂O₃ azeotrope is used for disintegrating the columbite.
A general flowsheet is proposed for treating typical columbite or tantalite by the Nitrofluor process.

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